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Gasljevic G, Boltezar L, Novakovic S, Setrajcic-Dragos V, Jezersek-Novakovic B, Kloboves-Prevodnik V. CD56-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: comprehensive analysis of clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics with literature review. Radiol Oncol 2023:raon-2023-0016. [PMID: 36942468 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2023-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The expression of CD56 in DLBCL is highly unusual. Little is known about its incidence and clinical importance. So far, no genetic profiling was performed in CD56 positive DLBCL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays have been constructed, sectioned, and stained by H&E and immunohistochemistry for 229 patients with DLBCL diagnosed 2008-2017. For CD56 positive cases, clinical data was collected including age at diagnosis, stage of the disease, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, treatment scheme and number of chemotherapy cycles, radiation therapy, treatment outcome, and possible relapse of the disease. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. For four patients, RNA was extracted and targeted RNA (cDNA) sequencing of 125 genes was performed with the Archer FusionPlex Lymphoma kit. RESULTS CD56 expression was found in 7 cases (3%). The intensity of expression varied from weak to moderate focal, to very intensive and diffuse. All patients had de novo DLBCL. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 54.5 years. Five of them were women and 2 males. According to the Hans algorithm, 6 patients had the germinal centre B cells (GBC) type and one non-GBC (activated B-cell [ABC]) type, double expressor. Genetic profiling of four patients according to Schmitz's classification showed that 1 case was of the BN2 subtype, 1 of EZB subtype, 2 were unclassified. The six treated patients reached a complete response and did not experience progression of the disease during the median follow-up period of 80.5 months. CONCLUSIONS We report on one of the largest series of CD56+DLBCL with detailed clinicopathological data and for the first time described genetical findings in a limited number of patients. Our results show that CD56 expression is rare, but seems to be present in prognostic favourable subtypes of DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS) as tested by immunohistochemical or genetic profiling.
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Mosquera Orgueira A, Ferreiro Ferro R, Díaz Arias JÁ, Aliste Santos C, Antelo Rodríguez B, Bao Pérez L, Alonso Vence N, Bendaña López Á, Abuin Blanco A, Melero Valentín P, Peleteiro Raindo A, Cid López M, Pérez Encinas MM, González Pérez MS, Fraga Rodríguez MF, Bello López JL. Detection of new drivers of frequent B-cell lymphoid neoplasms using an integrated analysis of whole genomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248886. [PMID: 33945543 PMCID: PMC8096002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders exhibit a diverse spectrum of diagnostic entities with heterogeneous behaviour. Multiple efforts have focused on the determination of the genomic drivers of B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the meantime, the aggregation of diverse tumors in pan-cancer genomic studies has become a useful tool to detect new driver genes, while enabling the comparison of mutational patterns across tumors. Here we present an integrated analysis of 354 B-cell lymphoid disorders. 112 recurrently mutated genes were discovered, of which KMT2D, CREBBP, IGLL5 and BCL2 were the most frequent, and 31 genes were putative new drivers. Mutations in CREBBP, TNFRSF14 and KMT2D predominated in follicular lymphoma, whereas those in BTG2, HTA-A and PIM1 were more frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Additionally, we discovered 31 significantly mutated protein networks, reinforcing the role of genes such as CREBBP, EEF1A1, STAT6, GNA13 and TP53, but also pointing towards a myriad of infrequent players in lymphomagenesis. Finally, we report aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with novel noncoding mutations (DTX1 and S1PR2), and new recurrent copy number aberrations affecting immune check-point regulators (CD83, PVR) and B-cell specific genes (TNFRSF13C). Our analysis expands the number of mutational drivers of B-cell lymphoid neoplasms, and identifies several differential somatic events between disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Mosquera Orgueira
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Roi Ferreiro Ferro
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Ángel Díaz Arias
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Aliste Santos
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Antelo Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Laura Bao Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Natalia Alonso Vence
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ággeles Bendaña López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Aitor Abuin Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Paula Melero Valentín
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - And´res Peleteiro Raindo
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Miguel Cid López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo Pérez Encinas
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Marta Sonia González Pérez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Máximo Francisco Fraga Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Luis Bello López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Yamanaka S, Miyagawa M, Sugawara Y, Hasebe S, Fujii T, Takeuchi K, Tanaka K, Yakushijin Y. The prognostic significance of whole-body and spleen MTV (metabolic tumor volume) scanning for patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 26:225-232. [PMID: 33097970 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) has been changing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with cancers, and several PET-CT-related prognostic factors have been reported. We have focused on metabolic tumor volumes (MTVs) over the whole body and in specific organs using 18F-PET-CT imaging, and have compared clinical data to know the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2006 to December 2016, patients who were newly diagnosed for de novo DLBCL and who received 18F-FDG PET-CT scans for disease staging at Ehime University Hospital were reviewed. RESULTS A total of forty out of 108 patients with DLBCL were analyzed. The median and the average follow-up were 3.9 years and 3.6 years. Both MTV50 and MTV60 whole-body searching indicated effective prognostic values for patients with DLBCL statistically (P = 0.027). However, analysis of MTVs in the spleen and in bone marrow did not provide any prognostic value. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the cutoff level 25.8 in MTV60 is the most effective prognostic value (P = 0.022) which predicts patient survival after treatment with R-CHOP chemotherapy. CONCLUSION MTV60 using whole-body scanning appears to be an effective indicator in DLBCL and indicates the patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masao Miyagawa
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinji Hasebe
- Cancer Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Cancer Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takeuchi
- Cancer Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Research Promotion Unit, Translation Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yakushijin
- Cancer Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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Association of BoLA-DRB3.2 Alleles with BLV Infection Profiles (Persistent Lymphocytosis/Lymphosarcoma) and Lymphocyte Subsets in Iranian Holstein Cattle. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:194-207. [PMID: 26782666 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the best-characterized genetic region associated with resistance and susceptibility to a wide range of diseases. In cattle, the most important example of the relationship between the MHC and infectious diseases has been established by the resistance to Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. The association of the bovine MHC class II BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with BLV infection profiles was examined. BoLA-DRB3.2 allelic diversity was determined in 190 Iranian Holstein cattle using direct sequencing method. Association of the DRB3.2 alleles with BLV infection profiles was found as the odds ratio. Effects of the alleles on lymphocyte subsets were also evaluated by multivariate regression analysis and GLM procedures. The studied cattle were categorized into three groups: BLV seronegative, BLV seropositive with persistent lymphocytosis (PL), and BLV seropositive with lymphosarcoma (LS). The PL profile was significantly associated with the BoLA-DRB3.2*0101, *1101 and *4201 alleles, although the *3202 allele mediating resistance to PL was observed. Significant association was found between the BoLA-DRB3.2*1802, *3202, and *0901 alleles and susceptibility to LS, while the *0101 and *1101 alleles were associated with resistance to LS. BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles also showed a significant correlation with CD4, CD8, CD21 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. Allelic differences influence the immune response to BLV infection and developing the disease profile. These differences also have important consequences for tumor resistance.
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Kawasaki T, Suzuki M, Sato A, Yashima-Abo A, Satoh T, Kato R, Kato Y, Obara W, Shimoyama T, Ishida Y, Sugai T. Neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56)-positive B cell lymphoma of the urinary bladder. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:89-92. [PMID: 26391771 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masamichi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Akiko Yashima-Abo
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Renpei Kato
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimoyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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Contribution of cerebrospinal fluid sCD19 levels to the detection of CNS lymphoma and its impact on disease outcome. Blood 2014; 123:1864-9. [PMID: 24501214 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-537993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is more sensitive than conventional cytology for detection of occult leptomeningeal lymphoma; however, some FCM-negative patients show central nervous system (CNS) recurrence. Here, we evaluated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 13 B-cell-associated markers and their contribution to the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma in 91 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and 22 Burkitt lymphomas (BLs). From all markers tested, CD19 was the most informative. Thus, higher soluble CD19 (sCD19) levels were associated with a greater frequency of neurological symptoms in DLBCL and BL and with parenchymal CNS lymphoma in DLBCL; sCD19 emerged as a powerful predictor of event-free and overall survival in DLBCL and BL, particularly when combined with FCM detection of CNS disease. These results support the utility of combined FCM detection of lymphoma cells and assessment of sCD19 levels in CSF, for more accurate identification of CNS disease in DLBCL and BL patients.
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Zhao X, Zhong S, Zuo X, Lin M, Qin J, Luan Y, Zhang N, Liang Y, Rao S. Pathway-based analysis of the hidden genetic heterogeneities in cancers. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2014; 12:31-8. [PMID: 24462714 PMCID: PMC4411334 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers apparently showing similar phenotypes are actually distinct at the molecular level, leading to very different responses to the same treatment. It has been recently demonstrated that pathway-based approaches are robust and reliable for genetic analysis of cancers. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether such function-based approaches are useful in deciphering molecular heterogeneities in cancers. Therefore, we aimed to test this possibility in the present study. First, we used a NCI60 dataset to validate the ability of pathways to correctly partition samples. Next, we applied the proposed method to identify the hidden subtypes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Finally, the clinical significance of the identified subtypes was verified using survival analysis. For the NCI60 dataset, we achieved highly accurate partitions that best fit the clinical cancer phenotypes. Subsequently, for a DLBCL dataset, we identified three hidden subtypes that showed very different 10-year overall survival rates (90%, 46% and 20%) and were highly significantly (P=0.008) correlated with the clinical survival rate. This study demonstrated that the pathway-based approach is promising for unveiling genetic heterogeneities in complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | | | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiheng Qin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yizhao Luan
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Naizun Zhang
- Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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8
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Stacchini A, Barreca A, Demurtas A, Aliberti S, di Celle PF, Novero D. Flow cytometric detection and quantification of CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM) expression in diffuse large B cell lymphomas and review of the literature. Histopathology 2012; 60:452-9. [PMID: 22276608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report unusual CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM) expression on diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS AND RESULTS CD56 expression was first detected and quantified on tissues obtained from five cases of DLBCL by flow cytometry (FC), then confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The CD56 expression pattern was heterogeneous among the cases [the molecular equivalent of soluble fluorochrome (MESF) level ranged from 2214 to 133 466]. All were CD10 and Bcl-6 positive, suggesting their germinal centre origin; one was also CD5 positive. An extranodal presentation occurred in three of five cases. CONCLUSIONS CD56 expression in B cell lymphoma is a rare occurrence. FC is able to identify aberrant immunophenotypes that can be useful in the identification and monitoring of B cell lymphoma subtypes. The presence of CD56 reported by the literature on certain DLBCL with extranodal presentation might be related to mechanisms involved in growth and expansion.
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Gomyo H, Kajimoto K, Miyata Y, Maeda A, Mizuno I, Yamamoto K, Obayashi C, Hanioka K, Murayama T. CD56-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: possible association with extranodal involvement and bcl-6 expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:157-61. [PMID: 20557674 DOI: 10.1179/102453309x12583347113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Among B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, neural cell adhesion molecule/CD56 expression is exceptional. In this study, seven cases of CD56-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are described. The frequency of CD56-positive DLBCL was 7% in our hospital. Four of seven (57.1%) cases expressed both CD10 and bcl-6 suggestive of a germinal center B-cell phenotype. Six of seven (85.7%) cases expressed bcl-6. Two cases expressed aberrant T cell-associated antigens, one each of CD7 and CD8. However, none of these seven cases showed CD5 expression. No significant difference was observed between CD56-positive and CD56-negative DLBCL in terms of the five international prognostic index risk factors. However, all seven cases had at least one extranodal involvement and showed a good response to initial treatment. The predominance of extranodal involvement in our series may be associated with the adhesion-related function of CD56. A high frequency of bcl-6 expression may be associated with a more favorable clinical course and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Gomyo
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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10
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Tanimoto K, Yakushijin Y, Fujiwara H, Otsuka M, Ohshima K, Sugita A, Sakai A, Hato T, Hasegawa H, Yasukawa M. Clinical significance of co-expression of CD21 and LFA-1 in B-cell lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2009; 89:497-507. [PMID: 19360456 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-009-0303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the prognosis of CD21-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is significantly favorable to that of CD21-negative DLBCL (Otsuka et al. in Br J Haematol 127:416-424, 2004). In this study, we attempted to clarify the biological significance of CD21 expression in B-cell lymphoma (BCL) by performing in vitro experiments using CD21 transfection into a CD21-negative lymphoma cell line and analyzing clinical data from lymphoma samples. Established clones of CD21 transfectants showed homotypic aggregation in suspension culture. Analysis of integrin expression revealed that LFA-1 appeared to be expressed on CD21 transfectants, and the cell aggregation was abrogated by anti-LFA-1 antibody. The CD21 transfectants could adhere to plastic plates coated with ICAM-1. Moreover, flow cytometry and/or immunohistochemical analyses of clinical BCL samples (n = 29) revealed positive for CD21 in all cases; LFA-1 was also expressed without exception. All BCL cells isolated from cavity fluids (n = 10) failed to express both CD21 and LFA-1. These data suggest that CD21 is tightly related to LFA-1 expression in BCL and the absence of CD21/LFA-1 expression is associated with pleural/peritoneal fluid involvement by BCL, a potential indicator of disease progression of BCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Tanimoto
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yakushijin
- Cancer Center, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaki Otsuka
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuro Sugita
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hato
- Division of Blood Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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Riley RS, Williams D, Ross M, Zhao S, Chesney A, Clark BD, Ben-Ezra JM. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy: a pathologist's perspective. II. interpretation of the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. J Clin Lab Anal 2009; 23:259-307. [PMID: 19774631 PMCID: PMC6648980 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow examination has become increasingly important for the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic and other illnesses. Morphologic evaluation of the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy has recently been supplemented by increasingly sophisticated ancillary assays, including immunocytochemistry, cytogenetic analysis, flow cytometry, and molecular assays. With our rapidly expanding knowledge of the clinical and biologic diversity of leukemia and other hematologic neoplasms, and an increasing variety of therapeutic options, the bone marrow examination has became more critical for therapeutic monitoring and planning optimal therapy. Sensitive molecular techniques, in vitro drug sensitivity testing, and a number of other special assays are available to provide valuable data to assist these endeavors. Fortunately, improvements in bone marrow aspirate and needle technology has made the procurement of adequate specimens more reliable and efficient, while the use of conscious sedation has improved patient comfort. The procurement of bone marrow specimens was reviewed in the first part of this series. This paper specifically addresses the diagnostic interpretation of bone marrow specimens and the use of ancillary techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S Riley
- Medical College of Virginia Hospitals of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Miyazaki K, Yamaguchi M, Suguro M, Choi W, Ji Y, Xiao L, Zhang W, Ogawa S, Katayama N, Shiku H, Kobayashi T. Gene expression profiling of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma supervised by CD21 expression. Br J Haematol 2008; 142:562-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ingle GS, Chan P, Elliott JM, Chang WS, Koeppen H, Stephan JP, Scales SJ. High CD21 expression inhibits internalization of anti-CD19 antibodies and cytotoxicity of an anti-CD19-drug conjugate. Br J Haematol 2007; 140:46-58. [PMID: 17991300 PMCID: PMC2228374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CD19 and CD21 (CR2) are co-receptors found on B-cells and various B-cell lymphomas, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma. To evaluate their suitability as targets for therapy of such lymphomas using internalization-dependent antibody-drug conjugates [such as antibody-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, (N2′-deacetyl-N2′-(3-mercapto-1-oxopropyl)-maytansine) (MCC-DM1) conjugates, which require lysosomal degradation of the antibody moiety for efficacy], we examined uptake of antibodies to CD19 and CD21 in a panel of B-cell lines. Anti-CD21 antibodies were not sufficiently internalized even in the highest CD21-expressing Raji cells, resulting in lack of efficacy with anti-CD21-MCC-DM1 conjugates. Anti-CD19 antibody uptake was variable, and was unexpectedly negatively correlated with CD21 expression. Thus, high CD21-expressing Raji, ARH77 and primary B-cells only very slowly internalized anti-CD19 antibodies, while CD21-negative or low expressing cells, including Ramos and Daudi, rapidly internalized these antibodies in clathrin-coated vesicles followed by lysosomal delivery. Anti-CD19-MCC-DM1 caused greater cytotoxicity in the faster anti-CD19-internalizing cell lines, implying that the rate of lysosomal delivery and subsequent drug release is important. Furthermore, transfection of Ramos cells with CD21 impeded anti-CD19 uptake and decreased anti-CD19-MCC-DM1 efficacy, suggesting that CD21-negative tumours should respond better to such anti-CD19 conjugates. This may have possible clinical implications, as anti-CD21 immunohistochemistry revealed only approximately 30% of 54 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients lack CD21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys S Ingle
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although it represents a curable disease, less than half of the patients are cured with conventional chemotherapy. The highly variable outcome reflects a heterogeneous group of tumors, with different genetic abnormalities and response to therapy. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) is useful in predicting the outcome of DLBCL patients. However, patients with identical IPI still exhibit marked variability in survival, suggesting the presence of significant residual heterogeneity within each IPI category. The discovery of specific genetic alterations and the assessment of protein expression led to the identification of multiple novel single molecular markers capable of predicting the outcome of DLBCL patients independently of clinical variables. The recent application of DNA microarrays and tissue array technologies allowed a better understanding of the biology of lymphoma and the development of novel diagnostic tools capable of improving the current models for outcome prediction. However, much confusion exists in the literature regarding the importance of different prognostic biomarkers and their applicability in routine practice. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of prognostic biomarkers in DLBCL and discusses whether this is the right time for biomarkers-guided risk-adjusted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izidore S Lossos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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