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Oh KS, Mahalingam M. Melanoma and Glioblastoma-Not a Serendipitous Association. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:00125480-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36624550 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms. This is followed by studies detailing genetic abnormalities common to both malignancies with a view to identifying unifying genetic targets for therapeutic strategies as well as to explore the possibility of a putative association and an inherited cancer susceptibility trait. From a scientific perspective, we believe we have provided evidence favoring an association between melanoma and glioma. Future studies that include documentation of additional cases, as well as a detailed molecular analyses, will lend credence to our hypothesis that the co-occurrence of these 2 conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shing Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA-Integrated-Service-Network-1 (VISN1), West Roxbury, MA
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2
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Manganelli M, Guida S, Ferretta A, Pellacani G, Porcelli L, Azzariti A, Guida G. Behind the Scene: Exploiting MC1R in Skin Cancer Risk and Prevention. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1093. [PMID: 34356109 PMCID: PMC8305013 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most frequent cancers of the skin in white populations. An increased risk in the development of skin cancers has been associated with the combination of several environmental factors (i.e., ultraviolet exposure) and genetic background, including melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) status. In the last few years, advances in the diagnosis of skin cancers provided a great impact on clinical practice. Despite these advances, NMSCs are still the most common malignancy in humans and melanoma still shows a rising incidence and a poor prognosis when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Efforts are required to underlie the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of melanoma and NMSCs, leading to an optimization of the management of affected patients. The clinical implications of the impact of germline MC1R variants in melanoma and NMSCs' risk, together with the additional risk conferred by somatic mutations in other peculiar genes, as well as the role of MC1R screening in skin cancers' prevention will be addressed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Manganelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
- DMMT-Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Guida
- Department of Surgical-Medical-Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant-Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Anna Ferretta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
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Chan SH, Chiang J, Ngeow J. CDKN2A germline alterations and the relevance of genotype-phenotype associations in cancer predisposition. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:21. [PMID: 33766116 PMCID: PMC7992806 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although CDKN2A is well-known as a susceptibility gene for melanoma and pancreatic cancer, germline variants have also been anecdotally associated with a broader range of neoplasms including neural system tumors, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, breast carcinomas, as well as sarcomas. The CDKN2A gene encodes for two distinct tumor suppressor proteins, p16INK4A and p14ARF, however, the independent association of germline alterations affecting these two proteins with cancer is under-appreciated. Here, we reviewed CDKN2A germline alterations reported among individuals and families with cancer in the literature, specifically addressing the cancer phenotypes in relation to the molecular consequence on p16INK4A and p14ARF. While melanoma is observed to associate with variants affecting both p16INK4A and p14ARF transcripts, it is noted that variants affecting p14ARF are more frequently observed with a heterogenous range of cancers. Finally, we reflected on the implications of this inferred genotype-phenotype association in clinical practice and proposed that clinical management of CDKN2A germline variant carriers should involve dedicated cancer genetics services, with multidisciplinary input from various healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sock Hoai Chan
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jianbang Chiang
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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A Single Center Retrospective Review of Patients from Central Italy Tested for Melanoma Predisposition Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249432. [PMID: 33322357 PMCID: PMC7763813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most common skin cancers worldwide. CMM pathogenesis involves genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have led to the identification of new genes involved in CMM susceptibility: beyond CDKN2A and CDK4, BAP1, POT1, and MITF were recently identified as potential high-risk melanoma susceptibility genes. This study is aimed to evaluate the genetic predisposition to CMM in patients from central Italy. From 1998 to 2017, genetic testing was performed in 888 cases with multiple primary melanoma and/or familial melanoma. Genetic analyses included the sequencing CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, POT1, and MITF in 202 cases, and of only CDKN2A and CDK4 codon 24 in 686 patients. By the evaluation of the personal and familial history, patients were divided in two clinical categories: “low significance” and “high significance” cases. 128 patients (72% belonging to the “high significance” category, 28% belonging to the “low significance” category) were found to carry a DNA change defined as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variant of unknown significance (VUS)-favoring pathogenic or VUS. It is important to verify the genetic predisposition in CMM patients for an early diagnosis of further melanomas and/or other tumors associated with the characterized genotype.
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CDKN2A Polymorphism in Melanoma Patients in Colombian Population: A Case-Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7458917. [PMID: 33102592 PMCID: PMC7576359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7458917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, with poor prognosis in advanced stages. The incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. Single nucleotide polymorphisms p.R24P, p.M53I, p.G101W, p.V126D, and p.A148T in the CDKN2A (HGNC ID: 1787) gene have been associated with the development of melanoma in different populations; however, this association has not been studied in Colombia. Methods Cutaneous melanoma patients and healthy controls (85 cases and 166 controls) were included in this study. These subjects were screened through HRM-qPCR assay and detected variants in exon 1 and 2 of CDKN2A gene and confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Chi-square test was used to compare allele and genotype distributions between cases and controls. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to determine the association between polymorphisms and haplotypes with melanoma susceptibility. Statistical and haplotype analyses were performed using Stata® and R-Studio®. Results Fifty-four percent of women were identified both in cases and controls. The frequencies of melanoma subtypes were 36,47% lentigo maligna, 24,71% acral lentiginous, 23,53% superficial extension, and 15,29% nodular. Variants in the CDKN2A gene were 11.76% in cases and 8.43% in controls. The most frequent was p.A148T in 5.88% of cases and in 4.82% of controls. GGTTG haplotype showed statistically significant differences between cases and controls (p value = 0.04). Conclusion CDKN2A polymorphisms p.G101W, p.R24P, p.M53I, and A148T are not associated with melanoma susceptibility in the Colombian population; further studies regarding genetic interaction and additive effects between more variants are required.
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MC1R variants and associations with pigmentation characteristics and genetic ancestry in a Hispanic, predominately Puerto Rican, population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7303. [PMID: 32350296 PMCID: PMC7190662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer risk information based on melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) variants could inform prevention and screening recommendations for Hispanics, but limited evidence exists on the impact of MC1R variants in Hispanic populations. We studied Hispanic subjects, predominately of Puerto Rican heritage, from Tampa, Florida, US, and Ponce, PR. Blood or saliva samples were collected by prospective recruitment or retrieved from biobanks for genotyping of MC1R variants and ancestry informative markers. Participant demographic and self-reported phenotypic information was collected via biobank records or questionnaires. We determined associations of MC1R genetic risk categories and phenotypic variables and genetic ancestry. Over half of participants carried MC1R variants known to increase risk of skin cancer, and there was diversity in the observed variants across sample populations. Associations between MC1R genetic risk groups and some pigmentation characteristics were identified. Among Puerto Ricans, the proportion of participants carrying MC1R variants imparting elevated skin cancer risk was consistent across quartiles of European, African, and Native American genetic ancestry. These findings demonstrate that MC1R variants are important for pigmentation characteristics in Hispanics and that carriage of high risk MC1R alleles occurs even among Hispanics with stronger African or Native American genetic ancestry.
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Characterization of individuals at high risk of developing melanoma in Latin America: bases for genetic counseling in melanoma. Genet Med 2015; 18:727-36. [PMID: 26681309 PMCID: PMC4940430 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: CDKN2A is the main high-risk melanoma-susceptibility gene, but it has been poorly assessed in Latin America. We sought to analyze CDKN2A and MC1R in patients from Latin America with familial and sporadic multiple primary melanoma (SMP) and compare the data with those for patients from Spain to establish bases for melanoma genetic counseling in Latin America. Genet Med18 7, 727–736. Methods: CDKN2A and MC1R were sequenced in 186 Latin American patients from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay, and in 904 Spanish patients. Clinical and phenotypic data were obtained. Genet Med18 7, 727–736. Results: Overall, 24 and 14% of melanoma-prone families in Latin America and Spain, respectively, had mutations in CDKN2A. Latin American families had CDKN2A mutations more frequently (P = 0.014) than Spanish ones. Of patients with SMP, 10% of those from Latin America and 8.5% of those from Spain had mutations in CDKN2A (P = 0.623). The most recurrent CDKN2A mutations were c.-34G>T and p.G101W. Latin American patients had fairer hair (P = 0.016) and skin (P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of MC1R variants (P = 0.003) compared with Spanish patients. Genet Med18 7, 727–736. Conclusion: The inclusion criteria for genetic counseling of melanoma in Latin America may be the same criteria used in Spain, as suggested in areas with low to medium incidence, SMP with at least two melanomas, or families with at least two cases among first- or second-degree relatives. Genet Med18 7, 727–736.
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Potrony M, Badenas C, Aguilera P, Puig-Butille JA, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Update in genetic susceptibility in melanoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:210. [PMID: 26488006 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most deadly of the common skin cancers and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Approximately 10% of cases occur in a familial context. To date, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), which was identified as the first melanoma susceptibility gene more than 20 years ago, is the main high-risk gene for melanoma. A few years later cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was also identified as a melanoma susceptibility gene. The technologic advances have allowed the identification of new genes involved in melanoma susceptibility: Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) associated protein 1 (BAP1), CXC genes, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), protection of telomeres 1 (POT1), ACD and TERF2IP, the latter four being involved in telomere maintenance. Furthermore variants in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) give a moderately increased risk to develop melanoma. Melanoma genetic counseling is offered to families in order to better understand the disease and the genetic susceptibility of developing it. Genetic counseling often implies genetic testing, although patients can benefit from genetic counseling even when they do not fulfill the criteria for these tests. Genetic testing for melanoma predisposition mutations can be used in clinical practice under adequate selection criteria and giving a valid test interpretation and genetic counseling to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Potrony
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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de Ávila ALR, Krepischi ACV, Moredo LF, Aguiar TFM, da Silva FC, de Sá BCS, de Nóbrega AF, Achatz MIW, Duprat JP, Landman G, Carraro DM. Germline CDKN2A mutations in Brazilian patients of hereditary cutaneous melanoma. Fam Cancer 2014; 13:645-9. [PMID: 25023876 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 10 % of all cutaneous melanoma cases occur in a familial context. The major susceptibility gene for familial melanoma is CDKN2A. In Latin America, genetic studies investigating melanoma predisposition are scarce. The aim of this work was to investigate germline CDKN2A point mutations and genomic rearrangements in a cohort of 59 Brazilian melanoma-prone patients. Screening of CDKN2A alterations was performed by sequencing and multiplex ligation probe amplification. Germline CDKN2A mutations affecting p16(INK4a) were detected in 8 unrelated probands (13.6 %), including 7 familial cases and one patient with multiple melanomas; 4 out of 8 mutation carriers met the criteria for familial melanoma and had multiple primary lesions. Although this study adds to the literature on melanoma susceptibility in Latin America, it is limited by the small size of the cohort. Our findings suggest that stringent inclusion criteria led to a substantially increased rate of CDKN2A mutation detection. This consideration should be taken into account when referring patients for genetic screening in a setting of limited budget, such as in developing countries.
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Harland M, Cust AE, Badenas C, Chang YM, Holland EA, Aguilera P, Aitken JF, Armstrong BK, Barrett JH, Carrera C, Chan M, Gascoyne J, Giles GG, Agha-Hamilton C, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Kanetsky PA, Kefford RF, Kolm I, Lowery J, Malvehy J, Ogbah Z, Puig-Butille JA, Orihuela-Segalés J, Randerson-Moor JA, Schmid H, Taylor CF, Whitaker L, Bishop DT, Mann GJ, Newton-Bishop JA, Puig S. Prevalence and predictors of germline CDKN2A mutations for melanoma cases from Australia, Spain and the United Kingdom. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2014; 12:20. [PMID: 25780468 PMCID: PMC4361137 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the CDKN2A and CDK4 genes predispose to melanoma. From three case-control studies of cutaneous melanoma, we estimated the prevalence and predictors of these mutations for people from regions with widely differing latitudes and melanoma incidence. METHODS Population-based cases and controls from the United Kingdom (1586 cases, 499 controls) and Australia (596 early-onset cases, 476 controls), and a hospital-based series from Spain (747 cases, 109 controls), were screened for variants in all exons of CDKN2A and the p16INK4A binding domain of CDK4. RESULTS The prevalence of mutations for people with melanoma was similar across regions: 2.3%, 2.5% and 2.0% for Australia, Spain and the United Kingdom respectively. The strongest predictors of carrying a mutation were having multiple primaries (odds ratio (OR) = 5.4, 95% confidence interval (CI: 2.5, 11.6) for 2 primaries and OR = 32.4 (95% CI: 14.7, 71.2) for 3 or more compared with 1 primary only); and family history (OR = 3.8; 95% CI:1.89, 7.5) for 1 affected first- or second-degree relative and OR = 23.2 (95% CI: 11.3, 47.6) for 2 or more compared with no affected relatives). Only 1.1% of melanoma cases with neither a family history nor multiple primaries had mutations. CONCLUSIONS There is a low probability (<2%) of detecting a germline CDKN2A mutation in people with melanoma except for those with a strong family history of melanoma (≥2 affected relatives, 25%), three or more primary melanomas (29%), or more than one primary melanoma who also have other affected relatives (27%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Harland
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anne E Cust
- />Cancer Epidemiology and Services Research (CESR), Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Celia Badenas
- />Dermatology Department and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- />Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Holland
- />Westmead Institute for Cancer Research and Melanoma Institute, Australia, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Aguilera
- />Dermatology Department and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- />Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- />Viertel Centre for Research in Cancer Control, The Cancer Council Queensland, Spring Hill, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bruce K Armstrong
- />Cancer Epidemiology and Services Research (CESR), Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Barrett
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cristina Carrera
- />Dermatology Department and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- />Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - May Chan
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanne Gascoyne
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- />Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- />Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chantelle Agha-Hamilton
- />Westmead Institute for Cancer Research and Melanoma Institute, Australia, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- />Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- />Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Richard F Kefford
- />Westmead Institute for Cancer Research and Melanoma Institute, Australia, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isabel Kolm
- />Westmead Institute for Cancer Research and Melanoma Institute, Australia, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johanna Lowery
- />Genomics Facility, Leeds Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Josep Malvehy
- />Dermatology Department and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- />Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zighereda Ogbah
- />Dermatology Department and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan-Anton Puig-Butille
- />Dermatology Department and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- />Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juliette A Randerson-Moor
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Helen Schmid
- />Westmead Institute for Cancer Research and Melanoma Institute, Australia, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire F Taylor
- />Genomics Facility, Leeds Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Linda Whitaker
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham J Mann
- />Westmead Institute for Cancer Research and Melanoma Institute, Australia, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia A Newton-Bishop
- />Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susana Puig
- />Dermatology Department and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- />Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Potrony M, Puig-Butillé JA, Aguilera P, Badenas C, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Increased prevalence of lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers in addition to melanoma risk in families bearing the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A mutation: implications for genetic counseling. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:888-95. [PMID: 25064638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is the major high-risk susceptibility gene for melanoma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of CDKN2A mutations in Spanish patients with a high risk of developing melanoma and the association with clinical and family history features. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used to analyze the CDKN2A impact in 702 Spanish patients with a high risk of developing melanoma. RESULTS The CDKN2A mutation prevalence was 8.5% in patients with sporadic multiple primary melanoma and 14.1% in familial melanoma. Number of cases in the family, number of primary melanomas, and age of onset were associated with the presence of CDKN2A mutation. Having a CDKN2A mutation in the family increased the prevalence of other cancers (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.99, P=.012) and prevalence of pancreatic (PR 2.97, P=.006), lung (PR 3.04, P<.001), and breast (PR 2.19, P=.018) cancers but not nephrourologic or colon cancer. LIMITATIONS Smoking status was not assessed in the individuals with lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Melanoma-prone families with mutations in CDKN2A have an increased prevalence of a broad spectrum of cancers including lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer. This information should be included in genetic counseling and cancer prevention programs for CDKN2A mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Potrony
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butillé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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Puig-Butille JA, Escámez MJ, Garcia-Garcia F, Tell-Marti G, Fabra À, Martínez-Santamaría L, Badenas C, Aguilera P, Pevida M, Dopazo J, del Río M, Puig S. Capturing the biological impact of CDKN2A and MC1R genes as an early predisposing event in melanoma and non melanoma skin cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:1439-51. [PMID: 24742402 PMCID: PMC4039222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in CDKN2A and/or red hair color variants in MC1R genes are associated with an increased susceptibility to develop cutaneous melanoma or non melanoma skin cancer. We studied the impact of the CDKN2A germinal mutation p.G101W and MC1R variants on gene expression and transcription profiles associated with skin cancer. To this end we set-up primary skin cell co-cultures from siblings of melanoma prone-families that were later analyzed using the expression array approach. As a result, we found that 1535 transcripts were deregulated in CDKN2A mutated cells, with over-expression of immunity-related genes (HLA-DPB1, CLEC2B, IFI44, IFI44L, IFI27, IFIT1, IFIT2, SP110 and IFNK) and down-regulation of genes playing a role in the Notch signaling pathway. 3570 transcripts were deregulated in MC1R variant carriers. In particular, genes related to oxidative stress and DNA damage pathways were up-regulated as well as genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer and Huntington. Finally, we observed that the expression signatures indentified in phenotypically normal cells carrying CDKN2A mutations or MC1R variants are maintained in skin cancer tumors (melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma). These results indicate that transcriptome deregulation represents an early event critical for skin cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Escámez
- Regenerative Medicine Unit. Epithelial Biomedicine Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering. Universidad Carlos III (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Garcia
- Functional Genomics Node, National Institute of Bioinformatics, CIPF Valencia, Spain
- Department of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Tell-Marti
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Fabra
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group. Molecular Oncology Lab, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Martínez-Santamaría
- Regenerative Medicine Unit. Epithelial Biomedicine Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering. Universidad Carlos III (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pevida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Tissue Engineering Unit. Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos del Principado de Asturias (CCST), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Functional Genomics Node, National Institute of Bioinformatics, CIPF Valencia, Spain
- Department of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcela del Río
- Regenerative Medicine Unit. Epithelial Biomedicine Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering. Universidad Carlos III (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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Barquet V, Dufrechou L, Nicoletti S, Acosta M, Magliano J, Martínez M, Larre Borges A. Dermoscopic Patterns of 158 Acral Melanocytic Nevi in a Latin American Population. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Barquet V, Dufrechou L, Nicoletti S, Acosta MA, Magliano J, Martínez M, Larre Borges A. Dermoscopic patterns of 158 acral melanocytic nevi in a Latin American population. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:586-92. [PMID: 23985085 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanocytic nevi are frequently found on acral volar skin. Differentiation between nevi and melanoma is essential and sometimes difficult, although dermoscopy has enabled a more specific diagnosis of pigmented lesions. Dermoscopic patterns of lesions on acral volar skin have mostly been described in European and Asian populations. The Latin American population is heterogeneous, and particularly so in the case of Uruguayans, who largely descend from 3 distinct populations. OBJECTIVE To describe dermoscopic patterns of acral melanocytic nevi and evaluate their applicability in a Latin American population in Uruguay. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted by 2 dermatologists from 4 dermatology clinics in Uruguay. Uruguayan patients older than 18 years with acral melanocytic nevi were included. Digital dermoscopic images were captured and jointly analyzed by 2 investigators. RESULTS A total of 158 acral volar nevi in 80 patients were analyzed. The most-prevalent pattern was the parallel furrow pattern (51.3% of nevi), followed by the latticelike pattern (13.3%), the homogeneous pattern (12.7%), the globular pattern (9.5%), the fibrillar pattern (7%), the globulostreaklike pattern (3.8%), and the nontypical pattern (2.5%). The reticular and transition patterns were not observed in our population. CONCLUSIONS The parallel furrow pattern, followed by the latticelike and homogeneous patterns, was the most-prevalent pattern in acral melanocytic nevi in the Uruguayan population. The fibrillar pattern was found exclusively on the soles. No new dermoscopic patterns were observed. The patterns described in Asian and European literature apply to our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Barquet
- Unidad de Lesiones Pigmentadas, Cátedra de Dermatología del Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Grazziotin TC, Rey MCW, Bica CG, Pinto LA, Bonamigo RR, Puig-Butille JA, Cuellar F, Puig S. Genetic variations of patients with familial or multiple melanoma in Southern Brazil. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e179-85. [PMID: 22621339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with familial melanoma or multiple primary melanoma represent a high-risk population to hereditary melanoma. Mutations in susceptibility genes, such as CDKN2A, CDK4 and MC1R, have been associated with the development of melanoma. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the genotypic background of patients with familial and/or multiple melanoma in southern Brazil. METHODS This study analysed 33 cases (5 patients with multiple primary melanoma and 28 patients from families with at least two well documented cases) and 29 controls. Genomic analysis of CDKN2A and CDK4 genes by PCR-SSCP analysis and sequencing and direct sequencing of MC1R were performed in all individuals. RESULTS No functional mutations in CDKN2A or CDK4 were detected in the 62 individuals. Infrequent variants in polymorphic loci of CDKN2A gene were identified in 15 participants (24.2%) and 24/33 (72.8%) cases and 19/27 (70.4%) controls reported at least one infrequent variant in MC1R (P = 0.372). Furthermore, a non-significant tendency towards an association between melanoma risk and MC1R variants G274A and C451T and a non-significant linear tendency to the number of infrequent high-risk variants in MC1R were observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in southern Brazilian population, CDKN2A or CDK4 germinal alterations may have a weaker influence than previously thought and environmental risk factors may play a central role in melanoma susceptibility. However, considering the tendency observed for gene MC1R, low-penetrance genes may be a relevant aetiological factor in southern Brazil with fair skin population and high sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Grazziotin
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Fargnoli MC, Gandini S, Peris K, Maisonneuve P, Raimondi S. MC1R variants increase melanoma risk in families with CDKN2A mutations: A meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1413-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Alexandroff A, Flohr C, Johnston G. Updates from the British Association of Dermatologists 89th Annual Meeting, 7-10 July 2009, Glasgow, U.K. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:27-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Management of melanoma families. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:549-66. [PMID: 24281082 PMCID: PMC3835091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we have aimed to focus on the clinical management of familial melanoma patients and their relatives. Along this line three major topics will be discussed: (1) management/screening of familial melanoma families: what is advised and what is the evidence thereof; (2) variability of families worldwide with regard to clinical phenotype, including cancer spectrum and likelihood of finding germline mutations and (3) background information for clinicians on the molecular biology of familial melanoma and recent developments in this field.
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Corrigenda. Br J Dermatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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