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Niu WY, Yan XS, Qiao H, Sun YJ, Gu HY, Li GL, Cui ZG, Du J. An adolescent with primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1273719. [PMID: 38023243 PMCID: PMC10646431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1273719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) differs from follicular lymphoma in biological behavior and molecular profile and is treated as a distinct entity, according to the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of hematolymphoid tumors. It is an uncommon cutaneous B-cell lymphoma that is considerably rare in children and adolescents. To date, only 13 cases of individuals younger than 20 years of age have been reported in the literature. The lack of relevant clinical epidemiological data in this population has hampered the investigation of its clinical and diagnostic aspects. Here we report the case of a 17-year-old male with PCFCL, who may be the first PCFCL patient under 20 years of age reported in China. He was admitted to the hospital with a solitary nodule on his face. After complete surgical excision, the patient's facial mass was histologically identified as PCFCL. The patient's prognosis was favorable, with no recurrence at 17 months of follow-up after the surgical resection. We present a case of an adolescent PCFCL patient and systematically review the literature with a view to increase the awareness of the disease and inform the diagnosis and treatment of this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Niu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue-Shen Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Yan Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lun Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong-Guang Cui
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Fernandez-Flores A, Cassarino D. CD30 in Cutaneous Pathology. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:593-607. [PMID: 37625801 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The discovery of CD30 as a diagnostic marker was essential in the identification of not only some lymphomas but also many other solid tumors and benign reactive conditions. Many CD30+ cutaneous disorders and tumors have been categorized since the identification of the marker. With the design of targeted therapies against CD30+ tumoral cells, the interest in CD30 determination was not only diagnostic but also mainly therapeutic. In this article, we explore the historical aspects of the discovery of CD30 and examine the main CD30-related cutaneous pathology, susceptible of anti-CD30 modern treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fernandez-Flores
- Dermatopathologist, Department of Histopathology, University Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Hospital de la Reina, Ponferrada, Spain
- Research Department, Institute for Biomedical Research of a Coruña (INIBIC), University of a Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - David Cassarino
- Pathologist, Los Angeles Medical Center (LAMC), Southern California Kaiser Permanente, Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Los Angeles, CA
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3
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Afolayan-Oloye O, Zhao L, Tejasvi T, Chan MP, Harms PW, Fullen DR, Wilcox RA, Hristov AC. CD30 expression in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:819-827. [PMID: 37290910 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD30 expression has been infrequently described in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs). We examined CD30 expression in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) and CBCL and correlated expression with clinicopathologic features. METHODS CD30 was examined in 82 CBCL patients and 10 RLH patients that had been evaluated in our cutaneous lymphoma clinics. The CBCL patients included: primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL), Grade 1/2 systemic/nodal follicular lymphoma (SFL); primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma/lymphoproliferative disorder (PCMZL/LPD); systemic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL); primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT); and extracutaneous/systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (eDLBCL). We scored CD30 expression for intensity and extent and related CD30 expression to age at first diagnosis, sex, site of biopsy, clinical appearance, extracutaneous involvement, multiple cutaneous lesions, B-symptoms, lymphadenopathy, positive positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and positive bone marrow biopsy. RESULTS CD30 expression was identified in 35% of CBCL, ranging from few, weak, scattered cells to strong and diffuse expression. It was most common in PCFCL and was not expressed in PCDLBCL-LT. Rare PCFCL expressed strong, diffuse CD30. Some cases of PCMZL/LPD, SMZL, FL, and RLH showed scattered, strongly positive cells. CD30 expression in CBCL was associated with favorable clinical features: younger age, negative PET/CT, and an LDH within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS CD30 may be expressed in CBCL, possibly causing diagnostic confusion. CD30 expression was most commonly identified in PCFCL and is associated with favorable clinical features. In cases with strong and diffuse expression, CD30 could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Trilokraj Tejasvi
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - May P Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Douglas R Fullen
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexandra C Hristov
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Al Harbi SM, Al Natour S, Al Saif NM, Al Saif N, Al Bayat MI. Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma Presenting as a Solitary Nodule on the Forearm of an Adolescent Girl: A Case Report and Literature Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:167-172. [PMID: 36711073 PMCID: PMC9879773 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s396326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) are very rare to be seen in pediatric and adolescent age group, especially primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) which is considered the least occurring main subtype. Here, we describe a 16-year-old girl who developed a slowly growing solitary firm smooth surfaced erythematous nodule over her forearm. Histopathological examination showed a dense dermal nodular, periadnexal and perivascular lymphoid infiltrate extending deep to the subcutis. Immunohistochemical staining showed a B-cell population with positivity for CD20, variable staining for BCL6 and CD10 and uniquely staining for BCL2. Although a primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) was considered but the presences of interfollicular BCL6 and CD10 positivity established the diagnosis of PCFCL. To our knowledge, only 12 cases of pediatric and adolescent PCFCL have been described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadan Mohammed Al Harbi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Sadan Mohammed Al Harbi, Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia, Email
| | - Sahar Al Natour
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Mohammed Al Saif
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Al Saif
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Methal Isam Al Bayat
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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5
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D'Alessandro PR, Lo AC, Spencer MH, Farinha P, Armstrong L, Dolman PJ, Cheng S. Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma of the medial canthus of the eye in an 11-year old. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29630. [PMID: 35234333 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R D'Alessandro
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea C Lo
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Developmental Radiotherapeutics, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin H Spencer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pedro Farinha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linlea Armstrong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's and Women's Health Centre of BC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter J Dolman
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sylvia Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Colmant C, Demers MA, Hatami A, Coulombe J, McCuaig CC, Piram M, Marcoux D, Kokta V, Powell J. Pediatric Cutaneous Hematologic Disorders: Cutaneous Lymphoma and Leukemia Cutis: Experience of a Tertiary-Care Pediatric Institution and Review of the Literature. J Cutan Med Surg 2022; 26:349-360. [PMID: 35167768 DOI: 10.1177/12034754221077694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous hematologic malignancies are rare in children, and the literature about them is still sparse. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to report our experience with pediatric cases of cutaneous hematologic disorders and describe their clinical and histological features. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from the histopathologic database of the CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. All patients up to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of a primary cutaneous lymphoma (including lymphomatoid papulosis), secondary cutaneous lymphoma or cutaneous manifestations of leukemia, followed from 1980 to 2019 at our center were reviewed. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were included. Age at presentation ranged from birth to 18 years of age (mean 7.83 ± 5.16; median 7.0). Ten different hematologic disorders were identified according to the WHO-EORTC classifications: lymphomatoid papulosis (10 cases), mycosis fungoides (6 cases), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (4 cases), pre-B acute lymphoid leukemia (5 cases), primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (4 cases), primary cutaneous CD4+medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (1 case), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (1 case), hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder (1 case), B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (1 case) and acute myeloid leukemia (3 cases). CONCLUSION The most common subtype of cutaneous hematologic disease in our single institution study was lymphomatoid papulosis (type A and type C), followed by mycosis fungoides. Recognition of this large clinical and histological spectrum by dermatologists is important because diagnosis is often established by biopsy of skin lesions, even in secondary cutaneous cases. Moreover, the clinicopathological correlation is of utmost importance for the final diagnosis of those pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Colmant
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Demers
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Afshin Hatami
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jerome Coulombe
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Cameron McCuaig
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Piram
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Marcoux
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victor Kokta
- Department of Pathology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Powell
- Department of Pathology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Xu Z, Margolskee E, Villasenor-Park J, Rubin AI, Khurana MC. A healthy 16-year-old boy presenting with multifocal asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:e8-e10. [PMID: 35106821 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Margolskee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam I Rubin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele C Khurana
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Edmonds N, Hernández-Pérez M, Holsinger M, Gru AA. Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma in a 16-year-old girl. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:663-668. [PMID: 33326136 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the pediatric and adolescent age group, primary cutaneous lymphomas are rare, especially cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. According to the World Health Organization, the three main subtypes of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL), primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type. We present an extraordinary case of PCFCL arising in a 16-year-old female, only the sixth case of PCFCL to be reported in the literature in a patient less than 20 years old. Although PCMZL was considered in this case, the finding of lambda light chain restriction in the BCL-6 and CD10 positive population of lymphocytes established the diagnosis of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma. Not many data currently exist on the prognosis of PCFCL in young individuals, but adult PCFCL has a good prognosis with an indolent course and 5-year survival rates over 95%. Because of its uncommon manifestation in young patients, the diagnosis of PCFCL is often delayed or missed. This case is presented to raise awareness of PCFCL in the pediatric/ adolescent population and to contribute to the ongoing research of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Edmonds
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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9
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Malachowski SJ, Sun J, Chen PL, Seminario-Vidal L. Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas. Dermatol Clin 2019; 37:443-454. [PMID: 31466585 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are a group of diseases with indolent and aggressive behavior. The goal of the initial workup is to evaluate for systemic involvement, provide adequate staging, and guide therapy. Histopathological studies are a critical part of the workup for classification of these lymphomas because they are similar to their nodal counterparts. There are limited data for treatment guidelines, and thus, therapy differs among institutions. Overall, localized therapies are preferred for indolent types and chemotherapy or immunotherapy for the aggressive forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Malachowski
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - James Sun
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 10920 McKinley Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 10920 McKinley Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lucia Seminario-Vidal
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 10920 McKinley Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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10
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Abstract
This article focuses on cutaneous hematopoietic neoplasms that are more likely to be encountered in the pediatric age-group and includes both lymphoproliferative and histiocytic disorders. The cutaneous hematologic disorders in children have a different epidemiologic profile to what is seen during adulthood. Although mycosis fungoides is the most frequent form of cutaneous lymphoma in adults, it is very rare in children. Because lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas are more frequent in the pediatric setting, cutaneous leukemic infiltrates are relatively common in this age-group. Similarly, histiocytic disorders are more common in children, particularly Langerhans cell histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma. Notably, the histiocytic disorders have undergone significant modifications on their nomenclature in the basis of the molecular characteristics that are present in them. A summary of the most frequent cutaneous hematopoietic disorders in children will be discussed further in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Gru
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Louis P Dehner
- 2 Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, St. Louis Children's Hospital and Dermatopathology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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11
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Primary cutaneous spindle cell B cell lymphoma: A report of three cases and review of the literature. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 27:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Amitay-Laish I, Tavallaee M, Kim J, Hoppe R, Million L, Feinmesser M, Fenig E, Wolfe M, Hodak E, Kim Y. Paediatric primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: does it differ from its adult counterpart? Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1010-1020. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Amitay-Laish
- Department of Dermatology; Davidoff Center; Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - M. Tavallaee
- Department of Dermatology; Stanford Cancer Center; Stanford CA U.S.A
| | - J. Kim
- Department of Pathology; Stanford Cancer Center; Stanford CA U.S.A
| | - R.T. Hoppe
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Stanford Cancer Center; Stanford CA U.S.A
| | - L. Million
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Stanford Cancer Center; Stanford CA U.S.A
| | - M. Feinmesser
- Department of Pathology; Davidoff Center; Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - E. Fenig
- Department of Radiotherapy Unit; Davidoff Center; Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - M.E.L. Wolfe
- Department of Dermatology; Stanford Cancer Center; Stanford CA U.S.A
| | - E. Hodak
- Department of Dermatology; Davidoff Center; Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Y.H. Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Stanford Cancer Center; Stanford CA U.S.A
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13
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Hope CB, Pincus LB. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas with large cell predominance-primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. Semin Diagn Pathol 2016; 34:85-98. [PMID: 28065463 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present clinical features and detailed histopathologic, immunologic, and molecular information regarding primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type which together represent two of the three most common types of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma recognized in the current WHO classification system.1,2 Overall, B-cell lymphomas represent 19-27% of primary cutaneous lymphomas in most large European and American studies3-6 and together, primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type account for approximately 2/3 to ¾ of these cases.5,7-11 Both subtypes can contain a high content of large B-lymphocytes, although most cases of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphomas exhibit a range in cell size and cytology. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, a less commonly-encountered EBV-negative primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma composed of large cells, will be more briefly discussed in this report as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity B Hope
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Laura B Pincus
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ T-LPD) represent a spectrum encompassing lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pcALCL) and borderline lesions. They share the expression of CD30 as a common phenotypic marker. They differ however in their clinical presentation, the histological features and clinical course. Moreover, LyP and PcALCL show numerous clinical, histological and phenotypic variants. Overlapping features of LyP and pcALCL with themselves and with other cutaneous and systemic lymphomas emphasize the importance of careful clinicopathologic correlation and staging in the diagnosis of CD30+ T-LPD. Furthermore, an increasing number of inflammatory and infectious skin disorders harboring medium-sized to large CD30+ cells have to be considered in the differential diagnosis. Whereas the expression of CD30 in cutaneous CD30+ T-LPD stands for a favourable prognosis, its expression in other cutaneous and systemic lymphomas has a divergent impact. The assessment of CD30 expression does not only provide prognostic information, but is of potential therapeutic relevance as CD30 can serve as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the clinicopathological and phenotypic spectrum of CD30+ T-LPD, its differential diagnoses and the role of CD30 as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Matutes E, Montalban C. Clinical features and management of non-gastrointestinal non-ocular extranodal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (ENMALT) marginal zone lymphomas. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 30:99-108. [PMID: 28288723 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (ENMALT) marginal zone lymphomas may arise at any site of the body. The most frequent localizations other than gastrointestinal and eye are salivary gland, skin, lung and thyroid. These lymphomas usually arise in a setting of inflammation due to a persistent infection or autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren syndrome in salivary MALT lymphomas and Hashimoto's thryroiditis in thyroid lymphomas. They affect middle-aged patients with a female predominance when lymphoma arises in certain locations. Patients often present with localised stage I or II although disseminated disease may be present at diagnosis or relapse in a third of the cases. Biopsy of the affected site is mandatory to establish the diagnosis and a full work-up staging is recommended. The clinical course is indolent and prognosis is good despite that recurrences following response to therapy are frequent. Surgery, radiotherapy and/or Rituximab based regimens are effective in these lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Montalban
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Ceppi F, Pope E, Ngan B, Abla O. Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1886-94. [PMID: 27229270 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas are rare in children and mostly represented by mycosis fungoides and CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disorders. Most pediatric cutaneous lymphomas have similar clinical/pathological features as their adult counterparts, particularly the T-cell subtypes. With regard to outcome, adult cutaneous mature T-cell lymphomas have a tendency to progression, while this appears to be relatively infrequent in children. The outcome of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas depends on subtype, with the B-lymphoblastic entity being associated with similar outcomes to precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while there are insufficient data on other entities. The diagnosis and treatment of these patients require a close collaboration between experienced pediatric pathologists, dermatologists, and oncologists. Prospective collection of longitudinal clinical and biological data from children with these rare lymphomas is needed to better understand their biological and clinical behavior and to ultimately discover the best therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ceppi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena Pope
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Ngan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Oussama Abla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Toronto, Canada.
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18
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Sandlund JT, Perkins SL. Uncommon non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood: pathological diagnosis, clinical features and treatment approaches. Br J Haematol 2015; 169:631-46. [PMID: 25851546 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We provide a review of the pathological and clinical features for uncommon B-cell and T-cell lymphomas of childhood with a specific focus on advances in treatment approaches and outcomes. There is clearly a need for prospective investigation of both the clinical and biological features of the uncommon non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes in childhood. These results should lead to more uniform and more effective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Sandlund
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sherrie L Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma in children: a report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2015; 36:661-6. [PMID: 24698939 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
: Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) is one of the most common cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. It affects mostly patients in their fourth decade and manifests with multifocal nodules mostly on the arms and upper trunk in more than half of the patients. PCMZL is, however, rare in children and adolescents, with only 20 cases reported in patients aged 20 and younger. The authors present 3 cases of PCMZL in teenagers. The patients were 2 girls aged 18 and 13 and a 17-year-old boy. Two patients presented with multiple lesions involving various anatomic sites, whereas in 1 patient, 2 small closely opposed papules on the abdomen were seen. Histopathologically, the characteristic appearance of PCMZL was found in 3 of 4 specimens, with nodular infiltrates composed of small lymphocytes in the interfollicular compartment, reactive germinal centers, and plasma cells in small clusters mainly at the periphery of the infiltrates, whereas 1 specimen showed a dense lymphocytic infiltrate with small granulomas. Clonality was demonstrated by monotypic immunoglobulin light chain expression and/or monoclonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. No Borrelia burgdorferi was identified on serology or by polymerase chain reaction in any of the cases. Treatment included excision or administration of antibiotics with complete remission in all the 3 patients indicating that PCMZL in children and young adolescents follows the same indolent course with a tendency for recurrences, but excellent prognosis as in adults. The pertinent literature on PCZL in childhood and adolescence is reviewed.
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20
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Kempf W, Kazakov DV, Belousova IE, Mitteldorf C, Kerl K. Paediatric cutaneous lymphomas: a review and comparison with adult counterparts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:1696-709. [PMID: 25715748 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CL) in children is rare. Only a few studies focused specifically on paediatric CL and therefore little is known whether primary CL in children are similar to or different from their adult counterparts with respect to the clinicopathological presentation, behaviour and prognosis. An extensive literature search using PubMed/MEDLINE from January 1995 through July 2014 was undertaken for articles reporting cases of paediatric CL. In addition, we identified 31 children with CL in our institutions. Mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are the two most prevalent lymphoma forms in children. A few entities of cutaneous lymphomas such as cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type, and Sézary syndrome have not been reported so far in children. Other lymphoma entities such as hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma are mostly seen in certain geographic areas (Asia, Central and South America). In the paediatric population, low-malignant indolent forms such as primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma are very rare, whereas the more aggressive forms of B-cell lymphomas, precursor lymphoblastic lymphomas, and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm are the most common forms in children, mostly involving the skin secondarily. Most paediatric lymphomas have similar clinicopathological features and course as their adults counterparts, particularly in the group of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The spectrum of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas in children significantly differs from the one in adults. Diagnostic work-up and treatment of paediatric patients with lymphomas are best achieved in close collaboration with paediatric haematopathologists and oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D V Kazakov
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I E Belousova
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Military Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - C Mitteldorf
- Department of Dermatology, HELIOS-Klinikum, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - K Kerl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Kempf W, Kazakov DV, Rütten A, Rupec RA, Talarcik P, Ballová V, Kerl K, Dummer R, Lautenschlager S, Zimmermann DR, Tinguely M. Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma with diffuse CD30 expression: A report of 4 cases of a rare variant. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:548-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan M, Scarisbrick JJ. Pediatric cutaneous lymphomas: rare diseases requiring expert diagnosis and management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.838041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ghatalia P, Porter J, Wroblewski D, Carlson JA. Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma associated with juxta-articular fibrotic nodules in a teenager. J Cutan Pathol 2013; 40:477-84. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ghatalia
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Albany Medical College; Albany; NY; 12208; USA
| | - Joanne Porter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Albany Medical College; Albany; NY; 12208; USA
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Perry A, Vincent BJ, Parker SRS. Intralesional corticosteroid therapy for primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:223-5. [PMID: 20394622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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