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Al-Soneidar WA, Harper S, Madathil SA, Schlecht NF, Nicolau B. Do cutaneous human papillomavirus genotypes affect head and neck cancer? Evidence and bias-correction from a case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 79:102205. [PMID: 35780522 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three genera of human papillomavirus (HPV) infect the oral cavity and oropharynx- alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ). While α-HPV infection is an established risk factor for head and neck cancers (HNC), the role of other genera remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the effect of α-, β-, γ-HPV on HNC using a hospital-based case-control study. METHODS We recruited incident HNC cases (396) and controls (439), frequency-matched by age and sex from four main referral hospitals in Montreal, Canada. We collected information on sociodemographic and behavior characteristics using in-person interviews, and tested rinse, brush and tumor specimens for HPV genotypes. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of HPV on HNC using logistic regression, adjusting for confounding. We conducted probabilistic bias analysis to account for potential exposure misclassification, selection bias, and residual confounding. RESULTS α-HPV genus had a strong effect on HNC, particularly HPV16 (aOR=22.6; 95% CI: 10.8, 47.2). β-HPV was more common among controls (aOR=0.80; 95% 0.57, 1.11). After adjustment for HPV16, we found weaker evidence for γ-HPV (aOR= 1.29; 95% CI: 0.80, 2.08). Combined bias analyses for HPV16 increased the strength of the point estimate, but added imprecision (aOR=54.2, 95% CI: 10.7, 385.9). CONCLUSIONS α-HPV, especially HPV16, appears to increase the risk for HNC, while there is little evidence for an effect of β- or γ-HPV. β-HPV may have a preventive effect, while γ-HPV may increase the risk of HNC, although to a lesser extent than that of α-HPV. Results for cutaneous HPV were imprecise and less conclusive. Due to possible epidemiologic biases, the true relation between HPV and HNC could be underestimated in the literature. Further improvement in current methods and more studies of the biologic mechanisms of the three genera in HNC development are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Al-Soneidar
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Sam Harper
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sreenath A Madathil
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Evaluation of the β-Human Papillomavirus in Immunosuppressed Individuals with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2020; 10:1-10. [PMID: 33854928 PMCID: PMC7735980 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some types of beta-human papillomavirus (β-HPV) may be one of the probable causes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in transplant recipients. β-HPVs are linked to SCC in the literature with small number of subjects. Aim Herein, the first meta-analysis was carried out on the association between β-HPVs and cutaneous SCC in immunosuppressed patients. Methods A systematic search was carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases up to December 2018. The odds ratio (OR) were calculated by RevMan 5.3 software and the event rate (ER) by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 software with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 1250 records were identified through the two databases, but at last eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis that they were published from 1989 to 2018. The results showed a significantly high prevalence of β-HPVs in cutaneous SCC patients (ER = 69.1%; 95%CI: 58.7%, 77.8%). In addition, the prevalence of overall β-HPVs and β-HPVs of 5, 8, 9, 17, 49, 75, and 76 in immunosuppressed cutaneous SCC patients was significantly higher compared with controls. Conclusions The findings of the present meta-analysis support the hypothesis that β-HPV may play a role in cutaneous SCC development in immunosuppressed individuals.
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De novo sequence assembly requires bioinformatic checking of chimeric sequences. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237455. [PMID: 32777809 PMCID: PMC7417191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo assembly of sequence reads from next generation sequencing platforms is a common strategy for detecting presence and sequencing of viruses in biospecimens. Amplification artifacts and presence of several related viruses in the same specimen can lead to assembly of erroneous, chimeric sequences. We now report that such chimeras can also occur between viral and non-viral biological sequences incorrectly joined together which may cause erroneous detection of viruses, highlighting the importance of performing a chimera checking step in bioinformatics pipelines. Using Illumina NextSeq and metagenomic sequencing, we analyzed 80 consecutive non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) from 11 immunosuppressed patients together with 11 NMSCs from patients who had only developed 1 NMSC. We aligned high-quality reads against a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) database and found HPV sequences in 9/91 specimens. A previous bioinformatic analysis of the same crude sequencing data from some of these samples had found an additional 3 specimens to be HPV-positive after performing de novo assembly. The reason for the discrepancy was investigated and found to be mostly caused by chimeric sequences containing both viral and non-viral sequences. Non-viral sequences were present in these 3 samples. To avoid erroneous detection of HPV when performing sequencing, we thus developed a novel script to identify HPV chimeric sequences.
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Bandolin L, Borsetto D, Fussey J, Da Mosto MC, Nicolai P, Menegaldo A, Calabrese L, Tommasino M, Boscolo-Rizzo P. Beta human papillomaviruses infection and skin carcinogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2104. [PMID: 32232924 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the worldwide incidence of keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) has increased significantly. They are now the most common malignancy, representing approximately 30% of all cancers. The role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation as a major environmental risk factor for skin cancers is well recognized. The aim of this review is to analyse the current understanding of the nature of beta-human papillomavirus (HPV) and its association with KC and explore the implications for the management and prevention of these cancers. A comprehensive review of the literature on beta-HPV and its association with KC was undertaken, the results reported in the form of a narrative review. A subgroup of HPV that infects the mucosal epithelia of the genital tract has been firmly associated with carcinogenesis. In addition, some HPV types with cutaneous tropism have been proposed to cooperate with UV in the development of KC. The first evidence for this association was reported in 1922 in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Since then, epidemiological studies have highlighted the higher risk of skin cancer in patients with EV and certain cutaneous HPV types, and in vitro studies have elucidated molecular mechanisms and transforming properties of beta-HPV. Furthermore, in vivo research conducted on transgenic mice models has shown the possible role of beta-HPV in cutaneous carcinogenesis as a co-factor with UV radiation and immunosuppression. There is good evidence supporting the role of beta-HPV in the oncogenesis of KC. The high prevalence of beta-HPV in human skin and the worldwide burden of KC makes the search for an effective vaccine relevant and worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Bandolin
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Fussey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Piero Nicolai
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Menegaldo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Head and Neck Department, Ospedale di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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5
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Arroyo Mühr LS, Hortlund M, Bzhalava Z, Nordqvist Kleppe S, Bzhalava D, Hultin E, Dillner J. Viruses in case series of tumors: Consistent presence in different cancers in the same subject. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172308. [PMID: 28257474 PMCID: PMC5336194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating presence of viruses in cancer often analyze case series of cancers, resulting in detection of many viruses that are not etiologically linked to the tumors where they are found. The incidence of virus-associated cancers is greatly increased in immunocompromised individuals. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is also greatly increased and a variety of viruses have been detected in NMSC. As immunosuppressed patients often develop multiple independent NMSCs, we reasoned that viruses consistently present in independent tumors might be more likely to be involved in tumorigenesis. We sequenced 8 different NMSCs from 1 patient in comparison to 8 different NMSCs from 8 different patients. Among the latter, 12 different virus sequences were detected, but none in more than 1 tumor each. In contrast, the patient with multiple NMSCs had human papillomavirus type 15 and type 38 present in 6 out of 8 NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Sara Arroyo Mühr
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hortlund
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zurab Bzhalava
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Nordqvist Kleppe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davit Bzhalava
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Hultin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Huber B, Schellenbacher C, Shafti-Keramat S, Jindra C, Christensen N, Kirnbauer R. Chimeric L2-Based Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Vaccines Targeting Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses (HPV). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169533. [PMID: 28056100 PMCID: PMC5215943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Common cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types induce skin warts, whereas species beta HPV are implicated, together with UV-radiation, in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in immunosuppressed patients. Licensed HPV vaccines contain virus-like particles (VLP) self-assembled from L1 major capsid proteins that provide type-restricted protection against mucosal HPV infections causing cervical and other ano-genital and oro-pharyngeal carcinomas and warts (condylomas), but do not target heterologous HPV. Experimental papillomavirus vaccines have been designed based on L2 minor capsid proteins that contain type-common neutralization epitopes, to broaden protection to heterologous mucosal and cutaneous HPV types. Repetitive display of the HPV16 L2 cross-neutralization epitope RG1 (amino acids (aa) 17-36) on the surface of HPV16 L1 VLP has greatly enhanced immunogenicity of the L2 peptide. To more directly target cutaneous HPV, L1 fusion proteins were designed that incorporate the RG1 homolog of beta HPV17, the beta HPV5 L2 peptide aa53-72, or the common cutaneous HPV4 RG1 homolog, inserted into DE surface loops of HPV1, 5, 16 or 18 L1 VLP scaffolds. Baculovirus expressed chimeric proteins self-assembled into VLP and VLP-raised NZW rabbit immune sera were evaluated by ELISA and L1- and L2-based pseudovirion (PsV) neutralizing assays, including 12 novel beta PsV types. Chimeric VLP displaying the HPV17 RG1 epitope, but not the HPV5L2 aa53-72 epitope, induced cross-neutralizing humoral immune responses to beta HPV. In vivo cross-protection was evaluated by passive serum transfer in a murine PsV challenge model. Immune sera to HPV16L1-17RG1 VLP (cross-) protected against beta HPV5/20/24/38/96/16 (but not type 76), while antisera to HPV5L1-17RG1 VLP cross-protected against HPV20/24/96 only, and sera to HPV1L1-4RG1 VLP cross-protected against HPV4 challenge. In conclusion, RG1-based VLP are promising next generation vaccine candidates to target cutaneous HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Huber
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schellenbacher
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saeed Shafti-Keramat
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neil Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Reinhard Kirnbauer
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Quint KD, Genders RE, de Koning MNC, Borgogna C, Gariglio M, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Doorbar J, Feltkamp MC. Human Beta-papillomavirus infection and keratinocyte carcinomas. J Pathol 2015; 235:342-54. [PMID: 25131163 DOI: 10.1002/path.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of oncogenic human Alpha-papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the development of mucosal carcinomas at different body sites (eg cervix, anus, oropharynx) is fully recognized, a role for HPV in keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs; basal and squamous cell carcinomas) of the skin is not yet clear. KCs are the most common cancers in Caucasians, with the major risk factor being ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. A possible role for Beta-HPV types (BetaPV) in the development of KC was suggested several decades ago, supported by a number of epidemiological studies. Our current review summarizes the recent molecular and histopathological evidence in support of a causal association between BetaPV and the development of KC, and outlines the suspected synergistic effect of viral gene expression with UV radiation and immune suppression. Further insights into the molecular pathways and protein interactions used by BetaPV and the host cell is likely to extend our understanding of the role of BetaPV in KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen D Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands; DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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8
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Accardi R, Gheit T. Cutaneous HPV and skin cancer. Presse Med 2014; 43:e435-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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9
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Human papillomavirus type 197 is commonly present in skin tumors. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2546-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Murahwa AT, Muchemwa FC, Duri K, Kanyera RB, Tshabalala M, Manhanzva MT, Mapingure MP, Stray-Pedersen B. Frequency of Betapapillomavirus infections among HIV infected and uninfected Black Zimbabweans with cutaneous lesions. J Med Virol 2014; 87:478-84. [PMID: 25359659 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types from the Betapapillomavirus (β-HPV) genus are plentiful in non-melanoma skin cancers and warts among Caucasians, but there is paucity of information among black Africans. To determine the frequency of β-HPV genotypes in cutaneous infections among Black Zimbabweans, a cross-sectional study was carried out in which blood samples and skin biopsies were collected from patients infected and uninfected with HIV attending a referral hospital. We included 144 participants (72 infected and 72 uninfected with HIV) with clinically apparent cutaneous warts (n = 34), suspected non-melanoma skin cancers (n = 98) and Kaposi sarcoma (KS) (n = 18). The skin biopsies were analyzed for HPV DNA presence and type. β-HPV DNA was identified among 70% (101/144) and was significantly higher among patients infected with HIV, 79% (57/72) compared to the HIV uninfected 61% (44/72) [OR = 2.42, 95% CI (1.09-5.47), P = 0.018]. All patients with warts, 89% of those with KS and 58% of those with non-melanoma skin cancers were HPV DNA positive and β-HPV type 14 was identified in nearly half of the study participants 49.3% (71/144). Single HPV infections were observed in 33.7% (34/101) of the participants that were HPV DNA positive, 66.3% (67/101) had multiple HPV types. There was no significant difference between patients infected and uninfected with HIV in terms of multiple HPV infections. The distribution of different HPV types did not reveal any association with age and gender but there was an association between HPV 14 and HIV immune status. β-HPVs are not uncommon among the Black Zimbabweans with skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alltalents T Murahwa
- Department of Immunology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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11
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Improved detection reveals active β-papillomavirus infection in skin lesions from kidney transplant recipients. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1101-15. [PMID: 24390217 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether detection of β-HPV gene products, as defined in epidermodysplasia verruciformis skin cancer, could also be observed in lesions from kidney transplant recipients alongside the viral DNA. A total of 111 samples, corresponding to 79 skin lesions abscised from 17 kidney transplant recipients, have been analyzed. The initial PCR analysis demonstrated that β-HPV-DNA was highly present in our tumor series (85%). Using a combination of antibodies raised against the E4 and L1 proteins of the β-genotypes, we were able to visualize productive infection in 4 out of 19 actinic keratoses, and in the pathological borders of 1 out of 14 squamous cell carcinomas and 1 out of 31 basal cell carcinomas. Increased expression of the cellular proliferation marker minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7), that extended into the upper epithelial layers, was a common feature of all the E4-positive areas, indicating that cells were driven into the cell cycle in areas of productive viral infections. Although the present study does not directly demonstrate a causal role of these viruses, the detection of E4 and L1 positivity in actinic keratosis and the adjacent pathological epithelium of skin cancer, clearly shows that β-HPV are actively replicating in the intraepidermal precursor lesions of kidney transplant recipients and can therefore cooperate with other carcinogenic agents, such as UVB, favoring skin cancer promotion.
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12
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Wang J, Aldabagh B, Yu J, Arron ST. Role of human papillomavirus in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:621-629. [PMID: 24629358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) is not well defined, with past studies showing conflicting results. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if there is a significant association between HPV and cuSCC and whether cuSCC from immunosuppressed patients are more likely to carry HPV than cuSCC from immunocompetent patients. METHODS We performed a systematic review and abstracted data from articles that included: skin samples by biopsy, HPV detection by polymerase chain reaction, and a minimum of 10 cases and 10 controls. Pooled effect size and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects meta-analysis using the inverse variance method. RESULTS cuSCC were more likely to carry HPV than normal-appearing skin (pooled effect size [ES] 3.43, 95% confidence interval 1.97-5.98, P < .0001) in all patients. An increase in HPV prevalence was found in tumors from immunosuppressed patients compared with immunocompetent patients (pooled ES 3.01, 95% confidence interval 2.00-4.52, P < .0001). LIMITATIONS The greatest limitation is the heterogeneity of the studies included. The association of higher HPV prevalence in squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal-appearing skin does not imply causality. CONCLUSION These results contribute to evidence that HPV is associated with cuSCC. Higher HPV burden in tumors from immunosuppressed patients compared with immunocompetent patients may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wang
- Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Bishr Aldabagh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, St Louis University, St Louis, Missouri
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13
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Diversity of human papillomaviruses in skin lesions. Virology 2013; 447:300-11. [PMID: 24210127 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pools of frozen biopsies from patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=29) actinic keratosis (AK) (n=31), keratoacanthoma (n=91) and swab samples from 84 SCCs and 91 AKs were analysed with an extended HPV general primer PCR and high-throughput sequencing of amplimers. We found 273 different HPV isolates (87 known HPV types, 139 previously known HPV sequences (putative types) and 47 sequences from novel putative HPV types). Among the new sequences, five clustered in genus Betapapillomavirus and 42 in genus Gammapapillomavirus. Resequencing of the three pools between 21 to 70 times resulted in the detection of 283 different known or putative HPV types, with 156 different sequences found in only one of the pools. Type-specific PCRs for 37 putative types from an additional 296 patients found only two of these putative types. In conclusion, skin lesions contain a large diversity of HPV types, but most appeared to be rare infections.
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14
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Aldabagh B, Angeles JGC, Cardones AR, Arron ST. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus: is there an association? Dermatol Surg 2012; 39:1-23. [PMID: 22928516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the induction and maintenance of cervical, anogenital, and some oropharyngeal carcinomas is well recognized, but its role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains to be elucidated. HPV is thought to act as a possible cocarcinogen in the development of SCC. OBJECTIVE To review the literature assessing the correlation between and possible causation of HPV and cutaneous SCC in immunocompetent and immunocompromised populations. METHODS We reviewed HPV sampling and detection methods, epidemiologic studies examining HPV carriage in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals, and evidence asserting an association between HPV and cutaneous SCC. RESULTS Although an abundant body of evidence points toward a link between HPV and cutaneous SCC, many studies indicate otherwise. Recent studies have focused on viral activity in addition to DNA presence. CONCLUSION The possibility exists that HPV may play a role in the induction but not maintenance of cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishr Aldabagh
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Tessari G, Girolomoni G. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients: update on epidemiology, risk factors, and management. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:1622-30. [PMID: 22805312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most frequently observed cancers in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) and may have a significant disease burden. OBJECTIVE To provide an update regarding the epidemiology and management of NMSC in SOTR. RESULTS Ten-year incidence rates range from 10% in Italy to 20% in Northern Europe to 70% in Australia. More than 50% of NMSC are located on sun-exposed areas (head, dorsum of hands). Many risk factors have been identified, including age at transplantation, fair skin, type of immunosuppressive drugs, cumulative sun exposure, viral infections, and various genetic markers. Patients with a first NMSC have a 49 times higher risk of developing a subsequent NMSC. Skin self-examination and photoprotection should be encouraged in all transplanted patients. Long-term skin surveillance, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of any suspicious lesion, reduction of immunosuppressive therapy, and conversion to m-TOR inhibitors can be also effective measures for reduction of NMSC incidence. CONCLUSIONS NMSC is the most frequent cancer observed in SOTR. Early diagnosis, patient education, and modification of immunosuppression are effective measures for reduction of NMSC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Tessari
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Gomez-Lira M, Tessari G, Mazzola S, Malerba G, Rugiu C, Naldi L, Nacchia F, Valerio F, Anna B, Forni A, Boschiero L, Sandrini S, Faggian G, Girolomoni G, Turco A. Analysis of the 3'UTR of the prostaglandin synthetase-2 (PTGS-2/COX-2) gene in non-melanoma skin cancer after organ transplantation. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:1025-7. [PMID: 21995456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To define the potential involvement of polymorphisms in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of the prostaglandin synthetase-2 (PTGS-2) gene to non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) predisposition after transplantation, we screened for genetic variant, relevant parts of this region. It contains binding sites for trans-acting factors, an alternative polyadenylation site and putative target sequences for miRNAs. Variant +8473T>C did not appear to play a functional role in the regulation of gene expression in human keratinocyte-transfected cells. In addition to the well-known +8473T>C, we identified four polymorphisms: +8293G>C, +10259T>G, +10267G>A and +10335G>A. No allele frequency differences were observed between cases and controls neither for +8473T>C nor for any of the identified polymorphisms, suggesting that polymorphisms in the 3'UTR of the PTGS2 gene are rare and unlikely to represent risk factor for NMSC after transplantation.
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Sampogna F, Bavinck JNB, Pawlita M, Abeni D, Harwood CA, Proby CM, Feltkamp MCW, Euvrard S, Naldi L, Neale RE, Nindl I, Pfister H, Quint WGV, Waterboer T. Factors associated with the seroprevalence of 26 cutaneous and two genital human papillomavirus types in organ transplant patients. J Gen Virol 2011; 93:165-174. [PMID: 21900419 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.035493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral skin infections are commonly present in organ transplant recipients (OTR). In this study, we aimed to identify factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in OTR. Patients with solid-organ transplants were recruited from the outpatient nephrology and dermatology clinics in five European countries. Only patients with no current or past skin cancer were included in this analysis. Serum samples were analysed for antibodies to the L1 proteins of 26 cutaneous and two genital HPV types from five phylogenetic genera (α, β, γ, μ and ν). The most consistent association was found between recreational sun exposure and the seroprevalence of all tested genera, except α. The antibody presence of any β type was higher among people who had been transplanted at least 23 years prior to participation than in those who had been transplanted for less than 7 years. The prevalence of two γ-HPV types (60 and 65) and three β-HPV types (15, 38 and 49) was associated with time since transplantation. The presence of a high number of warts was associated with the presence of any μ-PV or ν-PV types, and having greater than 50 keratotic skin lesions was almost significantly associated with the presence of antibodies to two or more γ-PV. Discrepancies in the results of the present study, as well as in previous reports, may depend on different methodologies and on geographical variations. Our results also indicate that further research with more standardized methods is needed to clarify the role of cutaneous HPV in OTR.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Europe/epidemiology
- Female
- Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology
- Genital Diseases, Female/immunology
- Genital Diseases, Female/virology
- Genital Diseases, Male/epidemiology
- Genital Diseases, Male/immunology
- Genital Diseases, Male/virology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Papillomaviridae/classification
- Papillomaviridae/genetics
- Papillomaviridae/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/virology
- Phylogeny
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Skin Diseases, Viral/epidemiology
- Skin Diseases, Viral/immunology
- Skin Diseases, Viral/virology
- Transplants/adverse effects
- Transplants/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sampogna
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - J N Bouwes Bavinck
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Pawlita
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Abeni
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C A Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - C M Proby
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - M C W Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Euvrard
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - L Naldi
- Department of Dermatology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
| | - R E Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - I Nindl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Pfister
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - W G V Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Voorburg, The Netherlands
| | - T Waterboer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Proby CM, Harwood CA, Neale RE, Green AC, Euvrard S, Naldi L, Tessari G, Feltkamp MCW, de Koning MNC, Quint WGV, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Weissenborn S, Wieland U, Pfister H, Stockfleth E, Nindl I, Abeni D, Schegget JT, Bouwes Bavinck JN. A case-control study of betapapillomavirus infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:1498-508. [PMID: 21718442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between betapapillomavirus (betaPV) infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in organ transplant recipients. A total of 210 organ transplant recipients with previous SCC and 394 controls without skin cancer were included. The presence of 25 betaPV types in plucked eyebrow hairs was determined using a human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping assay, and antibodies for the 15 most prevalent betaPV types were detected using multiplex serology. We used multivariate logistic regression models to estimate associations between various measures of betaPV infection and SCC. BetaPV DNA was highly prevalent (>94%) with multiple types frequently detected in both groups. We found a significant association between SCC and the concordant detection of both antibodies and DNA for at least one betaPV type (adjusted OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1;2.5). A borderline-significant association with SCC was found for HPV36 (adjusted OR 2.4; CI 1.0;5.4), with similar associations for HPV5, HPV9 and HPV24. These data provide further evidence of an association between betaPV infection and SCC in organ transplant recipients. Confirmation of a betaPV profile predictive of risk for SCC may pave the way for clinically relevant pretransplant HPV screening and the development of preventive and therapeutic HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Proby
- Members of the EPI-HPV-UV-CA group are: Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London.
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19
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AGUAYO RAFAEL, SORIA XAVIER, ABAL LEANDRO, SANMARTN VERONICA, MARTí ROSAMARIA, BARADAD MANEL, VELASCO ANA, EGIDO RAMON, GATIUS SONIA, CASANOVA JOSEPMANEL. Bowen's Disease Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Nail Bed. Dermatol Surg 2011; 37:116-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Youn SM, Lee JH, Park WS, Song DK, Suh SI, Kim DK. No association between genital-mucosal human papilloma virus infection and keratoacanthoma in Korean patients. J Cutan Pathol 2010; 38:256-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Purdie KJ, Pourreyron C, Fassihi H, Cepeda-Valdes R, Frew JW, Volz A, Weissenborn SJ, Pfister H, Proby CM, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Murrell DF, Salas-Alanis JC, McGrath JA, Leigh IM, Harwood CA, South AP. No evidence that human papillomavirus is responsible for the aggressive nature of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-associated squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2853-5. [PMID: 20739945 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Alexandroff A, Flohr C, Johnston G. Updates from the British Association of Dermatologists 89th Annual Meeting, 7-10 July 2009, Glasgow, U.K. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:27-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Begnini A, Tessari G, Turco A, Malerba G, Naldi L, Gotti E, Boschiero L, Forni A, Rugiu C, Piaserico S, Fortina A, Brunello A, Cascone C, Girolomoni G, Gomez Lira M. PTCH1
gene haplotype association with basal cell carcinoma after transplantation. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:364-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Meeuwis KAP, van Rossum MM, van de Kerkhof PCM, Hoitsma AJ, Massuger LFAG, de Hullu JA. Skin cancer and (pre)malignancies of the female genital tract in renal transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2010; 23:191-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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