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Torre-Castro J, Ríos-Viñuela E, Balaguer-Franch I, Díaz de Lezcano I, Aguado-García Á, Nájera L, Suárez D, Requena L. Perineural Infiltration: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications. Am J Dermatopathol 2024; 46:271-286. [PMID: 38457673 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Perineural infiltration refers to a neoplastic cell involvement in, around, and through the nerves. It is considered as one of the neoplastic dissemination pathways. Thus, its identification is crucial to establish the prognosis of some malignant skin neoplasms, such as squamous cell carcinoma, and explains the locally aggressive behavior of cutaneous neoplasms, such as microcystic adnexal carcinoma. We have conducted a review of malignant and benign skin tumors in which perineural infiltration has been described, and we also discuss some histopathological findings that may simulate perineural infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Torre-Castro
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Ríos-Viñuela
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Escuela de Doctorado Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Nájera
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Suárez
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Bugara B, Durbas M, Kudrycka M, Malinowska A, Horwacik I, Rokita H. Silencing of the PHLDA1 leads to global proteome changes and differentiation pathways of human neuroblastoma cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1351536. [PMID: 38495105 PMCID: PMC10941682 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1351536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor originating from the abnormal development of cells of the sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest. Targeting GD2 ganglioside (GD2), a glycolipid expressed on neuroblastoma cells, with GD2 ganglioside-recognizing antibodies affects several pivotal signaling routes that drive or influence the malignant phenotype of the cells. Previously performed gene expression profiling helped us to identify the PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1) gene as the most upregulated gene in the IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells treated with the mouse 14G2a monoclonal antibody. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses were applied to better characterize a role of PHLDA1 protein in the response of neuroblastoma cells to chimeric ch14.18/CHO antibody. Additionally, global protein expression profile analysis in the IMR-32 cell line with PHLDA1 silencing revealed the increase in biological functions of mitochondria, accompanied by differentiation-like phenotype of the cells. Moreover, mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins co-immunoprecipitated using anti-PHLDA1-specific antibody, selected a group of possible PHLDA1 binding partners. Also, a more detailed analysis suggested that PHLDA1 interacts with the DCAF7/AUTS2 complex, a key component of neuronal differentiation in vitro. Importantly, our results indicate that PHLDA1 silencing enhances the EGF receptor signaling pathway and combinatory treatment of gefitinib and ch14.18/CHO antibodies might be beneficial for neuroblastoma patients. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD044319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Bugara
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Durbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maja Kudrycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Horwacik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Rokita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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3
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Conte S, Ghezelbash S, Nallanathan B, Lefrançois P. Clinical and Molecular Features of Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9906-9928. [PMID: 37999140 PMCID: PMC10670319 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, with a lifetime risk currently approaching up to 40% in Caucasians. Among these, some clinical and pathological BCC variants pose a higher risk due to their more aggressive biological behavior. Morpheaform BCC (morBCC), also known as sclerosing, fibrosing, or morpheic BCC, represents up to 5-10% of all BCC. Overall, morBCC carries a poorer prognosis due to late presentation, local tissue destruction, tumor recurrence, and higher frequency of metastasis. In this systematic review, we review the epidemiological, clinical, morphological, dermatoscopical, and molecular features of morBCC. After the title and abstract screening of 222 studies and the full-text review of 84 studies, a total of 54 studies met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Conte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
| | - Sarah Ghezelbash
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (S.G.); (B.N.)
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Bonika Nallanathan
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (S.G.); (B.N.)
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Philippe Lefrançois
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (S.G.); (B.N.)
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Lai J, Chen G, Wu Z, Yu S, Huang R, Zeng Y, Lin W, Fan C, Chen X. PHLDA1 modulates microglial response and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105973. [PMID: 36875102 PMCID: PMC9982097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing microglia M1/M2 polarization is an effective therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in immune response. However, the function roles of PHLDA1 in neuroinflammation and microglial polarization after SAH remain unclear. In this study, SAH mouse models were assigned to treat with scramble or PHLDA1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). We observed that PHLDA1 was significantly increased and mainly distributed in microglia after SAH. Concomitant with PHLDA1 activation, nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression in microglia was also evidently enhanced after SAH. In addition, PHLDA1 siRNA treatment significantly reduced microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting M1 microglia and promoting M2 microglia polarization. Meanwhile, PHLDA1 deficiency reduced neuronal apoptosis and improved neurological outcomes after SAH. Further investigation revealed that PHLDA1 blockade suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling after SAH. In contrast, NLRP3 inflammasome activator nigericin abated the beneficial effects of PHLDA1 deficiency against SAH by promoting microglial polarization to M1 phenotype. In all, we proposed that PHLDA1 blockade might ameliorate SAH-induced brain injury by balancing microglia M1/M2 polarization via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Targeting PHLDA1 might be a feasible strategy for treating SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqing Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Genwang Chen
- Clinical Lab and Medical Diagnostics Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoyang Yu
- Clinical Lab and Medical Diagnostics Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Clinical Lab and Medical Diagnostics Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yile Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weibin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Clinical Lab and Medical Diagnostics Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Cardoso JC, Alves F, Carreira IM, Tellechea O. Basal Cell Carcinomas After Radiotherapy Show More Frequent Follicular Differentiation Than Tumors From Sun-Exposed Areas: Immunohistochemical Study With a Special Focus on Infundibulocystic Basal Cell Carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:879-885. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang WC, Lai YC. DUSP5 and PHLDA1 mutations in mature cystic teratomas of the ovary identified on whole-exome sequencing may explain teratoma characteristics. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:50. [PMID: 36289533 PMCID: PMC9609193 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary are the most common type of germ cell tumor, comprising 33% of ovarian tumors. Studying these tumors may result in a better understanding of their stepwise developmental processes and molecular bases and provide useful information for the development of tissue-engineering technologies. Methods In the present study, 9 mature cystic teratomas of the ovary were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing and the results were compared with the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and dbSNP databases. Results Mutations were validated in 15 genes with alterations in all 9 (100%) samples and changes in protein coding. The top 10 mutated genes were FLG, MUC17, MUC5B, RP1L1, NBPF1, GOLGA6L2, SLC29A3, SGK223, PTGFRN, and FAM186A. Moreover, 7 variants in exons with changes in protein coding are likely of importance in the development of mature cystic teratomas of the ovary, namely PTGFRN, DUSP5, MPP2, PHLDA1, PRR21, GOLGA6L2, and KRTAP4-2. Conclusions These genetic alterations may play an important etiological role in teratoma formation. Moreover, novel mutations in DUSP5 and PHLDA1 genes found on whole-exome sequencing may help to explain the characteristics of teratomas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40246-022-00424-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Wang
- grid.414969.70000 0004 0642 8534Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, 412 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chein Lai
- grid.411641.70000 0004 0532 2041Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan ,grid.411645.30000 0004 0638 9256Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Loss of Pleckstrin homology like domain, family A, member 1 promotes type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysematous phenotype via interaction with tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 151:106297. [PMID: 36108948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emphysematous phenotype is the most important phenotypic component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The current pharmaceutical treatments and therapeutic procedures do not reduce pulmonary damage in patients with emphysematous phenotype. Therefore, it is important to identify effector molecules that can be used as interfering targets in such patients. Apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells plays a key role in the phenotypic formation. This study aimed to further explore the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. The number of type II alveolar epithelial cells was significantly reduced due to increased apoptosis in patients with emphysematous phenotype compared to those with non-emphysematous phenotype. Pleckstrin homology like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA1) was mainly distributed in type II alveolar epithelial cells in both groups but was markedly reduced in patients with emphysematous phenotype. Overexpression of PHLDA1 prevented cigarette smoke extract-stimulated apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells, whereas its knockdown worsened the apoptosis. PHLDA1 binding ability to tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon (YWHAE) was weakened after exposure to cigarette smoke extract, with decreased PHLDA1 level lowering the abundance of YWHAE and attenuating the binding ability of YWHAE to p-Bad. These results demonstrate that considerable apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells occurs in patients with emphysematous phenotype, and PHLDA1 may act as an effective antiapoptotic factor via YWHAE. Moreover, PHLDA1 may serve as a potential interfering target, providing insights into therapeutic strategies for emphysematous phenotype.
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Lee YJ, Han HJ, Kim DY, Yoo CY, Lim JS. Malignant transformation of nevus sebaceous to basal-cell carcinoma: Case series, literature review, and management algorithm. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29988. [PMID: 35945789 PMCID: PMC9351831 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a common congenital hamartoma of the skin composed predominantly of sebaceous glands. Although most NS are benign skin tumors, malignant transformations have been reported. There is still controversy about the lifetime risk of malignant degeneration and precise surgical criteria. This study reports cases of malignant degeneration and suggests a surgical treatment algorithm. The medical records of patients with basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) arising from NS between January 2001 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics including lesion location, and tumor size were investigated. The symptoms, histological findings before and after excision, complications, and recurrence during 2-year follow-up periods were investigated. Ten patients were identified with BCC arising from NS lesions. All patients were female and the mean age was 52.11 years. All patients complained of sudden morphological changes, the most common type being rapid color changes. Two cases had histological findings that showed a miss-match between punch biopsy and excisional biopsy results. No recurrence was detected 2 years after surgeries in any patients. Cases after third stage, especially in over 40 years who report morphologic changes, should undergo total surgical excision as the first approach, with strong suspicion of malignant degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ji Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Hye Ju Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Chang Young Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea
- *Correspondence: JIN SOO LIM, MD, PhD, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Joongbu-Daero 93, Paldal-Gu, Suwon City 16247, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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Mao MQ, Jing J, Miao YJ, Lv ZF. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interaction in Hair Regeneration and Skin Wound Healing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:863786. [PMID: 35492363 PMCID: PMC9048199 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.863786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells influence hair follicles (HFs) during embryonic development and skin regeneration following injury. Exchanging soluble molecules, altering key pathways, and extracellular matrix signal transduction are all part of the interplay between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. In brief, the mesenchyme contains dermal papilla cells, while the hair matrix cells and outer root sheath represent the epithelial cells. This study summarizes typical epithelial–mesenchymal signaling molecules and extracellular components under the control of follicular stem cells, aiming to broaden our current understanding of epithelial–mesenchymal interaction mechanisms in HF regeneration and skin wound healing.
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Pilomatrical Acanthoma: An Extremely Rare Intraepidermal Variant of Pilomatricoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:433-436. [PMID: 35120037 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pilomatrical differentiation can be observed in a variety of benign and malignant tumors, with the most common prototype being pilomatricoma. Pilomatricoma often presents in the deep dermis or subcutis, and the sole involvement of epidermis is extremely rare. In our current case series, specimens from 5 patients were included with an average age of 68 years. All lesions presented as solitary verrucous or keratotic papules on the extremities, with 1 lesion having a prominent horn. All lesions have a variable mixture of basaloid matrical cells and shadow cells, and all lesions express β-catenin (strong nuclear and cytoplasmic), lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 within the matrical component, and pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1. The histomorphology and immunoprofile of all lesions are of pilomatrical differentiation, confined to the level of the epidermis. Based on these findings and analogous to the terminology used for other benign intraepidermal proliferations (hidroacanthoma simplex and epidermolytic acanthoma), we propose the term "pilomatrical acanthoma" for these rare lesions.
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Kervarrec T, Pissaloux D, Poilane J, Tirode F, Tallet A, Collin C, Tallegas M, Berthon P, Gaboriaud P, Sohier P, Calonje E, Luzar B, Goto K, Cokelaere K, Lamant L, Balme B, Wild R, Neuville A, Deschamps L, Auberger E, Paumier V, Bonte H, Moulonguet I, Plantier F, Cales V, Pinsolle V, Roblet D, Dupuy F, Dallot A, Seris A, Jouary T, Houben R, Schrama D, Hesbacher S, Macagno N, Battistella M, Cribier B, Vergier B, Fouchardière A, Jullie M. Recurrent
FOXK1
::
GRHL
and
GPS2
::
GRHL
fusions in trichogerminoma. J Pathol 2022; 257:96-108. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Kervarrec
- Department of Pathology Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours Tours France
- “Biologie des infections à polyomavirus” team, UMR INRA ISP 1282 Université de Tours Tours France
- CARADERM Network
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology Center Léon Bérard Lyon France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer Lyon France
| | - Jeremie Poilane
- Department of Pathology Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours Tours France
- Platform of Somatic Tumor Molecular Genetics Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours Tours France
- Department of Pathology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Angers Angers France
| | - Franck Tirode
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer Lyon France
| | - Anne Tallet
- Platform of Somatic Tumor Molecular Genetics Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours Tours France
| | - Christine Collin
- Platform of Somatic Tumor Molecular Genetics Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours Tours France
| | - Matthias Tallegas
- Department of Pathology Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours Tours France
- Platform of Somatic Tumor Molecular Genetics Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours Tours France
| | - Patricia Berthon
- “Biologie des infections à polyomavirus” team, UMR INRA ISP 1282 Université de Tours Tours France
| | - Pauline Gaboriaud
- “Biologie des infections à polyomavirus” team, UMR INRA ISP 1282 Université de Tours Tours France
| | - Pierre Sohier
- CARADERM Network
- Faculté de Médecine Paris Centre Santé University of Paris Paris France
- Department of Pathology Hôpital Cochin, AP‐HP Centre‐Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Eduardo Calonje
- Department of Dermatopathology St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital London UK
| | - Boštjan Luzar
- Institute of Pathology Medical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Pathology Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology Osaka International Cancer Institute Osaka Japan
- Department of Dermatology Hyogo Cancer Center Akashi Japan
| | | | - Laurence Lamant
- CARADERM Network
- Department of Pathology, CHU Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Brigitte Balme
- CARADERM Network
- Department of Pathology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon Lyon France
| | | | - Agnes Neuville
- Contades Office of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Strasbourg France
| | - Lydia Deschamps
- CARADERM Network
- Department of Pathology, APHP Bichat Hospital Paris France
| | - Elisabeth Auberger
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques Hopital Simone Veil Eaubonne France
| | | | | | | | - Françoise Plantier
- Department of Pathology Hôpital Cochin, AP‐HP Centre‐Université de Paris Paris France
- Cabinet Mathurin Moreau Paris France
| | - Valérie Cales
- Department of Pathology Centre hospitalier de Pau Pau France
| | - Vincent Pinsolle
- Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery Hôpital Haut‐Lévêque, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux Pessac France
| | - Denis Roblet
- Department of Pathology Centre hospitalier d'Angouleme Saint Michel France
| | - Frantz Dupuy
- Laboratoire de cytologie et d'anatomie pathologiques», le Bouscat France
| | - Alexiane Dallot
- Centre national de Dermatopathologie‐La Roquette Paris France
| | | | - Thomas Jouary
- CARADERM Network
- Department of Dermatology Centre Hospitalier de Pau Pau France
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Hospital Würzburg, Josef‐Schneider‐Straße 2 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Hospital Würzburg, Josef‐Schneider‐Straße 2 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sonja Hesbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Hospital Würzburg, Josef‐Schneider‐Straße 2 Würzburg Germany
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- CARADERM Network
- Department of Biopathology Center Léon Bérard Lyon France
- Department of Pathology Timone University Hospital Marseille France
| | - Maxime Battistella
- CARADERM Network
- Department of Pathology, APHP Hôpital Saint Louis Université Paris 7 Paris France
| | - Bernard Cribier
- CARADERM Network
- Dermatology Clinic, Hôpitaux Universitaires & Université de Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil Strasbourg France
| | - Beatrice Vergier
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Haut‐Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux Pessac France
| | - Arnaud Fouchardière
- CARADERM Network
- Department of Biopathology Center Léon Bérard Lyon France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer Lyon France
| | - Marie‐Laure Jullie
- CARADERM Network
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Haut‐Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux Pessac France
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12
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Duran J, Plaza JA. Update on Immunohistochemical Techniques in Dermatopathology. A focus on Adnexal Neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol 2022; 39:265-287. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mouchard A, Monegier-Dusorbier C, Berthon P, Cribier B, Basset Seguin N, Jouenne F, Mourah S, Samimi M, Kervarrec T. High-grade trichoblastic carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation harboring TP53 and PIK3CA mutations. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2021; 149:74-77. [PMID: 34838338 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mouchard
- Department of dermatology, université de Tours, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France.
| | - C Monegier-Dusorbier
- Department of pathology, université de Tours, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - P Berthon
- "Biologie des Infections à Polyomavirus" Team, UMR Inrae ISP 1282, université de Tours, 31, avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - B Cribier
- Dermatology clinic, hôpital Civil, hôpitaux universitaires et université de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - N Basset Seguin
- Department of dermatology, hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - F Jouenne
- Inserm U976, Team 1, HIPI, department of pharmacology and solid tumor genomics, Saint Louis hospital, Paris university, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Mourah
- Inserm U976, Team 1, HIPI, department of pharmacology and solid tumor genomics, Saint Louis hospital, Paris university, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Samimi
- Department of dermatology, université de Tours, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France; "Biologie des Infections à Polyomavirus" Team, UMR Inrae ISP 1282, université de Tours, 31, avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - T Kervarrec
- Department of pathology, université de Tours, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France; "Biologie des Infections à Polyomavirus" Team, UMR Inrae ISP 1282, université de Tours, 31, avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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14
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Zhang DY, Yang YC, Fu SA, Zhang ZQ, Yang RH, Xiong K. A systematic summary of survival and death signalling during the life of hair follicle stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:453. [PMID: 34380571 PMCID: PMC8359037 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are among the most widely available resources and most frequently approved model systems used for studying adult stem cells. HFSCs are particularly useful because of their self-renewal and differentiation properties. Additionally, the cyclic growth of hair follicles is driven by HFSCs. There are high expectations for the use of HFSCs as favourable systems for studying the molecular mechanisms that contribute to HFSC identification and can be applied to hair loss therapy, such as the activation or regeneration of hair follicles, and to the generation of hair using a tissue-engineering strategy. A variety of molecules are involved in the networks that critically regulate the fate of HFSCs, such as factors in hair follicle growth and development (in the Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and BMP pathway), and that suppress apoptotic cues (the apoptosis pathway). Here, we review the life cycle, biomarkers and functions of HFSCs, concluding with a summary of the signalling pathways involved in HFSC fate for promoting better understanding of the pathophysiological changes in the HFSC niche. Importantly, we highlight the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic targets involved in pathways associated with the treatment of hair loss and other disorders of skin and hair, including alopecia, skin cancer, skin inflammation, and skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Dan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shen-Ao Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zai-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, #81, Lingnan North Road, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, China.
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15
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Ibrahim MR, Medhat W, El-Fakahany H, Abdel-Raouf H, Snyder EY. The Developmental & Molecular Requirements for Ensuring that Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hair Follicle Bulge Stem Cells Have Acquired Competence for Hair Follicle Generation Following Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211014820. [PMID: 34053245 PMCID: PMC8182633 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211014820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to achieve hair follicle (HF) replacement, we found it best to emulate the earliest fundamental developmental processes of gastrulation, ectodermal lineage commitment, and dermogenesis. Viewing hiPSCs as a model of the epiblast, we exploited insights from mapping the dynamic up- and down-regulation of the developmental molecules that determine HF lineage in order to ascertain the precise differentiation stage and molecular requirements for grafting HF-generating progenitors. To yield an integrin-dependent lineage like the HF in vivo, we show that hiPSC derivatives should co-express, just prior to transplantation, the following combination of markers: integrins α6 and β1 and the glycoprotein CD200 on their surface; and, intracellularly, the epithelial marker keratin 18 and the hair follicle bulge stem cell (HFBSC)-defining molecules transcription factor P63 and the keratins 15 and 19. If the degree of trichogenic responsiveness indicated by the presence of these molecules is not achieved (they peak on Days 11-18 of the protocol), HF generation is not possible. Conversely, if differentiation of the cells is allowed to proceed beyond the transient intermediate progenitor state represented by the HFBSC, and instead cascades to their becoming keratin 14+ keratin 5+ CD200– keratinocytes (Day 25), HF generation is equally impossible. We make the developmental case for transplanting at Day 16-18 of differentiation—the point at which the hiPSCs have lost pluripotency, have attained optimal expression of HFBSC markers, have not yet experienced downregulation of key integrins and surface glycoproteins, have not yet started expressing keratinocyte-associated molecules, and have sufficient proliferative capacity to allow a well-populated graft. This panel of markers may be used for isolating (by cytometry) HF-generating derivatives away from cell types unsuited for this therapy as well as for identifying trichogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al-Minya, Egypt.,Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Walid Medhat
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al-Minya, Egypt
| | - Hasan El-Fakahany
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al-Minya, Egypt
| | - Hamza Abdel-Raouf
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al-Minya, Egypt
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Desmoplastic Trichoepithelioma With Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia: A Folliculosebaceous Neoplasm in Young Persons. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:788-793. [PMID: 33899770 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pseudocarcinomatous desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (PDTE) features verrucous squamous epidermal hyperplasia with a jagged undersurface overlying cords of follicular germinative cells in a fibrotic stroma. To date, only 5 cases have been reported. We identified 7 new PDTEs from 2 institutions and reviewed their clinical manifestations and immunohistochemical profile. The median age was 14 years (range 8-34 years). New findings included vacuolization of the basal layer of the pseudocarcinomatous surface epithelium, and the frequent presence of singly distributed sebocytes within the cords of basaloid cells. The immunohistochemical profile resembles desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, with expression of TDAG51, CK15, and Ber-Ep4. Colonizing CK20+ Merkel cells were present in all cases. PDTE needs to be differentiated from malignant neoplasms such as squamous cell carcinoma, morphoeic basal cell carcinoma, and microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Recognizing the features of this sclerosing folliculosebaceous neoplasm facilitates accurate diagnosis and avoids overtreatment.
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17
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Luo YH, Huang ZT, Zong KZ, Cao ZR, Peng DD, Zhou BY, Shen A, Yan P, Wu ZJ. miR-194 ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting PHLDA1 in a TRAF6-dependent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107604. [PMID: 33839577 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable pathological process in liver resection, shock and transplantation. However, the internal mechanism of hepatic IRI, including inflammatory transduction of multiple signaling pathways, is not fully understood. In the present study, we identified pleckstrin homology-like domain family member 1 (PHLDA1), suppressed by microRNA (miR)-194, as a critical intersection of dual inflammatory signals in hepatic IRI. PHLDA1 was upregulated in hepatic IRI with a concomitant downregulation of miR-194. Overexpression of miR-194 diminished PHLDA1 and inhibitors of the nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) pathway, thus leading to remission of hepatic pathological injury, apoptosis and release of cytokines. Further enrichment of PHLDA1 reversed the function of miR-194 both in vivo and in vitro. For an in-depth query, we verified PHLDA1 as a direct target of miR-194. Notably, inflammatory signal transduction of PHLDA1 was induced by activating TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), sequentially initiating IKK and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), both of which aggravate stress and inflammation in hepatic IRI. In conclusion, the miR-194/PHLDA1 axis was a key upstream regulator of IKK and MAPK in hepatic IRI. Targeting PHLDA1 might be a potential strategy for hepatic IRI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hai Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zuo-Tian Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke-Zhen Zong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen-Rui Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Da-Di Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bao-Yong Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ai Shen
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ping Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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18
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Baldavira CM, Machado-Rugolo J, Prieto TG, Bastos DR, Balancin M, Ab'Saber AM, Yaegashi LB, Souza PC, Farhat C, Takagaki TY, Nagai MA, Capelozzi VL. The expression patterns and prognostic significance of pleckstrin homology-like domain family A (PHLDA) in lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:689-707. [PMID: 33717542 PMCID: PMC7947487 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Pleckstrin homology domain family A (PHLDA) genes play important roles in cancer cellular processes, including inhibiting Akt activation, repressing growth factor signaling, inhibiting the negative feedback of EGFR/ErbB2 signaling cells, and inducing apoptosis. However, the prognostic significance of PHLDA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM) remains unclear. The present study investigates the associations between PHLDA expression patterns and their prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and MM. Methods We analyzed PHLDA family members at the genomic level in silico to explore their mRNA expression pattern and predictive significance in LUAD and MM. We then created a PHLDA–drug interaction network and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using different databases. Finally, we immunohistochemically assessed the protein expression of each PHLDA family member on tissue microarrays (TMAs) in both LUAD and MM cohorts with long-term follow-up. Results While PHLDA1 mRNA expression in both LUAD and MM was lower than that of normal tissue, PHLDA2 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in LUAD, and PHLDA3 mRNA was overexpressed in MM. In NSCLC, both low PHLDA1 mRNA expression and high PHLDA3 mRNA expression correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (P<0.01), whereas high PHLDA2 mRNA expression was associated with better OS (P<0.01). In MM, patients presenting high PHLDA1 and PHLDA2 mRNA expression had poor OS (P=0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). In addition, the PHLDA-drug interaction network indicated that several common drugs could potentially modulate PHLDA expression, and the PPI network suggested that PHLDA1 interacts with Notch family members, whereas PHLDA3 interacts with TP53. Our results also showed that the expression of PHLDA2 and PHLDA3 was significantly higher in LUAD and MM than that of PHLDA1 (P<0.05) and was associated with the risk of death. While patients with PHLDA2 >85.09 cells/mm2 had a low risk of death (P=0.01) and a median survival time of 48 months, those with PHLDA3 <70.38 cells/mm2 had a high risk of death (P=0.03) and a median survival time of 34 months. Conclusions We shed light on the role of the PHLDA family as promising predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in LUAD and MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Baldavira
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Health Technology Assessment Center (NATS), Clinical Hospital (HCFMB), Medical School of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Tabatha G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Bastos
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Balancin
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Ab'Saber
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lygia B Yaegashi
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola C Souza
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Farhat
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa Y Takagaki
- Division of Pneumology, Instituto do Coração (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Ap Nagai
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera L Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Rahman J, Tahir M, Arekemase H, Murtazaliev S, Sonawane S. Desmoplastic Trichoepithelioma: Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Criteria for Differentiation of a Rare Benign Hair Follicle Tumor From Other Cutaneous Adnexal Tumors. Cureus 2020; 12:e9703. [PMID: 32923292 PMCID: PMC7486105 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas (DTEs) are benign cutaneous neoplasms that originate from the hair follicle and exhibit a preference for the facial region. This type of neoplasm is characterized by accelerated growth, with vigorous histologic and immunohistochemical features that may be confused with other skin cancers. Thus, the objective of this study is to establish a definitive diagnosis that can be widely used. This review was systematically carried out and includes case series and studies to establish valuable data that can be used for research. The articles were sought in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar using the keywords "desmoplastic trichoepithelioma," "morphea basal cell carcinoma," "microcystic adnexal carcinoma," "syringoma," and "cutaneous breast carcinoma." From a total of 65 journal articles, we chose 42 studies describing the clinical features, etiology, histopathology, and immunohistochemical characteristics of tumors. After quality assessment, 10 studies were selected, representing the differentiating features among the four mentioned cutaneous tumors. The differential diagnosis of DTE also includes other cutaneous and follicular tumors. At present, there is no standardized grading system for trichogenic tumors, although several symptomatic terms have been offered. More recently, immunohistochemistry and histopathological studies support the differentiation between the above-mentioned cutaneous tumors. However, additional research needs to be conducted to obtain complete information regarding the specific distinct traits of the indicated cutaneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Rahman
- Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Hassan Arekemase
- Anatomical and Clinical Pathology, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, USA
| | - Salikh Murtazaliev
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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20
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Dika E, Scarfì F, Ferracin M, Broseghini E, Marcelli E, Bortolani B, Campione E, Riefolo M, Ricci C, Lambertini M. Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155572. [PMID: 32759706 PMCID: PMC7432343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of carcinoma worldwide. BCC development is the result of a complex interaction between environmental, phenotypic and genetic factors. However, despite the progress in the field, BCC biology and mechanisms of resistance against systemic treatments have been poorly investigated. The aim of the present review is to provide a revision of BCC histological and molecular features, including microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, with a specific focus on the molecular basis of BCC systemic therapies. Papers from the last ten years regarding BCC genetic and phenotypic alterations, as well as the mechanism of resistance against hedgehog pathway inhibitors vismodegib and sonidegib were included. The involvement of miRNAs in BCC resistance to systemic therapies is emerging as a new field of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Division of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italia; (F.S.); (M.L.)
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512144849
| | - Federica Scarfì
- Division of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italia; (F.S.); (M.L.)
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Emanuela Marcelli
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Bortolani
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Martina Lambertini
- Division of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italia; (F.S.); (M.L.)
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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21
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Chaperone mediated detection of small molecule target binding in cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 31974362 PMCID: PMC6978363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to quantitatively measure a small molecule’s interactions with its protein target(s) is crucial for both mechanistic studies of signaling pathways and in drug discovery. However, current methods to achieve this have specific requirements that can limit their application or interpretation. Here we describe a complementary target-engagement method, HIPStA (Heat Shock Protein Inhibition Protein Stability Assay), a high-throughput method to assess small molecule binding to endogenous, unmodified target protein(s) in cells. The methodology relies on the change in protein turnover when chaperones, such as HSP90, are inhibited and the stabilization effect that drug-target binding has on this change. We use HIPStA to measure drug binding to three different classes of drug targets (receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear hormone receptors, and cytoplasmic protein kinases), via quantitative fluorescence imaging. We further demonstrate its utility by pairing the method with quantitative mass spectrometry to identify previously unknown targets of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Quantitative profiling of small molecule-protein binding in cells can aid basic biochemical research and drug discovery. Here, the authors develop the Heat Shock Protein Inhibition Protein Stability Assay (HIPStA) as a high-throughput method to assess cellular target engagement and identify new drug targets.
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22
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Gentile P, Garcovich S. Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt pathway, Growth-Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050466. [PMID: 31100937 PMCID: PMC6562814 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells has been reported to improve hair regrowth in several therapeutic strategies, including reversing the pathological mechanisms, that contribute to hair loss, regeneration of hair follicles, or creating hair using the tissue-engineering approach. Although various promising stem cell approaches are progressing via pre-clinical models to clinical trials, intraoperative stem cell treatments with a one-step procedure offer a quicker result by incorporating an autologous cell source without manipulation, which may be injected by surgeons through a well-established clinical practice. Many authors have concentrated on adipose-derived stromal vascular cells due to their ability to separate into numerous cell genealogies, platelet-rich plasma for its ability to enhance cell multiplication and neo-angiogenesis, as well as human follicle mesenchymal stem cells. In this paper, the significant improvements in intraoperative stem cell approaches, from in vivo models to clinical investigations, are reviewed. The potential regenerative instruments and functions of various cell populaces in the hair regrowth process are discussed. The addition of Wnt signaling in dermal papilla cells is considered a key factor in stimulating hair growth. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived signaling and growth factors obtained by platelets influence hair growth through cellular proliferation to prolong the anagen phase (FGF-7), induce cell growth (ERK activation), stimulate hair follicle development (β-catenin), and suppress apoptotic cues (Bcl-2 release and Akt activation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gentile
- Surgical Science Department, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Garcovich
- Institute of Dermatology, F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCSS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Shpichka A, Butnaru D, Bezrukov EA, Sukhanov RB, Atala A, Burdukovskii V, Zhang Y, Timashev P. Skin tissue regeneration for burn injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30876456 PMCID: PMC6419807 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body, which meets the environment most directly. Thus, the skin is vulnerable to various damages, particularly burn injury. Skin wound healing is a serious interaction between cell types, cytokines, mediators, the neurovascular system, and matrix remodeling. Tissue regeneration technology remarkably enhances skin repair via re-epidermalization, epidermal-stromal cell interactions, angiogenesis, and inhabitation of hypertrophic scars and keloids. The success rates of skin healing for burn injuries have significantly increased with the use of various skin substitutes. In this review, we discuss skin replacement with cells, growth factors, scaffolds, or cell-seeded scaffolds for skin tissue reconstruction and also compare the high efficacy and cost-effectiveness of each therapy. We describe the essentials, achievements, and challenges of cell-based therapy in reducing scar formation and improving burn injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Butnaru
- Sechenov Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Vitaliy Burdukovskii
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Institute of Photonic Technologies, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
- Departments of Polymers and Composites, N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
An 83-year-old man presented to the dermatology department for an ulcerated skin lesion of the back that had been increasing in size during the past 11 years. The physical examination revealed a well-defined, fleshy, reddish plaque measuring 10 × 20 cm in diameter with erosions and black areas on the surface. The patient underwent surgical excision with margins of 10 mm followed by a skin graft. Histologic section showed a lesion composed of 2 intimately intermingled epithelial and mesenchymal components associated with a basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Immunohistochemical examination showed epithelial cells that were positive for CK AE1/AE3 and p53, whereas stromal cells were positive for vimentin, CD10, and p53. BCC was positive for CD10. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of trichoblastic carcinosarcoma associated with BCC was made. Given the scarcity of data available in the literature regarding this diagnosis, no standard of care exists. No adjuvant treatment was provided and after 1 year of follow-up, the patient did not experience recurrence.
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Kruszewska A, Banasiak Ł, Placek W, Maksymowicz W, Wojtkiewicz J. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Follicle Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1049641. [PMID: 30154860 PMCID: PMC6098866 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1049641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is caused by a variety of factors which affect the hair cycle and decrease stem cell activity and hair follicle regeneration capability. This process causes lower self-acceptance, which may result in depression and anxiety. However, an early onset of androgenic alopecia is associated with an increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of the cardiac ischaemic disease. The ubiquity of alopecia provides an encouragement to seek new, more effective therapies aimed at hair follicle regeneration and neoregeneration. We know that stem cells can be used to regenerate hair in several therapeutic strategies: reversing the pathological mechanisms which contribute to hair loss, regeneration of complete hair follicles from their parts, and neogenesis of hair follicles from a stem cell culture with isolated cells or tissue engineering. Hair transplant has become a conventional treatment technique in androgenic alopecia (micrografts). Although an autologous transplant is regarded as the gold standard, its usability is limited, because of both a limited amount of material and a reduced viability of cells obtained in this way. The new therapeutic options are adipose-derived stem cells and stem cells from Wharton's jelly. They seem an ideal cell population for use in regenerative medicine because of the absence of immunogenic properties and their ease of obtainment, multipotential character, ease of differentiating into various cell lines, and considerable potential for angiogenesis. In this article, we presented advantages and limitations of using these types of cells in alopecia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Anna Kruszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Banasiak
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Maksymowicz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Foundation for Nerve Cell Regeneration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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26
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Mostafa NA, Assaf M, Elhakim S, Abdel-Halim MRE, El-Nabarawy E, Gharib K. Diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemical markers in differentiation between basal cell carcinoma and trichoepithelioma in small biopsy specimens. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:807-816. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A. Mostafa
- Pathology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Magda Assaf
- Pathology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Sami Elhakim
- Pathology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Eman El-Nabarawy
- Dermatology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Khaled Gharib
- Dermatology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
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27
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Leblebici C, Bambul Sığırcı B, Kelten Talu C, Koca SB, Huq GE. CD10, TDAG51, CK20, AR, INSM1, and Nestin Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Trichoblastoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2018; 27:19-27. [PMID: 29938548 DOI: 10.1177/1066896918781719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoblastoma (TB) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are 2 different neoplasms composed of basaloid cells and have overlapping histopathological features. We compared the immunoexpression of CD10, T-cell death-associated gene 51 (TDAG51), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), androgen receptor (AR), insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), and nestin for the differential diagnosis of these tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed a total of 27 BCC and 27 TB cases, including 4 TB lesions in nevus sebaceous and 3 malignant TB lesions for CD10, TDAG51, CK20, AR, INSM1, and nestin expression. RESULTS Staining for CK20, TDAG51, INSM1, and stromal CD10 was significantly more common in TB cases than in BCC cases ( P < .001). Epithelial CD10 and AR staining was significantly more common in BCC cases than in TB cases ( P < .001). The difference between the groups for nestin staining was not significant ( P > .05). Stromal CD10 staining was the most sensitive marker (96.3%) and INSM1 the least sensitive (55.6%) marker for TB. TDAG51 showed 100% specificity for TB. A larger number of CK20 positive cells was found in the cases associated with nevus sebaceous than in the other TBs. CONCLUSION All the selected markers except nestin were useful for the differential diagnosis between TB and BCC. CD10 and TDAG51 were more useful than the other markers. The use of CK20 could be preferred in nevus sebaceous lesions. INSM1 was less effective in highlighting Merkel cells within the lesion than CK20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Leblebici
- 1 Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Aslam A. Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma and a Summary of Other Rare Malignant Adnexal Tumours. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 18:49. [PMID: 28681209 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-017-0491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare, slow-growing, infiltrative malignant tumour most commonly found on the head and neck. It often presents as a solitary skin-coloured or yellow papule, plaque or nodule. Ultraviolet radiation, immunosuppression and ionising radiation are possible risk factors. Clinical and histological differential diagnoses include morpheaform basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. The diagnosis is usually made by skin biopsy, and the characteristic features are small keratin-filled cysts with nests and cords which resemble ductal structures. Immunohistochemistry can assist in differentiating MAC from other tumours. The local aggressive nature of the tumour and its potential to infiltrate beyond the assessed clinical margins warrant complete excision with marginal control, and we recommend Mohs micrographic surgery. Wide local excision is widely performed but is associated with recurrence given its infiltrative nature and extensive subclinical extension. The role of radiotherapy in the management of MAC is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Aslam
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Marshalls Cross Road, St Helens, WA9 3DA, UK.
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29
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Chu GY, Chen YF, Chen HY, Chan MH, Gau CS, Weng SM. Stem cell therapy on skin: Mechanisms, recent advances and drug reviewing issues. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:14-20. [PMID: 29389549 PMCID: PMC9332639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell products and its clinical applications have been widely discussed in recent years, particularly when the Japanese “induced pluripotent stem cells” founder Dr. Yamanaka was awarded as Nobel Prize laureate in 2013. For decades, major progresses have been achieved in the stem cell biology field, and more and more evidence showed that skin stem cells are involved in the process of skin repair. Stem/progenitor cells of the epidermis are recognized to play the most essential role in the tissue regeneration of skin. In this review, we first illustrated basic stem cell characteristics and various stem cell subtypes resided in the skin. Second, we provided several literatures to elucidate how stem/progenitor cells collaborate in the process of skin repair with the evidence from animal model studies and in vitro experiments. Third, we also introduced several examples of skin cell products on the pharmaceutic market and the ongoing clinical trials aiming for unmet medical difficulties of skin. Last but not least, we summarized general reviewing concerns and some disputatious issues on dermatological cell products. With this concise review, we hope to provide further beneficial suggestions for the development of more effective and safer dermatological stem/progenitor cell products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Yau Chu
- Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 11557,
Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101,
Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221,
Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kang-Ning General Hospital, Taipei 11490,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Chen
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219,
Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Shih-Ming Weng
- Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 11557,
Taiwan
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. 3F No. 465, Sec. 6, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 11557, Taiwan. E-mail address: (S.-M. Weng)
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30
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Bonatto N, Carlini MJ, de Bessa Garcia SA, Nagai MA. PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1) knockdown promotes migration and invasion of MCF10A breast epithelial cells. Cell Adh Migr 2017. [PMID: 28640659 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1313382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1) is a multifunctional protein that plays distinct roles in several biological processes including cell death and therefore its altered expression has been identified in different types of cancer. Progressively loss of PHLDA1 was found in primary and metastatic melanoma while its overexpression was reported in intestinal and pancreatic tumors. Previous work from our group showed that negative expression of PHLDA1 protein was a strong predictor of poor prognosis for breast cancer disease. However, the function of PHLDA1 in mammary epithelial cells and the tumorigenic process of the breast is unclear. To dissect PHLDA1 role in human breast epithelial cells, we generated a clone of MCF10A cells with stable knockdown of PHLDA1 and performed functional studies. To achieve reduced PHLDA1 expression we used shRNA plasmid transfection and then changes in cell morphology and biological behavior were assessed. We found that PHLDA1 downregulation induced marked morphological alterations in MCF10A cells, such as changes in cell-to-cell adhesion pattern and cytoskeleton reorganization. Regarding cell behavior, MCF10A cells with reduced expression of PHLDA1 showed higher proliferative rate and migration ability in comparison with control cells. We also found that MCF10A cells with PHLDA1 knockdown acquired invasive properties, as evaluated by transwell Matrigel invasion assay and showed enhanced colony-forming ability and irregular growth in low attachment condition. Altogether, our results indicate that PHLDA1 downregulation in MCF10A cells leads to morphological changes and a more aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naieli Bonatto
- a Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria José Carlini
- a Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Simone Aparecida de Bessa Garcia
- a Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Nagai
- a Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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31
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Agustí Martínez J, Bella-Navarro R, García-García AB, Bueno E, González-Sarmiento R, Navarro L, Sanchez-Sendra B, Revert A, Jordá E, Monteagudo C. Familial seborrhoeic keratosis associated with multiple 'pure reticulated acanthomas' and infundibulocystic basal cell carcinomas. Br J Dermatol 2017. [PMID: 28627087 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of genodermatoses with multiple cutaneous tumours and germline genetic alterations, such as PTCH1 mutations, have been described. Other cutaneous syndromes have been associated with somatic gene mutations, such as FGFR3 in familial seborrhoeic keratosis. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological features of multiple cutaneous lesions, mostly infundibulocystic basal cell carcinomas (ICBCCs) and pure reticulated acanthomas, present in a family affected by familial seborrhoeic keratosis. In addition, we tested for possible germline alterations in FGFR3 and PTCH1. METHODS Ten members of one family were clinically examined and 92 skin biopsy specimens were evaluated. Blood samples from six individuals were analysed for FGFR3 and PTCH1 germline alterations. We reviewed the literature concerning genetic FGFR3 alterations in seborrhoeic keratosis. RESULTS Individuals of all generations affected by familial seborrhoeic keratosis also presented other skin tumours that corresponded histologically to reticulated acanthomas without apocrine or sebaceous differentiation, as well as ICBCCs. In addition, two novel germline variants, p.Pro449Ser (c.1345C>T) in FGFR3 and p.Pro725Ser (c.2173C>T) in exon 14 of PTCH1 were identified in five participants. CONCLUSIONS We characterize for the first time the clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological features of multiple reticulated acanthomas without apocrine or sebaceous differentiation, for which we propose the term 'pure reticulated acanthoma', and ICBCCs associated with familial seborrhoeic keratosis. We identified FGFR3 and PTCH1 germline polymorphisms whose influence in the development of reticulated acanthomas is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Agustí Martínez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial of Castellón, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Bella-Navarro
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A B García-García
- Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Bueno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - L Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Sanchez-Sendra
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Revert
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Jordá
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and the main structural component of the skin. OBJECTIVE To provide a review of the histopathology of collagen alterations and to propose a classification with the most important types of collagen anomalies in dermatopathology. The authors describe some of the main morphological clues of collagen anomalies for specific diagnosis of some cutaneous inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. METHODS The authors review histopathologic collagen anomalies, concerning both morphology and disposition in some inflammatory and neoplastic cutaneous conditions, and they review previous terminology and proposed a classification of the most important types of collagen anomalies that can be seen in dermatopathological practice. RESULTS Collagen anomalies in skin can be classified into lamellar fibrosis, sclerosis, and "balls" and "rings" of collagen. Lamellar fibrosis presents as long and thin collagen bundles forming a delicate network, which can be disposed in a parallel pattern, onion-bulb-like pattern, and storiform pattern. Sclerosis is characterized by large, thick, and eosinophilic bundles of collagen, which may present as a homogenous-diffuse pattern or as individual thick bundles of collagen with few or abundant number of fibroblasts between them. Finally, the authors propose the terms "balls" and "rings" of collagen. The term "balls" of collagen stands for thick, homogenous, eosinophilic, globular collagen bundles, with no distinguishable individual composing fibers, which include the floating sign and the free-floating sign. The term "rings" of collagen is characterized by sclerotic collagen arranged in a homogenous rimming pattern around vessels without independent fibers in its composition. CONCLUSIONS Collagen anomalies may be important clues to establish specific clues for specific diagnoses in dermatopathology.
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33
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Ho J, Bhawan J. Folliculosebaceous neoplasms: A review of clinical and histological features. J Dermatol 2017; 44:259-278. [PMID: 28256760 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous benign and occasionally malignant tumors arise from the folliculosebaceous apparatus. Confusing terminology, rarity of malignant variants and overlapping histological features can lead to diagnostic uncertainty. This review highlights the clinical and histopathological features that help to classify these entities, as well as the various syndromes associated with certain members of this large family of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ho
- Department of Dermatology and Section of Dermatopathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jag Bhawan
- Department of Dermatology and Section of Dermatopathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Novel Gene Expression Profile of Women with Intrinsic Skin Youthfulness by Whole Transcriptome Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165913. [PMID: 27829007 PMCID: PMC5102383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While much is known about genes that promote aging, little is known about genes that protect against or prevent aging, particularly in human skin. The main objective of this study was to perform an unbiased, whole transcriptome search for genes that associate with intrinsic skin youthfulness. To accomplish this, healthy women (n = 122) of European descent, ages 18–89 years with Fitzpatrick skin type I/II were examined for facial skin aging parameters and clinical covariates, including smoking and ultraviolet exposure. Skin youthfulness was defined as the top 10% of individuals whose assessed skin aging features were most discrepant with their chronological ages. Skin biopsies from sun-protected inner arm were subjected to 3’-end sequencing for expression quantification, with results verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Unbiased clustering revealed gene expression signatures characteristic of older women with skin youthfulness (n = 12) compared to older women without skin youthfulness (n = 33), after accounting for gene expression changes associated with chronological age alone. Gene set analysis was performed using Genomica open-access software. This study identified a novel set of candidate skin youthfulness genes demonstrating differences between SY and non-SY group, including pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1) (p = 2.4x10-5), a follicle stem cell marker, and hyaluronan synthase 2-anti-sense 1 (HAS2-AS1) (p = 0.00105), a non-coding RNA that is part of the hyaluronan synthesis pathway. We show that immunologic gene sets are the most significantly altered in skin youthfulness (with the most significant gene set p = 2.4x10-5), suggesting the immune system plays an important role in skin youthfulness, a finding that has not previously been recognized. These results are a valuable resource from which multiple future studies may be undertaken to better understand the mechanisms that promote skin youthfulness in humans.
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35
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Lyu JH, Huang B, Park DW, Baek SH. Regulation of PHLDA1 Expression by JAK2-ERK1/2-STAT3 Signaling Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:483-90. [PMID: 26239656 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated signaling cascades and gene regulation are mainly involved in diseases, such as immunity and inflammation. In this study, microarray analysis was performed using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and Raw 264.7 cells to identify novel proteins involved in the TLR2-mediated cellular response. We found that pleckstrin homology-like domain family, member 1 (PHLDA1) is a novel gene up-regulated by TLR2 stimulation and determined the unique signaling pathway for its expression. Treatment with TLR2 agonist Pam3 CSK4 increased mRNA, protein, and fluorescence staining of PHLDA1. Induction of PHLDA1 by TLR2 stimulation disappeared from TLR2 KO mice-derived BMDM. Among janus kinase (JAK) family members, JAK2 was involved in TLR2-stimulated PHLDA1 expression. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) also participated in PHLDA1 expression downstream of the JAK2. Interestingly, ERK1/2 was an intermediate between JAK2 and STAT3. In silico analysis revealed the presence of highly conserved γ-activated sites within mouse PHLDA1 promoter and confirmed the JAK2-STAT3 pathway is important to Pam3 CSK4 -induced PHLDA1 transcription. These findings suggest that the JAK2-ERK1/2-STAT3 pathway is an important signaling pathway for PHLDA1 expression and that these proteins may play a critical role in eliciting TLR2-mediated immune and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyo Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-703, South Korea
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-703, South Korea
| | - Dae-Weon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-703, South Korea
| | - Suk-Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-703, South Korea
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Xie J, Yao B, Han Y, Huang S, Fu X. Skin appendage-derived stem cells: cell biology and potential for wound repair. BURNS & TRAUMA 2016; 4:38. [PMID: 27800498 PMCID: PMC5082359 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-016-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells residing in the epidermis and skin appendages are imperative for skin homeostasis and regeneration. These stem cells also participate in the repair of the epidermis after injuries, inducing restoration of tissue integrity and function of damaged tissue. Unlike epidermis-derived stem cells, comprehensive knowledge about skin appendage-derived stem cells remains limited. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of skin appendage-derived stem cells, including their fundamental characteristics, their preferentially expressed biomarkers, and their potential contribution involved in wound repair. Finally, we will also discuss current strategies, future applications, and limitations of these stem cells, attempting to provide some perspectives on optimizing the available therapy in cutaneous repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300052 People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Han
- Graduate School of the Second Teaching Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China ; Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China ; Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China
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37
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Romero-Pérez D, García-Bustinduy M, Cribier B. Clinicopathologic study of 90 cases of trichofolliculoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:e141-e142. [PMID: 27608202 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Romero-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - M García-Bustinduy
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Canarias, Canarias, Spain
| | - B Cribier
- Dermatopathology and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University and University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Quist SR, Eckardt M, Kriesche A, Gollnick HP. Expression of epidermal stem cell markers in skin and adnexal malignancies. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:520-30. [PMID: 26914519 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal stem cells are multipotent cells that maintain the skin epidermis. Potential markers for stem cells have been identified in mammalian skin from mouse experiments; however, it is unclear if stem cells also contribute to tumour formation in human skin. OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of potential stem cell markers, such as leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (Lgr) 5, Lgr6, leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain protein 1 (Lrig1) and cytokeratin 15 (CK15) in basal cell carcinomas and tumours of the skin appendages. METHODS We tested 45 human basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), including superficial, nodular, adenoid, infiltrating and sclerosing types, and 38 human tumours of skin appendages, including 13 sebaceous adenomas and carcinomas, 20 eccrine sweat gland tumours and five pilomatricomas, for the expression of hair follicle stem cell markers such as Lgr5, Lrig1, CK15, β-catenin and SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), and compared these findings with those of healthy age-matched human epidermis. RESULTS We detected the expression of stem cell markers in all tumours tested. Regarding Lgr5, Lrig1, CK15 and SOX9, expression seemed to be lower in more aggressive tumour types, such as in the most advanced parts of infiltrating BCC, in sebaceous carcinoma and late-stage porocarcinoma, compared with less aggressive superficial or nodular BCC or early-stage porocarcinoma and sebaceous gland tumours. In aggressive, sclerosing BCC, Lrig1 and Lgr5 were downregulated but CK15, SOX9 and nuclear β-catenin were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Expression of potential stem cell markers of the epidermis and hair follicles was observed in skin tumours of appendages and BCCs. However, during tumour progression, many of these markers seemed to be downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Quist
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
| | - M Eckardt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - A Kriesche
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - H P Gollnick
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
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Purba TS, Haslam IS, Shahmalak A, Bhogal RK, Paus R. Mapping the expression of epithelial hair follicle stem cell-related transcription factors LHX2 and SOX9 in the human hair follicle. Exp Dermatol 2016; 24:462-7. [PMID: 25808706 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the murine hair follicle (HF), the transcription factors LHX2 and SOX9 are implicated in epithelial hair follicle stem cell (eHFSC) self-renewal and the maintenance of eHFSC niche characteristics. However, the exact expression patterns of LHX2 and SOX9 in the human HF are unclear. Therefore, we have quantitatively mapped the localisation of known human eHFSC markers keratin 15 (K15) and keratin 19 (K19) in the outer root sheath (ORS) of male occipital scalp anagen HFs and related this to the localisation of LHX2 and SOX9 protein expression. As expected, K15(+) and K19(+) cells represented two distinct progenitor cell populations in the bulge and in the proximal bulb ORS (pbORS). Interestingly, cell fluorescence for K19 was significantly stronger within the pbORS versus the bulge, and vice versa for K15, describing a hitherto unrecognised differential expression pattern. LHX2 and SOX9 expressing cells were distributed throughout the ORS, including the bulge, but were not restricted to it. SOX9 expression was most prominent in the ORS immediately below the human bulge, whereas LHX2(+) cells were similarly distributed between the sub-bulge and pbORS, that is compartments not enriched with quiescent eHFSCs. During catagen development, the intensity of LHX2 and SOX9 protein expression increased in the proximal HF epithelium. Double immunostaining showed that the majority of SOX9(+) cells in the human anagen HF epithelium did not co-express K15, K19 or LHX2. This expression profile suggests that LHX2 and SOX9 highlight distinct epithelial progenitor cell populations, in addition to K15(+) or K19(+) cells, that could play an important role in the maintenance of the human HF epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talveen S Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Iain S Haslam
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Nagai MA. Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 ( PHLDA1) and cancer. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:275-281. [PMID: 26998263 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA1) encodes a member of an evolutionarily conserved pleckstrin homology-related domain protein family. It was first identified as a potential transcription factor required for Fas expression and activation-induced apoptosis in mouse T cell hybridomas. The exact molecular and biological functions of PHLDA1 remain to be elucidated. However, its expression is induced by a variety of external stimuli and there is evidence that it may function as a transcriptional activator that acts as a mediator of apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and cell migration dependent on the cellular type and context. Recently, PHLDA1 has received attention due to its association with cancer. In the present review, the current knowledge of PHLDA1 protein structure, expression regulation and function is summarized. In addition, the current data in the literature is reviewed with regards to the role of PHLDA1 in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Nagai
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
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Danialan R, Mutyambizi K, Aung PP, Prieto VG, Ivan D. Challenges in the diagnosis of cutaneous adnexal tumours. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:992-1002. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of cutaneous adnexal neoplasms, a heterogeneous group of entities, is often perceived by practising pathologists as challenging. A systematic approach to diagnosis is necessary for classification of these lesions, which establishes the tumour differentiation (follicular, sebaceous, sweat gland or apocrine) and evaluates histological features differentiating between benign and malignant entities. Consideration of clinical history is a necessary adjunct in evaluation of the adnexal neoplasm, as characteristic anatomical sites are described for many adnexal lesions. In some instances, immunohistochemical studies may also be employed to aid the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis between primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms and cutaneous metastases from visceral tumours may also be difficult. Clinical, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics will be further discussed, considering that the correct diagnosis has a significant impact on the patient's management and prognosis.
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42
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Ojeh N, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M, Stojadinovic O. Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration, Wound Healing, and Their Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25476-501. [PMID: 26512657 PMCID: PMC4632811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and has an array of functions. Skin compartments, epidermis, and hair follicles house stem cells that are indispensable for skin homeostasis and regeneration. These stem cells also contribute to wound repair, resulting in restoration of tissue integrity and function of damaged tissue. Unsuccessful wound healing processes often lead to non-healing wounds. Chronic wounds are caused by depletion of stem cells and a variety of other cellular and molecular mechanisms, many of which are still poorly understood. Current chronic wound therapies are limited, so the search to develop better therapeutic strategies is ongoing. Adult stem cells are gaining recognition as potential candidates for numerous skin pathologies. In this review, we will discuss epidermal and other stem cells present in the skin, and highlight some of the therapeutic applications of epidermal stem cells and other adult stem cells as tools for cell/scaffold-based therapies for non-healing wounds and other skin disorders. We will also discuss emerging concepts and offer some perspectives on how skin tissue-engineered products can be optimized to provide efficacious therapy in cutaneous repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkemcho Ojeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown BB 11000, St. Michael, Barbados; E-Mail:
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller Medical School, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB, Room 2023-A, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (I.P.); (M.T.-C.)
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller Medical School, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB, Room 2023-A, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (I.P.); (M.T.-C.)
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller Medical School, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB, Room 2023-A, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: (I.P.); (M.T.-C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-7295; Fax: +1-305-243-6191
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Lepesant P, Crinquette M, Alkeraye S, Mirabel X, Dziwniel V, Cribier B, Mortier L. Vismodegib induces significant clinical response in locally advanced trichoblastic carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1059-62. [PMID: 25998864 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma due to local extension or metastatic disease were previously at a therapeutic impasse. Targeted inhibition of the sonic hedgehog pathway by vismodegib represents a new therapeutic strategy. Adnexal carcinomas are rare malignant skin tumours derived from epithelial annexes. Conventional treatment of adnexal tumours is based on surgical excision. Although the radiosensitivity of adnexal carcinomas has not been established, radiotherapy could be offered alone or in combination in locally advanced or inoperable disease. Chemotherapy represents a therapeutic option in the treatment of metastatic adnexal tumours. Currently there is no effective treatment for these tumours when they become metastatic or unresectable, and treatment is palliative. Sunitinib represents a new therapeutic strategy, with efficiency described in the literature for a small number of patients. However, its efficacy is partial, and its tolerance is not always good. We report a patient with trichoblastic carcinoma, initially diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma, treated effectively with vismodegib. The remarkable response we have observed in this patient suggests an encouraging therapeutic role of vismodegib in trichoblastic carcinoma that should be evaluated in a carefully designed trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lepesant
- Department of Dermatology, CHRU, Lille, France
| | | | - S Alkeraye
- Department of Dermatology, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - X Mirabel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lille, France
| | - V Dziwniel
- Department of Modern Languages, Ecole Centrale de Lille, Lille, France
| | - B Cribier
- Department of Pathology, CHRU, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Mortier
- Department of Dermatology, CHRU, Lille, France
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Molina-Ruiz AM, Bernárdez C, Requena L, Schärer L. Primitive follicular induction in molluscum contagiosum. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 43:12-7. [PMID: 26265178 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is the commonest human poxvirus infection. Follicular induction has rarely been observed in the epidermis surrounding lesions of MC. A virus-induced localized proliferation of germinative/stem cells of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit has been suggested as the underlying cause, however few reports of this peculiar phenomenon exist in the literature and the mechanisms involved in this proliferation require further study. METHODS We prospectively collected MC cases showing multifocal areas of primitive follicular induction involving the adjacent undersurface epidermis. Immunohistochemical expression of BerEP4, PHLDA1 and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) was evaluated in the basaloid germs surrounding the lesions. For PHLDA1, we used epidermal melanocytes as a positive internal control. For BerEP4, we employed a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and for CK20, colon as positive external controls. An incubation without the primary antibody functioned as an external negative control. RESULTS All the cases studied showed an intense positive staining of the basaloid buds with BerEP4 and weaker stain for PHLDA1. CK20 showed the presence of scattered Merkel cells within the induced epidermal basaloid proliferations favoring their reactive origin. DISCUSSION The pathogenetic mechanisms behind the development of these microscopic features and the link between follicular induction and poxvirus infection are explored. Awareness of this unusual phenomenon by dermatopathologists will be helpful in avoiding a misdiagnosis of a superficial BCC in such cases. CONCLUSIONS BerEP4 and PHLDA1 were consistently expressed in the areas of primitive follicular induction surrounding lesions of MC. CK 20 stained the Merkel cells present in the basaloid buds. All these findings support the reactive origin of this phenomenon, which we believe is most probably viral-induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Molina-Ruiz
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Bernárdez
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leo Schärer
- Dermatopathology laboratory, Dermatophathologisches Gemeinschaftslabor, Friedrichshafen, Germany
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45
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Frouin E, Vignon-Pennamen MD, Balme B, Cavelier-Balloy B, Zimmermann U, Ortonne N, Carlotti A, Pinquier L, André J, Cribier B. Anatomoclinical study of 30 cases of sclerosing sweat duct carcinomas (microcystic adnexal carcinoma, syringomatous carcinoma and squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:1978-94. [PMID: 25873411 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC), syringomatous carcinoma (SC) and "Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma" (SEDC) are rare sclerosing adnexal tumours. OBJECTIVE To understand the histogenesis of these tumours and possible clinical implications. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 30 cases, 18 MAC, 5 SC and 7 SEDC reviewed and classified by a panel of dermatopathology experts, with immunohistochemical analysis of keratins, including K77, a new keratin specific of eccrine ducts, and PHLDA1 expressed in adnexal structures. RESULTS There was a strong female predominance, with only five cases occurring in men. Patients with MAC and SC were younger (mean age 56 and 47 years) than those with SEDC (mean age 81 years). The most common localization was the cheek in SC and SEDC and the periocular area in MAC. Two cases of SEDC were found in organ transplant patients. No recurrence or metastases were observed after complete surgery of MAC, or SC (mean follow-up 7.2 years and 4.7 years), whereas one case of SEDC recurred and another could not be fully excised. MAC and SC had similar histological features, except for cysts. In MAC, calcifications, granulomas, connection to follicles, keratin expression pattern, PHLDA1 positivity and K77 negativity indicated a follicular histogenesis, whereas in SC, K77 positivity and keratin expression pattern were consistent with a differentiation towards eccrine apparatus. SEDC was composed of strands centred by ducts and nests with squamous differentiation and displayed K77 ductal positivity in all cases, a finding consistent with an eccrine origin. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that MAC and SC have similar clinical characteristics, although histogenesis differs and show arguments for the individualization of SEDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Frouin
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Jean Bernard, CHU, Poitiers, France
| | - M D Vignon-Pennamen
- Service d'Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Centre de Pathologie cutanée de la Roquette, 56 rue de la Roquette, Paris, France
| | - B Balme
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie pathologique, Centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - B Cavelier-Balloy
- Service d'Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Cabinet d'Anatomie pathologique dermatologique, 35 avenue Mathurin Moreau, Paris, France
| | - U Zimmermann
- Centre de Pathologie cutanée de la Roquette, 56 rue de la Roquette, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - N Ortonne
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - A Carlotti
- Service d'Anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, Hôpital Cochin-Tarnier, APHP, Paris, France
| | - L Pinquier
- Service d'Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Anatomie pathologique, Centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - J André
- Centre d'Anatomie pathologique et de cytologie, Avenue du Diamant, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - B Cribier
- Laboratoire d'Histopathologie cutanée, Clinique Dermatologique, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
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Compton LA, Murphy GF, Lian CG. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry in Cutaneous Neoplasia: An Update. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2015; 2:15-42. [PMID: 27047932 PMCID: PMC4816435 DOI: 10.1159/000377698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of neoplastic skin diseases. In addition to the many established IHC markers currently in use, new markers continue to emerge, although their general acceptance and routine application requires robust validation. Here, we summarize the most well-established and commonly used biomarkers along with an array of newer ones reported in the past several decades that either demonstrate or hold high clinical promise in the field of cutaneous pathology. We also highlight recent applications of novel IHC markers in melanoma diagnosis including genetic mutation status markers [e.g. BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)] and an epigenetic alteration marker (e.g. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). We specifically focus on the role of IHC in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions that fall under the following categories: melanoma, epidermal tumors with an intraepidermal epitheliomatous pattern, spindle cell lesions of the dermis, small round blue cell tumors of the dermis, and cutaneous adnexal tumors. While IHC is a valuable tool in diagnostic dermatopathology, marker selection and interpretation must be highly informed by clinical context and the histologic differential diagnosis. With rapid progress in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis, new IHC markers will continue to emerge in the field of diagnostic dermatopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Compton
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
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PHLDA1, a follicular stem cell marker, differentiates clear-cell/granular-cell trichoblastoma and clear-cell/granular cell basal cell carcinoma: a case-control study, with first description of granular-cell trichoblastoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2015; 36:643-50. [PMID: 23719479 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31828a31ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granular-cell or clear-cell basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), and clear-cell trichoblastomas have rarely been reported in the literature. PHLDA1 is a follicular stem cell marker, the expression of which has been reported to differentiate trichoepithelioma from BCCs. We wondered whether (1) granular-cell trichoblastoma exists and (2) PHLDA1 expression can differentiate a clear- and/or granular-cell trichoblastoma and a BCC. METHODS In the records of 2 pathology departments, 12 clear- and/or granular-cell trichoblastomas and BCCs were found. Epidemiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical data for PHLDA1, Ki67, and AE1-AE3; and cytokeratins 17, 19, 20, and 6hf were collected. RESULTS Trichoblastomas and clear- and/or granular-cell BCCs occurred in 7 patients (36-62 years; mean: 49) and in 5 patients (63-91 years; mean: 77), respectively. Three granular-cell trichoblastomas were identified. Both granular and clear-cell changes were present in 4 BCCs. The patterns of expression for AE1/AE3, CK17, CK19, CK6hf, and CK20 were not helpful in differentiating trichoblastoma from BCC. PHLDA1 expression was diffusely or partially present in all trichoblastomas (5/5) and absent in BCCs (0/4) (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Granular- and/or clear-cell changes are rare findings in trichoblastoma and BCC. First, we show that granular-cell trichoblastomas do occur. Second, PHLDA1 expression is a useful addition in differentiating trichoblastoma and BCC.
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Misago N, Inoue T, Narisawa Y. Cystic trichoblastoma: A report of two cases with an immunohistochemical study. J Dermatol 2015; 42:305-10. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Misago
- Division of Dermatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Division of Dermatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga Japan
| | - Yutaka Narisawa
- Division of Dermatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga Japan
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Honarpisheh H, Glusac EJ, Ko CJ. Cytokeratin 20 expression in basaloid follicular hamartoma and infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:916-21. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Honarpisheh
- Department of Pathology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Earl J. Glusac
- Department of Pathology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
- Department of Dermatology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Christine J. Ko
- Department of Pathology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
- Department of Dermatology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
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50
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Jeon SY, Kim DC, Song KH, Kim KH. Expression Patterns of Gli-1, Pleckstrin Homology-Like Domain, Family A, Member 1, Transforming Growth Factor-β1/β2, and p63 in Sebaceous and Follicular Tumors. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:713-21. [PMID: 25473223 PMCID: PMC4252668 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.6.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Certain epidermal appendage tumors, including hyperplasias (hamartomas), adenomas, benign epitheliomas, primordial epitheliomas, and malignant tumors, can exhibit any stage of differentiation. Several molecules associated with tumorigenesis, such as Gli-1, pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA-1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, and p63, are associated with tumor grade and aggressive behavior in follicular and sebaceous tumors in ways that are not well understood. Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression of Gli-1, PHLDA-1, TGF-β1/β2, and p63 in benign and malignant tumors of the hair and sebaceous glands and to determine their importance in the degree of tumor differentiation. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed in follicular and sebaceous tumors using antibodies against Gli-1 (sebaceous tumor marker), PHLDA-1 (hair follicle outer root sheath [ORS] cell marker), p63, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2. Results Gli-1 was expressed in basaloid cells, sebocytes, and sebaceous carcinoma cells, and expression levels decreased as differentiation progressed. PHLDA-1 was expressed in ORS cells and some follicular tumor cells. Expression of p63 was observed in the nuclei of the outermost basaloid cells (seboblasts), poorly differentiated sebaceous carcinoma cells, and tumor cells toward the direction of the hair. Remarkably, TGF-β1 was expressed exclusively in the nuclei of benign and malignant follicular (hair) tumors, but not in sebaceous tumors, at levels that correlated with the degree of differentiation. Conclusion We propose that p63 and/or TGF-β1 are useful for predicting the degree of differentiation and malignant potential of sebaceous and follicular tumors and for distinguishing trichilemmal carcinoma from sebaceous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Cheol Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hoon Song
- Department of Dermatology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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