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Gribaldo L, Bueren J, Deldar A, Hokland P, Meredith C, Moneta D, Mosesso P, Parchment R, Parent-Massin D, Pessina A, Roman JS, Schoeters G. The Use of In Vitro Systems for Evaluating Haematotoxicity. Altern Lab Anim 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299602400212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gribaldo
- ECVAM, JRC Environment Institute, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy and Consorzio Milano Ricerche, via Ampere, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Juan Bueren
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Environment Institute, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed Deldar
- Toxicology Research Laboratories, Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA
| | - Peter Hokland
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clive Meredith
- BIBRA Toxicology International, Woodmansterne Road, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 4DS, UK
| | - Donatella Moneta
- Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Section, Toxicology and Safety Assessment Department, Pharmacia, via per Pogliano, 20014 Nerviano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mosesso
- DABAC, University of Tuscia, via S.Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ralph Parchment
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Dominique Parent-Massin
- Ecole Superieure de Microbiologic, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzane, France
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Milan, via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Julia San Roman
- Advanced Tissue Sciences, 505 Coast Blv. South, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department of Environment, VITO — Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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Bone Marrow Adipocytes: The Enigmatic Components of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050707. [PMID: 31109063 PMCID: PMC6572059 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMA) exert pleiotropic roles beyond mere lipid storage and filling of bone marrow (BM) empty spaces, and we are only now beginning to understand their regulatory traits and versatility. BMA arise from the differentiation of BM mesenchymal stromal cells, but they seem to be a heterogeneous population with distinct metabolisms, lipid compositions, secretory properties and functional responses, depending on their location in the BM. BMA also show remarkable differences among species and between genders, they progressively replace the hematopoietic BM throughout aging, and play roles in a range of pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes and anorexia. They are a crucial component of the BM microenvironment that regulates hematopoiesis, through mechanisms largely unknown. Previously considered as negative regulators of hematopoietic stem cell function, recent data demonstrate their positive support for hematopoietic stem cells depending on the experimental approach. Here, we further discuss current knowledge on the role of BMA in hematological malignancies. Early hints suggest that BMA may provide a suitable metabolic niche for the malignant growth of leukemic stem cells, and protect them from chemotherapy. Future in vivo functional work and improved isolation methods will enable determining the true essence of this elusive BM hematopoietic stem cell niche component, and confirm their roles in a range of diseases. This promising field may open new pathways for efficient therapeutic strategies to restore hematopoiesis, targeting BMA.
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Reagan MR, Rosen CJ. Navigating the bone marrow niche: translational insights and cancer-driven dysfunction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:154-68. [PMID: 26607387 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche consists of stem and progenitor cells destined to become mature cells such as haematopoietic elements, osteoblasts or adipocytes. Marrow cells, influenced by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors, ultimately function as a unit to regulate bone remodelling and haematopoiesis. Current evidence highlights that the bone marrow niche is not merely an anatomic compartment; rather, it integrates the physiology of two distinct organ systems, the skeleton and the marrow. The niche has a hypoxic microenvironment that maintains quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and supports glycolytic metabolism. In response to biochemical cues and under the influence of neural, hormonal, and biochemical factors, marrow stromal elements, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), differentiate into mature, functioning cells. However, disruption of the niche can affect cellular differentiation, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to malignancy. In this Review, we propose that the niche reflects the vitality of two tissues - bone and blood - by providing a unique environment for stem and stromal cells to flourish while simultaneously preventing disproportionate proliferation, malignant transformation or loss of the multipotent progenitors required for healing, functional immunity and growth throughout an organism's lifetime. Through a fuller understanding of the complexity of the niche in physiologic and pathologic states, the successful development of more-effective therapeutic approaches to target the niche and its cellular components for the treatment of rheumatic, endocrine, neoplastic and metabolic diseases becomes achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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Franzke A, Geffers R, Hunger JK, Pförtner S, Piao W, Ivanyi P, Grosse J, Probst-Kepper M, Ganser A, Buer J. Identification of novel regulators in T-cell differentiation of aplastic anemia patients. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:263. [PMID: 17052335 PMCID: PMC1626471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure syndrome mostly characterized by an immune-mediated destruction of marrow hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells. The resulting hypocellularity limits a detailed analysis of the cellular immune response. To overcome this technical problem we performed a microarray analysis of CD3+ T-cells derived from bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood samples of newly diagnosed AA patients and healthy volunteers. Two AA patients were additionally analyzed after achieving a partial remission following immunosuppression. The regulation of selected candidate genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Among more than 22,200 transcripts, 583 genes were differentially expressed in the bone marrow of AA patients compared to healthy controls. Dysregulated genes are involved in T-cell mediated cytotoxicity, immune response of Th1 differentiated T-cells, and major regulators of immune function. In hematological remission the expression levels of several candidate genes tend to normalize, such as immune regulators and genes involved in proinflammatory immune response. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a pivotal role of Th1/Tc1 differentiated T-cells in immune-mediated marrow destruction of AA patients. Most importantly, immune regulatory genes could be identified, which are likely involved in the recovery of hematopoiesis and may help to design new therapeutic strategies in bone marrow failure syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Franzke
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Katrin Hunger
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Pförtner
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wenji Piao
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Ivanyi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Grosse
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Probst-Kepper
- Junior Research Group for Xenotransplantation, Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Chu Y. Immunosuppressive therapy for acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA): a prospective comparison of four different regimens. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:826-31. [PMID: 16797409 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate four different immunosuppressive therapy (IST) regimens as treatment of acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA). PATIENTS AND METHODS 142 consecutive SAA patients were randomized to receive one of the following IST regimens: equine anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (E-ATG) alone (IST regimen I); E-ATG and cyclosporine A (CSA) (IST regimen II); E-ATG, CSA plus recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF) and rhu erythropoietin (rhuEPO) (IST regimen III); or rabbit ATG (ATG-F), CSA, rhuGM-CSF, and rhuEPO (IST regimen IV). No repeated courses of E-ATG or ATG-F were given for nonresponders. All patients also received stanozolol or testosteron propionate. RESULTS The overall response rate to IST regimen I was 58%. The response to IST regimen II (79%) was significantly higher (p = 0.04), more rapid and complete than after IST regimen I. The response rate to IST regimen IV (53%) was significantly lower than that of IST regimen III (73%, p = 0.039). The additional use of growth factors did not reduce early deaths and did not accelerate hematopoietic recovery after IST. Of the 142 patients enrolled in this trial, 92 (65%) are alive at a median follow-up time of 102 months (range, 54-166 months). The 5-year actuarial survival for IST regimens I, II, III, and IV was 58%, 81%, 80%, and 66%, respectively. CONCLUSION The combination of E-ATG and CSA remains the best combination for the treatment of SAA patients, producing a survival advantage at 5 years. The addition of growth factors did not improve these results. Rabbit ATG-F appeared less effective than E-ATG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zheng
- Severe Aplastic Anemia Studying Program, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Bennett BD, Solar GP, Yuan JQ, Mathias J, Thomas GR, Matthews W. A role for leptin and its cognate receptor in hematopoiesis. Curr Biol 1996; 6:1170-80. [PMID: 8805376 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)70684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoiesis entails the production of multiple blood cell lineages throughout the lifespan of the organism. This is accomplished by the regulated expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors that originate from self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells. Studies of lineage commitment and proliferation have shown that the cytokine family of growth factors plays an important role in hematopoietic differentiation. However, in hematopoiesis, as in most self-renewing biological systems, the molecules that regulate the stem cells directly remain largely unknown. In this study, we have undertaken a search for novel cytokines that may influence the fate of hematopoietic stem cells. RESULTS We have cloned three splice variants of a novel cytokine receptor from human hematopoietic stem cells expressing the CD34 antigen, one of which is identical to the leptin receptor. Expression analysis revealed that the leptin receptor is expressed in both human and murine hematopoietic stem cell populations, and that leptin is expressed by hematopoietic stroma. We show that leptin provides a proliferative signal in hematopoietic cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that leptin provides a proliferative signal in BAF-3 cells and increases the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell populations. The proliferative effects of leptin seem to be at the level of a multilineage progenitor, as shown by increased myelopoiesis, erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Analysis of db/db mice, in which the leptin receptor is truncated, revealed that the steady-state levels of peripheral blood B cells and CD4-expressing T cells were dramatically reduced, demonstrating that the leptin pathway plays an essential role in lymphopoiesis. Colony assays performed using marrow from db/db and wild-type mice indicated that db/db marrow has a deficit in lymphopoietic progenitors; furthermore, db/db mice are unable to fully recover the lymphopoietic population following irradiation insult, and although the levels of peripheral blood erythrocytes are normal in db/db mice, spleen erythrocyte production is severely compromized. CONCLUSIONS We have discovered that leptin and its cognate receptor constitute a novel hematopoietic pathway that is required for normal lymphopoiesis. This pathway seems to act at the level of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, and may well also impact upon erythropoiesis, particularly in anemic states that may require output from the spleen. These findings offer a new perspective on the role of the fat cell in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Bennett
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., 460 Point San Bruno Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Opstelten
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, China
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Gordon
- Leukaemia Research Fund Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London
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