1
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Prabhu SM, Banerjee B, Shetty M. A Novel PGK1 Gene Variant with Neurological Dysfunction, Haemolytic Anaemia and Myopathy: A Case Report from India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:814-816. [PMID: 38022434 PMCID: PMC10666852 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_428_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sameeta M. Prabhu
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Manipal Hospital, Old Airport Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bidisha Banerjee
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Manipal Hospital, Old Airport Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mitesh Shetty
- Department of Medical Genetics, Manipal Hospital, Old Airport Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Gutierrez E, Bayes MG, Mallick J, Dell'osso L, Lyapichev KA, Muthukumar A. Recognition of a novel variant of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency PGK1 Galveston (c.472G > C) in a child with hemolytic anemia, neurologic dysfunction and myopathy. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 40:76-85. [PMID: 35608390 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2022.2072987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) catalyzes the first ATP producing reaction in the glycolysis pathway. Certain mutations to the coding gene of PGK1 present clinically with varying manifestations including hemolytic anemia, central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and myopathy. Various PGK1 mutations have been described in the literature at the clinical and molecular level. Herein, we describe a novel case PGK1 mutation (PGK1 Galveston) in a 4-year-old boy who presented with all three manifestations. We discuss the characteristic hematopathology findings from this patient as well as provide a comparison with previously described neuroimaging findings. The variable clinical presentation of this condition along with its inherent uniqueness provide a diagnostic challenge for physicians. This presentation will add to the current body of knowledge for this condition and help guide future investigation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mathew G Bayes
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jayati Mallick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Liesel Dell'osso
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kirill A Lyapichev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Akila Muthukumar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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3
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Baba K, Fukuda T, Furuta M, Tada S, Imai A, Asano Y, Sugie H, P Takahashi M, Mochizuki H. A Mild Clinical Phenotype with Myopathic and Hemolytic Forms of Phosphoglycerate Kinase Deficiency (PGK Osaka): A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2022; 61:3589-3594. [PMID: 35527021 PMCID: PMC9790788 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9221-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is an X-linked disorder characterized by a combination of hemolytic anemia, myopathy, and brain involvement. We herein report a Japanese man who had several episodes of rhabdomyolysis but was training strenuously to be a professional boxer. Mild hemolytic anemia was noted. The enzymatic activity of PGK was significantly reduced, and a novel missense mutation, p.S62N, was identified in the PGK1 gene. A literature review revealed only one case with a mixed hemolytic and myopathic phenotype like ours. This mild phenotype indicates the complex pathophysiology of PGK deficiency and suggests the benefits of dietary control and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tokiko Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Furuta
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoru Tada
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsuko Imai
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideo Sugie
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Japan
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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4
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Guimaraes de Souza Melo C, Nelisis Zanoni J, Raquel Garcia de Souza S, Zignani I, de Lima Leite A, Domingues Heubel A, Vanessa Colombo Martins Perles J, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M. Global Proteomic Profile Integrated to Quantitative and Morphometric Assessment of Enteric Neurons: Investigation of the Mechanisms Involved in the Toxicity Induced by Acute Fluoride Exposure in the Duodenum. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:800-814. [PMID: 33689147 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system is responsible for controlling the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) functions. Enteric neuropathies are highly correlated to the development of several intestinal disturbances. Fluoride (F) is extensively applied for dental health improvement and its ingestion can promote systemic toxicity with mild to severe GIT symptomatology and neurotoxicity. Although F harmful effects have been published, there is no information regarding noxiousness of a high acute F exposure (25 mg F/kg) on enteric neurons and levels of expression of intestinal proteins in the duodenum. Quantitative proteomics of the duodenum wall associated to morphometric and quantitative analysis of enteric neurons displayed F effects of a high acute exposure. F-induced myenteric neuroplasticity was characterized by a decrease in the density of nitrergic neurons and morphometric alterations in the general populations of neurons, nitrergic neurons, and substance P varicosities. Proteomics demonstrated F-induced alterations in levels of expression of 356 proteins correlated to striated muscle cell differentiation; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; NADH and glutathione metabolic process and purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis. The neurochemical role of several intestinal proteins was discussed specially related to the modulation of enteric neuroplasticity. The results provide a new perspective on cell signaling pathways of gastrointestinal symptomatology promoted by acute F toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabela Zignani
- Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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5
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Garcia-Solaesa V, Serrano-Lorenzo P, Ramos-Arroyo MA, Blázquez A, Pagola-Lorz I, Artigas-López M, Arenas J, Martín MA, Jericó-Pascual I. A Novel Missense Variant Associated with A Splicing Defect in A Myopathic Form of PGK1 Deficiency in The Spanish Population. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100785. [PMID: 31658606 PMCID: PMC6826351 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)1 deficiency is an X-linked inherited disease associated with different clinical presentations, sometimes as myopathic affectation without hemolytic anemia. We present a 40-year-old male with a mild psychomotor delay and mild mental retardation, who developed progressive exercise intolerance, cramps and sporadic episodes of rhabdomyolysis but no hematological features. A genetic study was carried out by a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 32 genes associated with inherited metabolic myopathies. We identified a missense variant in the PGK1 gene c.1114G > A (p.Gly372Ser) located in the last nucleotide of exon 9. cDNA studies demonstrated abnormalities in mRNA splicing because this change abolishes the exon 9 donor site. This novel variant is the first variant associated with a myopathic form of PGK1 deficiency in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Garcia-Solaesa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, (M.A.R.-A.).
| | - Pablo Serrano-Lorenzo
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neurometabólicas. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain, (P.S.-L.).
| | - Maria Antonia Ramos-Arroyo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, (M.A.R.-A.).
| | - Alberto Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neurometabólicas. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain, (P.S.-L.).
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Pagola-Lorz
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain, (I.P.-L.).
| | - Mercè Artigas-López
- Department of Medical Genetics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, (M.A.R.-A.).
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neurometabólicas. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain, (P.S.-L.).
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neurometabólicas. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain, (P.S.-L.).
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ivonne Jericó-Pascual
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain, (I.P.-L.).
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6
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Zaidi AU, Bagla S, Ravindranath Y. Identification of a novel variant in phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK1) in an African-American child (PGK1 Detroit). Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 36:302-308. [PMID: 31424298 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2019.1639863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human phosphoglycerate kinase-1 enzyme is the first of two energy generating steps in the glycolysis. Since its discovery in 1968, many pathologically mutated forms of PGK1 have been described. PGK1 is expressed in all tissues. The clinical manifestations of PGK1 deficiency are some combination of anemia, central nervous system and/or musculoskeletal manifestations. We describe a case of PGK1 in an African-American child, which to our knowledge, has never been described to date. The manifestations of PGK1-Detroit (c.1105A > C (p.Thr369Pro)) include hematologic and central nervous manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar U Zaidi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit , Michigan , USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Shruti Bagla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit , Michigan , USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit , Michigan , USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan , USA
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7
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Morales-Briceño H, Ha AD, London K, Farlow D, Chang FC, Fung VS. Parkinsonism in PGK1 deficiency implicates the glycolytic pathway in nigrostriatal dysfunction. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 64:319-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Newman J, Kandikattu B. Case 4: Recurrent Orange Urine and Abdominal Pain in a 13-year-old Boy. Pediatr Rev 2018; 39:370-371. [PMID: 29967083 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Newman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL
| | - Bhavana Kandikattu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL
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9
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Matsumaru S, Oguni H, Ogura H, Shimojima K, Nagata S, Kanno H, Yamamoto T. A novel PGK1 mutation associated with neurological dysfunction and the absence of episodes of hemolytic anemia or myoglobinuria. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2017; 6:132-136. [PMID: 28580215 PMCID: PMC5451746 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2017.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency affects three different organs: red blood cells (RBC), the central nervous system, and muscles. Next-generation sequencing identified a hemizygous PGK1 mutation (p.V217I) in a 16-year-old Japanese male patient presenting with intellectual disability and episodes of muscle weakness of unknown etiology. Enzymatic analysis demonstrated slightly lower RBC-PGK activity and compensatory increases of other glycolysis enzymes. This is the first PGK1 mutation found through next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Matsumaru
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Oguni
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Shimojima
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kanno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. E-mail:
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10
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Boyd PJ, Tu WY, Shorrock HK, Groen EJN, Carter RN, Powis RA, Thomson SR, Thomson D, Graham LC, Motyl AAL, Wishart TM, Highley JR, Morton NM, Becker T, Becker CG, Heath PR, Gillingwater TH. Bioenergetic status modulates motor neuron vulnerability and pathogenesis in a zebrafish model of spinal muscular atrophy. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006744. [PMID: 28426667 PMCID: PMC5417717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration and loss of lower motor neurons is the major pathological hallmark of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), resulting from low levels of ubiquitously-expressed survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. One remarkable, yet unresolved, feature of SMA is that not all motor neurons are equally affected, with some populations displaying a robust resistance to the disease. Here, we demonstrate that selective vulnerability of distinct motor neuron pools arises from fundamental modifications to their basal molecular profiles. Comparative gene expression profiling of motor neurons innervating the extensor digitorum longus (disease-resistant), gastrocnemius (intermediate vulnerability), and tibialis anterior (vulnerable) muscles in mice revealed that disease susceptibility correlates strongly with a modified bioenergetic profile. Targeting of identified bioenergetic pathways by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis rescued motor axon defects in SMA zebrafish. Moreover, targeting of a single bioenergetic protein, phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (Pgk1), was found to modulate motor neuron vulnerability in vivo. Knockdown of pgk1 alone was sufficient to partially mimic the SMA phenotype in wild-type zebrafish. Conversely, Pgk1 overexpression, or treatment with terazosin (an FDA-approved small molecule that binds and activates Pgk1), rescued motor axon phenotypes in SMA zebrafish. We conclude that global bioenergetics pathways can be therapeutically manipulated to ameliorate SMA motor neuron phenotypes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J. Boyd
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Yo Tu
- Sheffield Institute for Translation Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah K. Shorrock
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ewout J. N. Groen
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick N. Carter
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael A. Powis
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie R. Thomson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Thomson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C. Graham
- Division of Neurobiology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna A. L. Motyl
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. Wishart
- Division of Neurobiology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J. Robin Highley
- Sheffield Institute for Translation Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Morton
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Becker
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catherina G. Becker
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translation Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H. Gillingwater
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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11
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Mohd Khialdin S, Grigg J, Rowe N, Crofts S, Wilson M, Troedson C. A negative waveform in the scotopic response in a patient with phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency: a visual electrophysiology report. Doc Ophthalmol 2015; 131:215-20. [PMID: 26396085 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-015-9511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is an X-linked neurometabolic genetic disorder with variable systemic manifestations. So far, only one patient with retinal anomalies has been reported, but no visual electrophysiology findings were described. We report the first description of visual electrophysiology in a child with PGK deficiency. This provides further information for the site of involvement in the eye. METHOD A case history of a nine-year-old boy with PGK deficiency is reported. RESULTS This patient was diagnosed with PGK deficiency by screening soon after birth, as his mother was a known carrier of a PGK gene mutation. A bone marrow transplant was performed at the age of 9 months. He had two episodes of encephalopathy following the transplant but no acute episode of haemolysis. From the age of 6 years, his vision has been deteriorating. Visual electrophysiology results identified retinal involvement involving both rod and cone dysfunction. The visual evoked potential was normal. CONCLUSIONS Retinal dystrophy may be one of the clinical manifestations of phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safinaz Mohd Khialdin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - John Grigg
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia. .,Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie St., Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia.
| | - Neil Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Crofts
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie St., Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia.,Department of Orthoptics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Troedson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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12
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Tamai M, Kawano T, Saito R, Sakurai K, Saito Y, Yamada H, Ida H, Akiyama M. Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency due to a novel mutation (c. 1180A>G) manifesting as chronic hemolytic anemia in a Japanese boy. Int J Hematol 2014; 100:393-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Valentini G, Maggi M, Pey AL. Protein Stability, Folding and Misfolding in Human PGK1 Deficiency. Biomolecules 2013; 3:1030-52. [PMID: 24970202 PMCID: PMC4030965 DOI: 10.3390/biom3041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational diseases are often caused by mutations, altering protein folding and stability in vivo. We review here our recent work on the effects of mutations on the human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (hPGK1), with a particular focus on thermodynamics and kinetics of protein folding and misfolding. Expression analyses and in vitro biophysical studies indicate that disease-causing mutations enhance protein aggregation propensity. We found a strong correlation among protein aggregation propensity, thermodynamic stability, cooperativity and dynamics. Comparison of folding and unfolding properties with previous reports in PGKs from other species suggests that hPGK1 is very sensitive to mutations leading to enhance protein aggregation through changes in protein folding cooperativity and the structure of the relevant denaturation transition state for aggregation. Overall, we provide a mechanistic framework for protein misfolding of hPGK1, which is insightful to develop new therapeutic strategies aimed to target native state stability and foldability in hPGK1 deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Valentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3B, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Maristella Maggi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3B, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Angel L Pey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
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14
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Chiarelli LR, Morera SM, Bianchi P, Fermo E, Zanella A, Galizzi A, Valentini G. Molecular insights on pathogenic effects of mutations causing phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32065. [PMID: 22348148 PMCID: PMC3279470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) catalyzes an important ATP-generating step in glycolysis. PGK1 deficiency is an uncommon X-linked inherited disorder, generally characterized by various combinations of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia, neurological dysfunctions, and myopathies. Patients rarely exhibit all three clinical features. To provide a molecular framework to the different pathological manifestations, all known mutations were reviewed and 16 mutant enzymes, obtained as recombinant forms, were functionally and structurally characterized. Most mutations heavily affect thermal stability and to a different extent catalytic efficiency, in line with the remarkably low PGK activity clinically observed in the patients. Mutations grossly impairing protein stability, but moderately affecting kinetic properties (p.I47N, p.L89P, p.C316R, p.S320N, and p.A354P) present the most homogeneous correlation with the clinical phenotype. Patients carrying these mutations display hemolytic anemia and neurological disorders, and,except for p.A354P variant, no myopaty. Variants highly perturbed in both catalytic efficiency (p.G158V, p.D164V, p.K191del, D285V, p.D315N, and p.T378P) and heat stability (all, but p.T378P) result to be mainly associated with myopathy alone. Finally, mutations faintly affecting molecular properties (p.R206P, p.E252A, p.I253T, p.V266M, and p.D268N) correlate with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. These are the first studies that correlate the clinical symptoms with the molecular properties of the mutant enzymes. All findings indicate that the different clinical manifestations associated with PGK1 deficiency chiefly depend on the distinctive type of perturbations caused by mutations in the PGK1 gene, highlighting the need for determination of the molecular properties of PGK variants to assist in prognosis and genetic counseling. However, the clinical symptoms can not be understood only on the bases of molecular properties of the mutant enzyme. Different (environmental, metabolic, genetic and/or epigenetic) intervening factors can contribute toward the expression of PGK deficient clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent R. Chiarelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone M. Morera
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Bianchi
- U.O. Ematologia 2, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Fermo
- U.O. Ematologia 2, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanella
- U.O. Ematologia 2, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galizzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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15
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Stevenson RE, Holden KR, Rogers RC, Schwartz CE. Seizures and X-linked intellectual disability. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:307-12. [PMID: 22377486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability occurs as an isolated X-linked trait and as a component of recognizable X-linked syndromes in the company of somatic, metabolic, neuromuscular, or behavioral abnormalities. Seizures accompany intellectual disability in almost half of these X-linked disorders. The spectrum of seizures found in the X-linked intellectual disability syndromes is broad, varying in time of onset, type of seizure, and response to anticonvulsant therapy. The majority of the genes associated with XLID and seizures have now been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Stevenson
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA.
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16
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Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Volterrani D, Siciliano G. Cognitive impairment and McArdle disease: Is there a link? Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 21:356-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Rhodes M, Ashford L, Manes B, Calder C, Domm J, Frangoul H. Bone marrow transplantation in phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency. Br J Haematol 2011; 152:500-2. [PMID: 21223252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Sacconi S, Baillif-Gostoli S, Desnuelle C. [Retinal involvement and genetic myopathy]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2010; 166:998-1009. [PMID: 21071050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In genetic diseases, association between retinal and muscular involvement is uncommon, quite specific and frequently allows the diagnosis. In this context, three types of retinal involvement have been described: retinitis pigmentosa (RP), pattern retinal dystrophy (PRD) and exudative retinitis resembling Coats disease (CD). STATE OF THE ART The association between RP, PRD and muscle weakness is highly evocative of a mitochondrial disorder. Extra ocular muscles may be affected, but limb girdle or distal weakness can also be present in association or not with symptoms and signs of multisystemic involvement. In a large number of patients suffering from facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), retinal vessels telangectasia can be found at the fundoscopic examination. This finding, which corresponds to a developmental abnormality of peripheral retinal blood vessels, is not progressive and remains clinically asymptomatic. Nevertheless, a few patients with FSHD can develop an exsudative retinopathy resembling Coats disease with the risk of the major complication, recurrent retinal detachments. PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS Considering the diagnostic interest and the deleterious consequences that may follow retinal involvement, close collaboration between the neurologist and ophthalmologist is needed in order to establish the diagnosis, detect complications early, and set up appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sacconi
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires et SLA, hôpital Archet 1, CHU de Nice, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202 Nice, France.
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19
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Myopathic form of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency: a new case and pathogenic considerations. Neuromuscul Disord 2009; 19:207-11. [PMID: 19157875 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe an 18-year-old man with muscle cramps and recurrent exertional myoglobinuria, without hemolytic anemia or brain dysfunction. Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency was documented in muscle and erythrocytes and molecular analysis of the PGK1 gene identified a novel mutation, T378P. This is the ninth case presenting with isolated myopathy, whereas most other patients show hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia alone or associated with brain dysfunction, and a few patients have myopathy plus brain involvement. Although the diverse tissue involvement in PGK deficiency remains unclear, all mutations in myopathic patients tend to cluster in the C terminal domain, adjacent to the substrate-binding pocket. This may lead to a failure in the closure of the N terminal and C terminal domains and loss of stability due to lack of inter-domain communication during the catalytic process.
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Boda E, Pini A, Hoxha E, Parolisi R, Tempia F. Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR studies in mouse brain. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 37:238-53. [PMID: 18607772 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since a growing number of studies based on the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) continue to be published in order to highlight genes specifically involved in brain development, maturation, and function, the identification of reference genes suitable for this kind of experiments is now an urgent need in the neuroscience field. The aim of this work was to verify the suitability of some very common housekeeping genes (such as Gapdh, 18s, and B2m) and of some relatively new control genes (such as Pgk1, Tfrc, and Gusb) during mouse brain maturation. We tested the candidate reference genes in mouse whole brain, cerebellum, brain stem, hippocampus, medial septum, frontal neocortex, and olfactory bulb. Moreover, we reported the first complete study of Pgk1 expression throughout the development and the aging of mouse brain. Although no tested gene showed to be the optimal reference for all mouse brain regions, in general, the new housekeeping genes were highly stable in most of the analyzed regions. Above all, with few exceptions, Pgk1 showed to be a reliable control for the analyzed mouse brain regions during development, maturation, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Boda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is one of the relatively uncommon causes of hereditary non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia (HNSHA). The gene encoding the erythrocyte enzyme PGK1, is X-linked. Mutations of this gene may cause chronic haemolysis with or without mental retardation and they may cause myopathies, often with episodes of myoglobinuria, or a combination of these clinical manifestations. Twenty-six families have been described and in 20 of these the mutations are known. The reason for different clinical manifestations of mutations of the same gene remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Beutler
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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