1
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Fukuno K, Tsurumi H, Yamada T, Oyama M, Matsuyama T, Terakura S, Kodera Y, Moriwaki H. Lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia occurring more than 11 years after receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for chronic myelogenous leukemia in myeloid blast crisis at onset. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31:211-3. [PMID: 12621483 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A 25-year-old male developed lymphoid blast crisis (BC) of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) more than 11 years after receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (alloBMT) for CML with myeloid BC at presentation from his HLA-identical brother. The lymphoid BC of CML probably occurred without a preceding chronic phase of CML. This case illustrates the difficulties involved in determining the appropriate length of follow-up after alloBMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kisogawa Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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2
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Nishii K, Usui E, Sakakura M, Miyata E, Ridge SA, Ford AM, Masuya M, Chen F, Mitani H, Yamaguchi M, Katayama N, Kita K, Shiku H. Additional t(11;17)(q23;q21) in a patient with Philadelphia-positive mixed lineage antigen-expressing leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 126:8-12. [PMID: 11343772 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe very uncommon phenotypic and cytogenetic findings in a 40-year-old female with blast phase of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive CML. In addition to the t(9;22)(q34;q11) that was detected in all metaphases, a t(11;17)(q23;q21) was identified in 15 of 20 metaphases. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed the major and minor bcr/abl fusion transcripts in the cells from a bone marrow (BM) sample. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis also showed that fusion signals of the bcr and abl probes were found in 95% of blastic cells and in 64% of neutrophils. MLL gene rearrangement was also detected in some blastic cells but not in neutrophils by FISH analysis. Phenotypically, blastic cells expressed mixed lineage antigens such as CD34, CD33, CD13, CD19, CD7, and CD41. Immunogenotypically, some population of BM cells showed monoclonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor gamma chain genes by Southern blot analysis. Clinical course was aggressive, and therapy was poorly tolerated. Such findings seem to support an association between Ph and an abnormality of 11q23 with poor prognosis, and suggest that the expression of both abnormal genes may be related to this mixed lineage antigen-expressing leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens/immunology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Blotting, Southern
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Combined Modality Therapy
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genotype
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishii
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Mie, Japan
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3
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Meissner RDV, Covas DT, Dias PM, Job F, Leite M, Nardi NB. Analysis of mRNA transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Genet Mol Biol 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47571999000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of BCR/ABL hybrid mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR in cells from 33 patients (22 males, 11 females) with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). b3a2 mRNA was found in 14 cases, whereas 13 patients had b2a2 mRNA and six had both kinds of mRNA, with a predominance of the b3a2 type. The type of mRNA present showed no significant correlation with age, hemoglobin level, number of leukocytes and platelets, percentage of blasts or basophils or the presence of splenomegaly at diagnosis. There was also no correlation with sex or duration of the chronic phase. When these results were combined with those reported by other groups, a significant association (P = 0.029) was observed for mRNA type vs. sex, with a predominance of men in the groups expressing b2a2 (2.68:1) and b3a2 (1.33:1). We conclude that the classification of patients according to mRNA type does not homogenize the clinical and hematological data within groups, where variance is large, nor does it allow a differentiation between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fani Job
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil
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4
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Lichty BD, Keating A, Callum J, Yee K, Croxford R, Corpus G, Nwachukwu B, Kim P, Guo J, Kamel-Reid S. Expression of p210 and p190 BCR-ABL due to alternative splicing in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1998; 103:711-5. [PMID: 9858221 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and its resultant fusion message, BCR-ABL, and fusion protein, p210. Patients with CML in blast crisis, or with Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), can have a smaller BCR-ABL fusion transcript possessing only the first exon of BCR fused to ABL. This smaller transcript encodes a 190 kD protein which is more strongly transforming than the p210 protein derived from the larger CML-associated transcript. We performed RT-PCR on samples from CML patients in chronic phase to determine the frequency and mechanism of p190 and p210 co-expression and to see if this correlated with clinical indices. We examined the peripheral blood or marrow of 67 patients with CML and found that 35 of them expressed both transcripts whereas the remainder expressed the p210-encoding transcript exclusively. Additional PCR products of an intermediate size were also frequently detected and have been isolated and sequenced. Data from two of these products indicate that they are the result of alternative splicing and include variable combinations of BCR exons. We believe that the expression of the p190-encoding transcript in the chronic phase of CML is also due to alternative splicing. A comparison of patients co-expressing the p190- and p210-encoding transcripts with those patients who expressed only the p210-encoding transcript detected significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) counts and blast cell counts at time of testing as well as significantly higher white blood cell counts at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Lichty
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Canada
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5
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Meissner RV, Dias PM, Covas DT, Job F, Leite M, Nardi NB. A polymorphism in exon b2 of the major breakpoint cluster region (M-bcr) identified in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients. Br J Haematol 1998; 103:224-6. [PMID: 9792313 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The BCR/ABL junctional region and the b3 exon from chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients were sequenced. In all 21 samples analysed the junctional region, as well as the b3 exon of 8 b3a2 mRNA molecules, presented no differences to the already described sequences. However, we identified a polymorphic base in the b2 exon in two out of seven b3a2 samples, four out of 10 b2a2 samples and all four b3a2/b2a2 samples analysed. In the eighth position before the junctional region of BCR/ABL cDNA, a cytosine replaces thymine in these cases. The polymorphism described here could be a useful marker for the differentiation of normal and rearranged BCR alleles in heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Meissner
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Colleoni GW, Silva MR, Silva RS, Costa FF, Kerbauy J, Saad ST. Relationship between the type of BCR-ABL rearrangement and bone marrow histopathological features in chronic myeloid leukemia. Acta Oncol 1997; 36:313-5. [PMID: 9208903 DOI: 10.3109/02841869709001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the type of BCR-ABL transcript and to correlate the molecular feature with bone marrow histology. For this purpose, we analysed the BCR-ABL rearrangement in 26 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase by RT-PCR, and we also classified the bone marrow histology according to the predominance of granulocylic (GRAN) or granulocytic and megakaryocytic (GRAM/MEG) proliferation, after analysis of two independent observers. We did not find any significant difference in survival of patients presenting b2-a2 and b3-a2 transcripts or GRAN and GRAN/MEG bone marrow types, nor did we find any significant correlation of the type of BCR-ABL transcript with the bone marrow histological subgroups GRAN and GRAN-MEG (Fisher's test = 0.31). Thus, we conclude that the presence of exon b3 is not correlated to bone marrow histology in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Exons
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Colleoni
- Divisão de Hematologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Cigudosa JC, Acosta Almeida MT, Carrasco Juan JL, Otero Gómez A, Hernández Nieto L, García Talavera J, García Miranda JL. Deletion of exon b3 of the BCR gene in CML: easy breakpoint mapping by a two-round PCR. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 91:71-3. [PMID: 8908171 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have performed the molecular analysis for the detection of the BCR-ABL and ABL-BCR fusion genes in 50 patients with myeloproliferative disorders. All patients diagnosed with CML (13 out of 50) were positive for the BCR-ABL hybrid. Six CML patients (46%) showed ABL-BCR amplifications of the Ib-BCR type. All rearrangements but one were concordant. The aberrant case presented a deletion of exon b3, in addition to the alternative Ib-BCR and Ia-BCR. Its possible origin and relevance are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Cigudosa
- Service of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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8
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Chasty R, Whetton A, Lucas G. A comparison of the effect of bcr/abl breakpoint specific phosphothiorate oligodeoxynucleotides on colony formation by bcr/abl positive and negative, CD34 enriched mononuclear cell populations. Leuk Res 1996; 20:391-5. [PMID: 8683978 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(95)00124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In chronic myeloid leukaemia, the expression by clonal cells, of a leukaemia specific bcr/abl chimeric mRNA, makes the condition suitable for the application of "antisense" strategies. Furthermore, the origin of the condition in a pluripotential progenitor allows enrichment of leukaemic clonogenic cells by selection for CD34 expression, together with a useful reduction in contaminating accessory cells. In a methylcellulose clonogenic assay system we incubated bcr/abl expressing (n = 9) and bcr/abl negative (n = 8), CD34 enriched progenitors with phosphothiorate oligodeoxynucleotides (PS oligomers), antisense and sense to the b3a2 and b2a2 chimeric bcr/abl junctional sequences. All samples were cloned in the presence of both antisense, and sense PS oligomers to provide appropriate controls. For bcr/abl positive progenitors, the mean number of colonies formed was reduced by 21 (39%) (P < 0.05) in the presence of the specific antisense oligomer, 11 (20%) (P < 0.05) with the antisense oligomer directed to the alternative junctional breakpoint, and colony formation was not significantly altered by either sense PS oligomer. Colony formation by bcr/abl negative progenitors was not reproducibly reduced by any of the PS oligomers. These results confirm that PS oligomers can have a sequence dependent inhibitory effect on a CD34 enriched progenitor population from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD34/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Bone Marrow/physiology
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/drug therapy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Oligonucleotides/pharmacology
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Reference Values
- Thionucleotides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chasty
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmaty, U.M.I.S.T., U.K
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9
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Léglise MC, Pluchon-Rivière E, Le Calvez G, Abgrall JF, Berthou C, Autrand C, Sensebé L, Balcon D, LeRoux AM. Molecular diagnosis and follow up in myeloproliferative syndromes and acute leukemias: correlation between expression of fusion transcripts and disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1996; 21:187-99. [PMID: 8726399 DOI: 10.3109/10428199209067600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Base Sequence
- Child
- Disease Progression
- Follow-Up Studies
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/diagnosis
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Léglise
- Laboratoire d' Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, France
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10
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Ferrajoli A, Fizzotti M, Liberati AM, Grignani F. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: an update on the biological findings and therapeutic approaches. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1996; 22:151-74. [PMID: 8793272 DOI: 10.1016/1040-8428(96)00192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Child
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Oncogenes
- Prognosis
- Risk Assessment
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferrajoli
- Istituto di Medicina Interna e Scienze Oncologiche, Università di Perugia, Italy
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11
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Verschraegen CF, Kantarjian HM, Hirsch-Ginsberg C, Lee MS, O'Brien S, Rios MB, Stass SA, Keating M, Talpaz M. The breakpoint cluster region site in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Clinical, laboratory, and prognostic correlations. Cancer 1995; 76:992-7. [PMID: 8625225 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19950915)76:6<992::aid-cncr2820760612>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breakpoint site of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) has been correlated with patient characteristics, with the disease phase, and with the prognosis of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but the findings remain controversial. METHODS Appropriate restriction enzymes and the 3' and universal probes were used to map the breakpoint site by Southern blot analysis into 5' and 3' breakpoints and a breakpoint in zone 3 (or fragment 2) in 362 patients in different phases of CML (238 in early chronic phase, 69 in late chronic phase, 31 in accelerated phase, and 24 in blastic phase). Standard statistical methods were used to evaluate differences in characteristics and in prognosis by the breakpoint site. RESULTS No correlation was noted between CML phases and breakpoint site. Among patients in the early chronic phase, thrombocytosis was significantly associated with the 3' breakpoint site (P = 0.02), whereas peripheral basophilia occurred more frequently with the 5' breakpoint site (P = 0.05). Other patient and disease characteristics were similar in frequency among the breakpoint-site subgroups. There was no difference in response to alpha-interferon therapy (186 patients treated) by the breakpoint site. Survival, dated from either referral to the authors' institution or from diagnosis, was not significantly different among patients with early chronic phase CML by the breakpoint site. However, patients with a 3' deletion tended to have a shorter survival. CONCLUSION Determination of the breakpoint site by Southern blot analysis does not help to predict prognosis of patients with CML.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Restriction Mapping
- Survival Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Verschraegen
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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12
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Janssen JW, Ridge SA, Papadopoulos P, Cotter F, Ludwig WD, Fonatsch C, Rieder H, Ostertag W, Bartram CR, Wiedemann LM. The fusion of TEL and ABL in human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is a rare event. Br J Haematol 1995; 90:222-4. [PMID: 7786792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb03407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have recently identified a common ALL patient which harboured a chromosomal fusion between the TEL gene on chromosome 12 and the ABL gene on chromosome 9. We designed an RT-PCR assay to screen 186 adult ALL and 30 childhood ALL patients for this novel translocation. We were unable to identify any additional cases with a TEL/ABL fusion product.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Janssen
- Department of Paediatrics II, University of Ulm, Germany
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13
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Smith MA, Mills KI, Smith JG. Long-term culture and molecular biological studies highlight differences in relative BCR-ABL expression levels in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of a patient with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1994; 88:406-8. [PMID: 7803292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb05041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A patient with accelerating Ph+ve chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) was considered for autologous BMT using marrow 'purged' by 4 weeks long-term culture (LTC). Efficacy of purging was determined using reverse transcriptase PCR for BCR-ABL mRNA transcripts b2a2 and b3a2. Peripheral blood and bone marrow were compared. Three observations emerged: (i) the initial b2a2:b3a2 ratios for unmanipulated blood and marrow were different with values of 9:1 and 2:1 respectively; (ii) both transcripts were successfully 'purged' with LTC of blood but not marrow; and (iii) LTC of marrow caused a transient increase in relative levels of b3a2 mRNA and a corresponding reduction in the b2a2 signal. This is the first case where such differences have been demonstrated in association with LTC.
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MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Purging/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/biosynthesis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Smith
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospital Trust, Bath
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14
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Stewart M, Cox G, Reifel-Miller A, Kim S, Westbrook C, Leibowitz D. A novel transcriptional suppressor located within a downstream intron of the BCR gene. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Tanaka K, Hashimoto T, Oguma N, Dohy H, Kamada N. Influence of M-BCR breakpoint sites on the duration of chronic phase in 100 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 70:39-47. [PMID: 8221611 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90129-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangements of the bcr (M-BCR) gene were studied in 100 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). To determine the significance of a chimeric gene expression in the progression of CML, we analyzed 43 patients for bcr-ABL chimeric mRNA expression. Both DNA and RNA analyses revealed a possible influence of breakpoint sites in the bcr region on the duration of the chronic phase. Patients with the breakpoint located at about the 1-kb region between BamHI and HindIII in bcr exon 3 (region C2) had a significantly shorter chronic phase (31 months) (p = 0.028) than patients in whom the breakpoint was located in other regions. When the bcr locus was divided into 5' and 3' regions as for the BamHI cleavage site located near the 5' region of bcr exon 3, the chronic phase duration in patients with the 5' site (HindIII-BamHI) and 3' site (BamHI-EcoRI site) was 75 and 38 months, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.128). These results suggest that only the breakpoint site at C2 on the bcr locus, rather than breakpoint sites in other regions, has an important role in the progression of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Mapping
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Restriction Mapping
- Survival Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Hiroshima University, Japan
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16
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Zaccaria A, Martinelli G, Buzzi M, Testoni N, Farabegoli P, Zuffa E, Zamagni MD, Russo D, Baccarani M, Ambrosetti A. The type of BCR/ABL junction does not predict the survival of patients with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1993; 84:265-8. [PMID: 8398828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic value of the location of the breakpoint on chromosome 22 in patients with Ph1+ chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is still controversial. We analysed both DNA rearrangement and transcript type in a new continuous series of CML patients. By Southern blotting analysis, we found that, out of 72 patients, 43 had a 5' rearrangement and 29 a 3' one, of the 43 5'-rearranged patients, 35 carried an a2b2 transcript and eight an a2b3 one, while, of the 29 patients rearranged in the 3' part of the M-BCR area, 26 had an a2b3 transcript, one had an a2b2 transcript and two carried both types of transcript. Thus, mRNA studies allow to detect an a2b3 transcript in 17.7% of 5' rearranged patients. However, no correlation was observed between type of transcript and survival, as after DNA studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Female
- Genes, abl/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaccaria
- Istituto di Ematologia Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli, Università di Bologna, Italia
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17
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Sessarego M, Martinelli G, Chiamenti A, Defferrari R, Fugazza G, Bruzzone R, Ajmar F, Pignatti PF. Molecular analysis of six variant Philadelphia chromosome translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 67:50-4. [PMID: 8504399 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90043-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In 420 Philadelphia positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients karyotyped at diagnosis in our laboratory, 26 Ph variants (6.2%) were observed. Twelve of them are reported. Five cases are "simple" variants without detectable involvement of band 9q34, and seven are "complex," since a third chromosomal band is involved in the Ph formation. Two translocations [t(7;22)(q36;q11) and t(9;22;12)(q34;q11;q11)] are reported for the first time. Six cases were characterized molecularly, and bcr-abl rearrangement was demonstrated, confirming involvement of 9q34 band also in the cases in which chromosomes 9 appear cytogenically normal. Chimeric mRNAs in which M-BCR exon 3 is joined to abl exon 2 (type b3-a2) were detected in four of six cases; one case showed a DNA breakpoint in zone III, which may also give rise to the same transcript. In one case, mRNA junction was b2-a2. The frequency of the b3-a2 junction occurs more frequently in CML patients with a Ph variant than in patients with the standard translocation, suggesting a preferential correlation between this type of transcript and the involvement of other chromosomes in Ph formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sessarego
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, Italy
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18
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Inokuchi K, Nomura T. The relationship between the type of bcr-abl hybrid messenger RNA and thrombopoiesis in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1993; 10:9-15. [PMID: 8374529 DOI: 10.3109/10428199309147351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Formation of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome, which contains the hybrid bcr-abl gene, is thought to be the initial event in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The positions of the breakpoint within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) on the bcr-abl gene in 22 chronic-phase cases of Ph1-positive CML were determined using conventional Southern blots, and the splicing pattern were also determined the species of the fused bcr-abl mRNA in 79 CML cases using the polymerase chain-reaction procedure (RT-PCR). The location of the breakpoint within the bcr locus was assigned to one of five zones. Breakpoints in zones 1 and 2 were grouped as 5', and those in zones 3, 4 and 5 as 3'. Nine patients had 5' breakpoints and 13 patients had 3' breakpoints. The platelet counts of 3' patients were significantly higher than those of 5' patients (1395 vs 274 x 10(9)/L; p < 0.03). The megakaryocyte counts from bone marrow histological sections in 3' patients (n = 12) and 5' patients (n = 7) were 63.4/mm2 and 19.5/mm2, with a significant difference at p < 0.006. The mean number of megakaryocyte progenitor cells assayed by in vitro cloning was 128.3/2 x 10(5) bone marrow cells for 3' patients (n = 7) compared with 46.3 for 5' patients (n = 4). Using the RT-PCR technique, the bcr exon 2/abl exon 2 fused mRNA (b2-a2) was detected in 18 patients, the bcr exon 3/abl exon 2 fused mRNA (b3-a2) was detected in 45 patients, and both types of mRNA were detected in 16 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Blood Platelets/physiology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genes, abl
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Megakaryocytes
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Platelet Count
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inokuchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Van Etten RA. The molecular pathogenesis of the Philadelphia-positive leukemias: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Treat Res 1993; 64:295-325. [PMID: 8095796 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3086-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Mice
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Proto-Oncogenes
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Van Etten
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Blood Research, Boston, MA 02115
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20
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Cross NC, Feng L, Bungey J, Goldman JM. Minimal residual disease after bone marrow transplant for chronic myeloid leukaemia detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Leuk Lymphoma 1993; 11 Suppl 1:39-43. [PMID: 8251914 DOI: 10.3109/10428199309047861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the methodology and application of the polymerase chain reaction to detect BCR-ABL mRNA as a marker for CML cells. The technique is highly sensitive enabling the routine detection of 1 leukaemic cell in 10(5) or 10(6) normal cells and is therefore the most sensitive method available for detecting minimal residual disease. Analysis of marrow or blood from 80 patients after bone marrow transplantation for CML shows that residual leukemia is often detectable for several months but that most subsequently become PCR negative. Patients who relapsed were all PCR positive before the detection of Philadelphia positive metaphases in bone marrow aspirates.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- DNA Primers
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/analysis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/surgery
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplastic Stem Cells
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Postoperative Period
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Remission Induction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Treatment Failure
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Cross
- LRF Leukaemia Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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21
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Hernández A, Corral L, Muñiz A, Alaez C, Cruz C, Vega G, Dorticos E, Martínez G, Hernández P. Lack of M-bcr rearrangement with b3a2 junction revealed by polymerase chain reaction in a case of Philadelphia-positive intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma in leukaemic phase. Br J Haematol 1992; 82:626-7. [PMID: 1486047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1992.tb06481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Hematologia e Inmunologia, La Habana, Cuba
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22
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Futaki M, Inokuchi K, Matsuoka H, Miyake K, Dan K, Nomura T. Relationship of the type of bcr-abl hybrid mRNA to clinical course and transforming activity in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Res 1992; 16:1071-5. [PMID: 1434743 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(92)90045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the type of bcr-abl mRNA for 34 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and analyzed for correlations among the mRNA type, the clinical outcome and the transforming activity using the tumorigenicity assay. There was no difference in the distribution of the mRNA-types (b2-a2 and b3-a2) between clinical phases. We found no correlation between the two types of bcr-abl mRNA and the chronic phase duration or survival. The DNA from 12 of 20 chronic phase patients and all five blastic phase patients showed transforming activity. Although there was no difference in the positive rate of transforming activity among the two mRNA-type groups, the blastic phase patients showed a tendency to have higher transforming activity.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger
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Affiliation(s)
- M Futaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Allen PB, Morgan GJ, Wiedemann LM. Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukaemia: the translocated genes and their gene products. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY 1992; 5:897-930. [PMID: 1308169 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3536(11)80051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates a role for the deregulated ABL protein tyrosine kinase in the aetiology of CML and Ph-positive acute leukaemia. These disorders are characterized by the generation of BCR/ABL fusion proteins with elevated tyrosine kinase activity. Although much is known concerning the transforming potential of ABL proteins in various systems, very little is understood of the normal function and mode of regulation of ABL activity. The mechanism of oncogenic activation is therefore also obscure. In spite of this, our understanding of the molecular details of these chromosomal translocations allows the design of therapies directed against their unique, leukaemia-specific proteins and RNA products.
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MESH Headings
- Abelson murine leukemia virus/genetics
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Child
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/physiology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/classification
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Allen
- Leukaemia Research Fund Centre, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
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24
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Morgan GJ, Wiedemann LM. The clinical application of molecular techniques in Philadelphia-positive leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1992; 80:1-5. [PMID: 1536795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1992.tb06392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G J Morgan
- Leukaemia Research Fund Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London
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25
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Secker-Walker LM, Morgan GJ, Min T, Swansbury GJ, Craig J, Yamada T, Desalvo L, Medina JW, Chowdhury V, Donahue RP. Inversion of chromosome 16 with the Philadelphia chromosome in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia. Report of two cases. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1992; 58:29-34. [PMID: 1728947 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90129-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two cases are described with the rare combination of inv(16)(p13q22), strongly associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia, M4Eo, and the Philadelphia translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11), hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and rarely found, (less than 1%), in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The patients were: case 1, a 9-year-old girl presenting with a white blood cell count (WBC) 42 x 10(9)/L with 32% blasts and bone marrow with blasts and eosinophil precursors consistent with M4Eo, and case 2, a 25-year-old man with WBC 34.7 x 10(9)/L with 13% blasts and bone marrow with features of M4Eo and basophilia. Both patients achieved remission but died following bone marrow transplantation in first remission (case 1) or in relapse (case 2). Cytogenetic findings were: case 1, at diagnosis, 46,XX,inv(16)(p13q22)(21)/46,XX,t(9;22) (q34;q11),inv(16)(8)/46,XX(10), and case 2, at diagnosis, 46,XY,t(9;22) (q34;q11),inv(16)(p13q22) (16) and in remission, 46,XY,t(9;22)(q34;q11) (1)/46,XY (24). Investigation of the breakpoint on 22 in case 1 with Southern blotting and the polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the presence of a p190 mRNA and a breakpoint typical of acute leukemia. Thus a diagnosis of M4Eo was supported by clinical and cytogenetic sequelae in each case; the Ph in case 1 was apparently secondary to inv(16), in case 2 the Ph probably preceded inv(16) in the etiology of the leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Child
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Eosinophilia/complications
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/complications
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Secker-Walker
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
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26
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Sessarego M, Frassoni F, Defferrari R, Bacigalupo A, Fugazza G, Mareni C, Bruzzone R, Dejana A, Ajmar F. Karyotype evolution of Ph positive chronic myelogenous leukemia patients relapsed in advanced phases of the disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1991; 57:69-78. [PMID: 1756487 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90191-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-eight patients affected by Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and were successfully studied from a cytogenetic point of view, before and after the BMT. Nineteen had evidence of cytogenetic and clinical relapse. Cytogenetic analyses of 14 patients who, after the relapse, showed progression to the accelerated or blastic phase of the disease, are presented. Five of these cases had only the Ph chromosome without karyotype evolution; in one case Ph duplication without other anomalies was detected, while in the remaining eight cases cytogenetic analysis showed apparently random clonal structural abnormalities (translocations, inversions, deletions, and marker formations). Therefore, the classical "non-random" abnormalities (+8, i(17q), +Ph, +19, +21) were not as common as in conventionally treated Ph+ CML. From our data, karyotype evolution during advanced phases in Ph+ CML patients after BMT differs from the evolution seen in conventionally treated patients, by the presence of numerous structural unusual abnormalities, possibly related to radiochemotherapy conditioning to BMT. Therefore, BMT treatment is not always able to eradicate the Ph+ clone but can reduce the incidence of the formation and/or expansion of Ph+ clones with additional non-random abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sessarego
- Dipartimento Medicina Interna, University of Genoa, Italy
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27
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Dowding C, Guo AP, Maisin D, Gordon MY, Goldman JM. The effects of interferon-alpha on the proliferation of CML progenitor cells in vitro are not related to the precise position of the M-BCR breakpoint. Br J Haematol 1991; 77:165-71. [PMID: 2004017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb07972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of brief (2 h) and continuous exposure to recombinant interferon-alpha (2a) (rIFN-alpha) on the proliferation of primitive (blast colony-forming cells, Bl-CFC) and committed myeloid progenitor cells (BFU-E and GM-CFC) derived from blood and bone marrow of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and normal subjects. In all three clonogenic assays, rIFN-alpha suppressed colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. No differences were detected in the proliferation of CML or normal Bl-CFC and GM-CFC exposed to rIFN-alpha. Erythroid colony formation by normal, but not by CML BFU-E, was inhibited by relatively low concentrations (100 U/ml) of rIFN-alpha. However, in patients whose blood or marrow contained a mixture of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive and Ph-negative BFU-E, cytogenetic analysis of individual erythroid colonies showed no differential inhibition by rIFN-alpha. We found no difference in the sensitivity to rIFN-alpha of GM-CFC from patients whose leukaemic cells expressed BCR/ABL mRNA with the b2a2 junction and that of GM-CFC from patients with the b3a2 mRNA. We conclude that (1) rIFN-alpha does not have a significant leukaemia-specific effect on the progenitor cells detected in these assays, and (2) the sensitivity of CML GM-CFC to rIFN-alpha is independent of the type of BCR/ABL message present in the cells. The clinical efficacy of rIFN-alpha could be due to selective toxicity to cells not assayed in this study, to effects on accessory cells or to alterations induced in progenitor cell/stromal cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dowding
- MRC/LRF Leukaemia Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London
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