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Kawahara T, Inoue S, Fujita K, Mizushima T, Ide H, Yamaguchi S, Fushimi H, Nonomura N, Miyamoto H. NFATc1 Expression as a Prognosticator in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:318-323. [PMID: 28327458 PMCID: PMC5358926 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that NFATc1, a member of the NFAT family and a key regulator of the immune response, could induce bladder carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we immunohistochemically stained for NFATc1 in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) specimens and paired nonneoplastic urothelial tissues. NFATc1 was positive in 51 [52%; 40 (40%) weak (1+), 9 (9%) moderate (2+), and 2 (2%) strong (3+)] of 99 UUTUCs, which was significantly higher than in benign urothelium [30 (36%) of 83; 28 (34%) weak and 2 (2%) moderate] (0 vs 1+/2+/3+, P=.038; 0/1+ vs 2+/3+, P=.023). There were no significant associations between NFATc1 expression pattern and tumor grade or pT stage. However, the positive rates of NFATc1 expression tended to be higher in renal pelvic tumors (60%) than in ureteral tumors (42%; P=.080) as well as in pN+ tumors (75%) than in pN0 tumors (49%; P=.089). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests revealed that moderate (2+) to strong (3+) NFATc1 expression correlated with lower progression-free survival (P=.032) and cancer-specific survival (P=.005) rates in the 99 cases. Patients with high (2+/3+) NFATc1 muscle-invasive tumor (n=9) also had a significantly higher risk of cancer-specific mortality (P=.021) compared to those with low (0/1+) NFATc1 muscle-invasive tumor (n=53). Thus, compared with nonneoplastic urothelium, a significant increase in the expression of NFATc1 in UUTUC was seen, implying the involvement of NFATc1 signals in the development of UUTUC. The current results further suggest that NFATc1 overexpression serves as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with UUTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fushimi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Kawahara T, Kashiwagi E, Ide H, Li Y, Zheng Y, Ishiguro H, Miyamoto H. The role of NFATc1 in prostate cancer progression: cyclosporine A and tacrolimus inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Prostate 2015; 75:573-84. [PMID: 25631176 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), a well-characterized regulator of the immune response, in prostate cancer progression remains largely unknown. We aim to investigate biological significance of NFATc1, a NFAT isoform shown to function as an oncogene in a sarcoma model, in human prostate cancer. METHODS We first determined the expression levels of NFAT in prostate cell lines and tissue specimens. We then assessed the effects of NFAT inhibition via NFATc1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) as well as immunosuppressants including cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) on prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression levels of NFATc1 were significantly elevated in prostatic carcinomas, compared with non-neoplastic prostate or high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissues, and in high-grade (Gleason scores ≥7) tumors. NFATc1 positivity in carcinomas, as an independent prognosticator, also correlated with the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. In prostate cancer cell lines, CsA and FK506 inhibited NFATc1 expression and its nuclear translocation, NFAT transcriptional activity, and the expression of c-myc, a downstream target of NFAT. NFAT silencing or treatment with these NFAT inhibitors resulted in decreases in cell viability/colony formation and cell migration/invasion, as well as increases in apoptosis, in androgen receptor (AR)-negative, AR-positive/androgen-sensitive, and AR-positive/castration-resistant lines. No significant additional inhibition in the growth of NFAT-siRNA cells by CsA and FK506 was seen, whereas these agents, especially FK506, further inhibited their invasion. In xenograft-bearing mice, CsA and FK506 significantly retarded tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NFATc1 plays an important role in prostate cancer outgrowth. Thus, NFATc1 inactivation, especially using CsA and FK506, has the potential of being a therapeutic approach for not only hormone-naïve but also castration-resistant prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Kawahara T, Kashiwagi E, Ide H, Li Y, Zheng Y, Miyamoto Y, Netto GJ, Ishiguro H, Miyamoto H. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus inhibit bladder cancer growth through down-regulation of NFATc1. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1582-93. [PMID: 25638160 PMCID: PMC4359316 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), a key regulator of the immune response, in bladder cancer progression remains uncertain. In this study, we assessed biological significance of NFAT in human bladder cancer. Immunohistochemistry detected nuclear/cytoplasmic NFATc1 signals in 14 (21.5%)/34 (52.3%), respectively, of 65 muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas and showed that patients with nuclear NFATc1-positive tumor had a significantly higher risk of disease progression (P = 0.006). In bladder cancer cell lines, cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), immunosuppressant drugs/non-selective NFAT inhibitors, attenuated NFATc1 expression and its nuclear translocation, NFAT transcriptional activity, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and c-myc, downstream targets of NFATc1. NFAT inhibition via NFATc1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) or treatment with these NFAT inhibitors resulted in decreases in cell viability/colony formation, cell migration/invasion, and the expression/activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as an increase in apoptosis, in the parental/control lines. No significant additional inhibition in the viability and invasion of NFATc1-siRNA cells was seen. In xenograft-bearing mice, CsA and FK506 significantly retarded tumor growth. These results suggest that NFATc1 plays an important role in bladder cancer outgrowth. Thus, NFATc1 inactivation, especially using CsA and FK506, has the potential of being a therapeutic approach for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yichun Zheng
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yurina Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - George J. Netto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hitoshi Ishiguro
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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An illustrative case of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. J Skin Cancer 2011; 2011:824528. [PMID: 21461360 PMCID: PMC3065054 DOI: 10.1155/2011/824528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a very rare form of skin lymphoma that is localized primarily to the subcutaneous adipose tissue without palpable involvement of the lymph nodes. Diagnosis of SPTCL is a challenge, especially during its early phases when symptoms mimic other, more common conditions, such as benign panniculitis, eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis and cellulitis. Clinical and systemic features are nonspecific and can include fever, chills, and weight loss. Further complicating diagnosis is the high number of false negatives provided by biopsy. Here we present a case of SPTCL that illustrates the full course of the disease, from presentation and multiple misdiagnoses to correct disease recognition and successful treatment. A review of the challenges of diagnosis is provided with recommendations for more accurate and timely recognition of SPTCL.
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