1
|
Itonaga H, Mookhtiar AK, Greenblatt SM, Liu F, Martinez C, Bilbao D, Rains M, Hamard PJ, Sun J, Umeano AC, Duffort S, Chen C, Man N, Mas G, Tottone L, Totiger T, Bradley T, Taylor J, Schürer S, Nimer SD. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CARM1 promotes its enzymatic activity and alters its target specificity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3415. [PMID: 38649367 PMCID: PMC11035800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An important epigenetic component of tyrosine kinase signaling is the phosphorylation of histones, and epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers. Phosphorylation of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been shown to enhance and impair their enzymatic activity. In this study, we show that the hyperactivation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by the V617F mutation phosphorylates tyrosine residues (Y149 and Y334) in coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), an important target in hematologic malignancies, increasing its methyltransferase activity and altering its target specificity. While non-phosphorylatable CARM1 methylates some established substrates (e.g. BAF155 and PABP1), only phospho-CARM1 methylates the RUNX1 transcription factor, on R223 and R319. Furthermore, cells expressing non-phosphorylatable CARM1 have impaired cell-cycle progression and increased apoptosis, compared to cells expressing phosphorylatable, wild-type CARM1, with reduced expression of genes associated with G2/M cell cycle progression and anti-apoptosis. The presence of the JAK2-V617F mutant kinase renders acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells less sensitive to CARM1 inhibition, and we show that the dual targeting of JAK2 and CARM1 is more effective than monotherapy in AML cells expressing phospho-CARM1. Thus, the phosphorylation of CARM1 by hyperactivated JAK2 regulates its methyltransferase activity, helps select its substrates, and is required for the maximal proliferation of malignant myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Itonaga
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Adnan K Mookhtiar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sarah M Greenblatt
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Masai Rains
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Hamard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Center for Epigenetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Afoma C Umeano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Mas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Luca Tottone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tulasigeri Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Terrence Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Y, Malpica L, Cai Q, Zhao W, Zhou K, Wu J, Zhang H, Mehta-Shah N, Ding K, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Zheng M, Jin J, Yang H, Shuang Y, Yoon DH, Gao S, Li W, Zhai Z, Zou L, Xi Y, Koh Y, Li F, Prince M, Zhou H, Lin L, Liu H, Allen P, Roncolato F, Yang Z, Kim WS, Zhu J. Golidocitinib, a selective JAK1 tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, in patients with refractory or relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma (JACKPOT8 Part B): a single-arm, multinational, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:117-125. [PMID: 38092009 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golidocitinib, a selective JAK1 tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, has shown encouraging anti-tumour activity in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma in a phase 1 study (JACKPOT8 Part A). Here, we report the full analysis of a phase 2 study, in which we assessed the anti-tumour activity of golidocitinib in a large multinational cohort of patients. METHODS We did a single-arm, multinational, phase 2 trial (JACKPOT8 Part B) in 49 centres in Australia, China, South Korea, and the USA. Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma who had received at least one previous line of systemic therapy and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2. Patients were given oral golidocitinib 150 mg once daily until disease progression or other discontinuation criteria were met. The primary endpoint was the CT-based objective response rate, assessed by an independent review committee (IRC) per Lugano 2014 classification. The activity analysis set included all patients who received at least one dose and whose pathological diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma had been retrospectively confirmed by a central laboratory and who had at least one measurable lesion at baseline assessed by IRC. The safety analysis set included all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04105010, and is closed to accrual and follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Feb 26, 2021, and Oct 12, 2022, we assessed 161 patients for eligibility, of whom 104 (65%) were enrolled and received at least one dose of study drug; the activity analysis set included 88 (85%) patients (median age 58 years [IQR 51-67], 57 [65%] of 88 were male, 31 [35%] were female, and 83 [94%] were Asian). As of data cutoff (Aug 31, 2023; median follow-up was 13·3 months [IQR 4·9-18·4]), per IRC assessment, the objective response rate was 44·3% (95% CI 33·7-55·3; 39 of 88 patients, p<0·0001), with 21 (24%) patients having a complete response and 18 (20%) having a partial response. In the safety analysis set, 61 (59%) of 104 patients had grade 3-4 drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events. The most common grade 3-4 drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were neutrophil count decreased (30 [29%]), white blood cell count decreased (27 [26%]), lymphocyte count decreased (22 [21%]), and platelet count decreased (21 [20%]), which were clinically manageable and reversible. 25 (24%) patients had treatment-related serious adverse events. Deaths due to treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in three (3%) patients: two (2%) due to pneumonia (one case with fungal infection [related to golidocitinib] and another one with COVID-19 infection) and one (1%) due to confusional state. INTERPRETATION In this phase 2 study, golidocitinib showed a favourable benefit-risk profile in treating relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The results of this study warrant further randomised clinical studies to confirm activity and assess efficacy in this population. FUNDING Dizal Pharmaceutical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Song
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luis Malpica
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jianqiu Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital-Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | - Yao Liu
- Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zengjun Li
- Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Liling Zhang
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Jie Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Sujun Gao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Hematologic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liqun Zou
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaming Xi
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youngil Koh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Hui Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lie Lin
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pamela Allen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song Y, Yoon DH, Yang H, Cao J, Ji D, Koh Y, Jing H, Eom H, Kwak J, Lee W, Lee J, Shin H, Jin J, Wang M, Yang Z, Kim WS, Zhu J. Phase I dose escalation and expansion study of golidocitinib, a highly selective JAK1 inhibitor, in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:1055-1063. [PMID: 37673210 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas (r/r PTCLs) are a group of rare and aggressive diseases that lack effective therapies. Constitutive activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is reported to be associated with PTCLs. Golidocitinib is an oral, potent JAK1 selective inhibitor evaluated in a phase I/II multinational study in patients with r/r PTCLs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with r/r PTCLs were eligible. The primary objectives were to assess safety and tolerability of golidocitinib and to define its recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The secondary objectives were to evaluate its antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics (PK). RESULTS A total of 51 patients were enrolled and received golidocitinib treatment at 150 or 250 mg once daily (QD). The median prior lines of therapies were 2 (range: 1-8). Golidocitinib was tolerated at both doses tested, while a higher incidence of serious adverse events and dose modifications at 250 mg were observed. The most common grade ≥3 drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (27.5%) and thrombocytopenia (11.8%). An objective response rate of 39.2% and a complete response rate of 21.6% were observed. With median follow-up time of 14.7 and 15.9 months, the median duration of response (DoR) and progression-free survival were 8.0 and 3.3 months, respectively. Based on these data, 150 mg QD was defined as the RP2D. Golidocitinib demonstrated a favorable PK profile as an oral agent. Biomarker analysis suggested a potential correlation between JAK/STAT pathway aberrations and clinical activity of golidocitinib. CONCLUSIONS In this phase I study, golidocitinib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and encouraging antitumor efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with r/r PTCLs. These results support the initiation of the multinational pivotal study in patients with r/r PTCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - D H Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Yang
- Department of Lymphoma, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou
| | - J Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - D Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Jing
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Eom
- Hematology-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - J Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju
| | - W Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan
| | - J Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
| | - H Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - J Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - M Wang
- Dizal Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z Yang
- Dizal Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu, China
| | - W S Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Puigdevall L, Michiels C, Stewardson C, Dumoutier L. JAK/STAT: Why choose a classical or an alternative pathway when you can have both? J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1865-1875. [PMID: 35238133 PMCID: PMC8980962 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of cytokines triggers the JAK‐STAT pathway to exert various functions such as the induction of inflammation and immune responses. The receptors for these cytokines are dimers/trimers of transmembrane proteins devoid of intracellular kinase activity. Instead, they rely on Janus kinases (JAKs) for signal transduction. Classical JAK‐STAT signalling involves phosphorylation of cytokine receptors' intracellular tyrosines, which subsequently serve as docking sites for the recruitment and activation of STATs. However, there is evidence to show that several cytokine receptors also use a noncanonical, receptor tyrosine‐independent path to induce activation of STAT proteins. We identified two main alternative modes of STAT activation. The first involves an association between a tyrosine‐free region of the cytokine receptor and STATs, while the second seems to depend on a direct interaction between JAK and STAT proteins. We were able to identify the use of noncanonical mechanisms by almost a dozen cytokine receptors, suggesting they have some importance. These alternative pathways and the receptors that employ them are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léna Puigdevall
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Michiels
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clara Stewardson
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo WJ, Song P, He ZM, Cao SP, Tang JZ, Xu WQ, Xiong D, Qu FF, Zhao DF, Liu Z, Li JZ, Yin YL. JAK2 Mediates the Regulation of Pept1 Expression by Leptin in the Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) Intestine. Front Physiol 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32116786 PMCID: PMC7033393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligopeptide transporter 1 (Pept1) is located on the brush border membrane of the intestinal epithelium and plays an important role in dipeptide and tripeptide absorption from protein digestion. In this study, we cloned and characterized the cDNA sequence of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) from Ctenopharyngodon idella. The expression patterns of JAK2 in various tissues and developmental stages were characterized by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The mRNA expression levels of JAK2 and Pept1 regulated by leptin in the intestine were also analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The cDNA sequence of JAK2 is 3378 bp in length, and the mRNA of JAK2 was broadly expressed in all tissues and embryonic stages of C. idella analyzed. In addition, we found that leptin regulated expression of JAK2 and Pept1 in the intestine; Pept1 expression was down-regulated by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, luciferase experiments showed that overexpression of the JAK2 gene significantly upregulated the activity of the Pept1 5′ regulatory sequence in C. idella. In conclusion, these results may help in elucidating the regulatory effect of the leptin-mediated JAK2 pathway on intestinal Pept1 expression in C. idella and the molecular mechanism of peptide transport by the intestinal transporter Pept1 in fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Min He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Shen-Ping Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Zhou Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Qian Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Ding Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Fa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Fang Zhao
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reinwald M, Silva JT, Mueller NJ, Fortún J, Garzoni C, de Fijter JW, Fernández-Ruiz M, Grossi P, Aguado JM. ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies: an infectious diseases perspective (Intracellular signaling pathways: tyrosine kinase and mTOR inhibitors). Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24 Suppl 2:S53-S70. [PMID: 29454849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present review is part of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biologic therapies. AIMS To review, from an infectious diseases perspective, the safety profile of therapies targeting different intracellular signaling pathways and to suggest preventive recommendations. SOURCES Computer-based Medline searches with MeSH terms pertaining to each agent or therapeutic family. CONTENT Although BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors modestly increase the overall risk of infection, dasatinib has been associated with cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B virus reactivation. BRAF/MEK kinase inhibitors do not significantly affect infection susceptibility. The effect of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ibrutinib) among patients with B-cell malignancies is difficult to distinguish from that of previous immunosuppression. However, cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), invasive fungal infection and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy have been occasionally reported. Because phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitors (idelalisib) may predispose to opportunistic infections, anti-Pneumocystis prophylaxis and prevention strategies for cytomegalovirus are recommended. No increased rates of infection have been observed with venetoclax (antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 inhibitor). Therapy with Janus kinase inhibitors markedly increases the incidence of infection. Pretreatment screening for chronic hepatitis B virus and latent tuberculosis infection must be performed, and anti-Pneumocystis prophylaxis should be considered for patients with additional risk factors. Cancer patients receiving mTOR inhibitors face an increased incidence of overall infection, especially those with additional risk factors (prior therapies or delayed wound healing). IMPLICATIONS Specific preventive approaches are warranted in view of the increased risk of infection associated with some of the reviewed agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Reinwald
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany.
| | - J T Silva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Badajoz, Fundación para la Formación e Investigación de los Profesionales de la Salud (FundeSalud), Badajoz, Spain
| | - N J Mueller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Fortún
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario 'Ramon y Cajal', Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Garzoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinica Luganese, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Disease, Clinica Luganese, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - J W de Fijter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Instituto de Investigación Hospital '12 de Octubre' (i+12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Grossi
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo-Fondazioni Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - J M Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Instituto de Investigación Hospital '12 de Octubre' (i+12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hassan OA, Moey MYY, Papageorgiou CN. From anemia to polycythemia in 4 weeks. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1526-1530. [PMID: 28878919 PMCID: PMC5582235 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary polycythemia (PCV) may coexist in otherwise asymptomatic patients particularly in the presence of unsuspecting conditions such as Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). In presumed “idiopathic TTP,” autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should be investigated as a possible etiology for TTP. Standardization of targeted therapy with immunomodulatory agents may be recommended for this subset of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer A Hassan
- Saba University School of Medicine The Bottom Saba Dutch Caribbean The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Pathology Wake Forest School of Medicine Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Melissa Y Y Moey
- Saba University School of Medicine The Bottom Saba Dutch Caribbean The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Internal Medicine Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University 600 Moye Blvd Greenville North Carolina 27834 USA
| | - Christos N Papageorgiou
- SSM Cancer Care St. Mary's Health Center St. Louis Missouri USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comprehensive population-based genome sequencing provides insight into hematopoietic regulatory mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 114:E327-E336. [PMID: 28031487 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619052114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants affecting hematopoiesis can influence commonly measured blood cell traits. To identify factors that affect hematopoiesis, we performed association studies for blood cell traits in the population-based Estonian Biobank using high-coverage whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 2,284 samples and SNP genotyping in an additional 14,904 samples. Using up to 7,134 samples with available phenotype data, our analyses identified 17 associations across 14 blood cell traits. Integration of WGS-based fine-mapping and complementary epigenomic datasets provided evidence for causal mechanisms at several loci, including at a previously undiscovered basophil count-associated locus near the master hematopoietic transcription factor CEBPA The fine-mapped variant at this basophil count association near CEBPA overlapped an enhancer active in common myeloid progenitors and influenced its activity. In situ perturbation of this enhancer by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells demonstrated that it is necessary for and specifically regulates CEBPA expression during basophil differentiation. We additionally identified basophil count-associated variation at another more pleiotropic myeloid enhancer near GATA2, highlighting regulatory mechanisms for ordered expression of master hematopoietic regulators during lineage specification. Our study illustrates how population-based genetic studies can provide key insights into poorly understood cell differentiation processes of considerable physiologic relevance.
Collapse
|
9
|
Senkevitch E, Durum S. The promise of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Cytokine 2016; 98:33-41. [PMID: 28277287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinases (JAK) are a family of kinases that play an essential role in cytokine signaling and are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. As a result, the JAKs have become attractive therapeutic targets. The discovery of a JAK2 point mutation (JAK2 V617F) as the main cause of polycythemia vera lead to the development and FDA approval of a JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, in 2011. This review focuses on the various JAK and associated components aberrations implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms, leukemias, and lymphomas. In addition to ruxolitinib, other JAK inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for treating hematological malignancies. The use of JAK inhibitors alone or in combination therapy should be considered as a way to deliver targeted therapy to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilee Senkevitch
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Scott Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trung LQ, Espinoza JL, An DT, Viet NH, Shimoda K, Nakao S. Resveratrol selectively induces apoptosis in malignant cells with the JAK2V617F mutation by inhibiting the JAK2 pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2143-54. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ly Quoc Trung
- Cellular Transplantation Biology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - J. Luis Espinoza
- Cellular Transplantation Biology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Dao T. An
- Cellular Transplantation Biology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Nguyen Hoang Viet
- Cellular Transplantation Biology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology; Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Miyazaki University; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Cellular Transplantation Biology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Myeloproliferative neoplasms and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway: an overview. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2015; 37:348-53. [PMID: 26408371 PMCID: PMC4685044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms are caused by a clonal proliferation of a hematopoietic progenitor. First described in 1951 as ‘Myeloproliferative Diseases’ and reevaluated by the World Health Organization classification system in 2011, myeloproliferative neoplasms include polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis in a subgroup called breakpoint cluster region-Abelson fusion oncogene-negative neoplasms. According to World Health Organization regarding diagnosis criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms, the presence of the JAK2 V617F mutation is considered the most important criterion in the diagnosis of breakpoint cluster region-Abelson fusion oncogene-negative neoplasms and is thus used as a clonal marker. The V617F mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene produces an altered protein that constitutively activates the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and other pathways downstream as a result of signal transducers and activators of transcription which are subsequently phosphorylated. This affects the expression of genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis and regulatory proteins and modifies the proliferation rate of hematopoietic stem cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma. The vast majority of cases are associated with the chromosome translocation t(14;18), a somatic rearrangement that leads to constitutive expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 protein. Although t(14;18) clearly represents an important early event in FL pathogenesis, abundant evidence indicates that it is not sufficient. In particular, the recent application of next-generation DNA sequencing technology has uncovered numerous recurrent somatic genomic alterations associated with FL, most of which affect tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). In this article we review the existing literature on TSGs involved in the development and progression of FL. We consider the genes that are most frequently targeted by deleterious mutation, deletion or epigenetic silencing, along with strategies for developing new treatments that exploit the susceptibilities that may be conferred on lymphoma cells by the loss of particular TSGs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang YN, Qin YW, Wang C. JAK2 V617F detected in two B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients without coexisting Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: A report of two cases. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:841-844. [PMID: 25013507 PMCID: PMC4081317 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK2 V617F mutation has been observed in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-MPNs), including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis. This mutation has also been observed in a small number of other myeloid malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. The JAK2 V617F allele has rarely been evaluated in lymphoproliferative disorders. In total, 28 JAK2 V617F-positive B-cell lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients have previously been reported and all presented with Ph-MPN concomitantly. However, following investigation of the JAK2 V617F mutation in 63 B-CLL patients at the Shanghai First People’s Hospital (Shanghai, China) between January 2008 and December 2012 via allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, two B-CLL patients without a history of Ph-MPN were identified to carry the JAK2 V617F allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - You-Wen Qin
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salmoiraghi S, Montalvo MLG, D'Agostini E, Amicarelli G, Minnucci G, Spinelli O, Rambaldi A. Mutations and chromosomal rearrangements of JAK2: not only a myeloid issue. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 6:429-39. [PMID: 23991929 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2013.826910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Until today, JAK2 alterations have been mainly associated with myeloid malignancies among which they play a key pathogenic role in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. More recently, aberrations involving the JAK2 gene have also been reported in lymphoid diseases, including acute leukemia and lymphomas. In addition, the constitutively activating JAK2V617F mutation has been identified in some patients affected by B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a concomitant myeloproliferative neoplasm. Interestingly, these cases could help us to better understand the pathogenesis of these myeloid and lymphoid diseases and reveal if they share a common ancestral progenitor or just coincide. The involvement of JAK2 in lymphoid neoplasms may suggest the possibility of new therapeutic approaches broadening the use of JAK1-2 inhibitors also to these malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Salmoiraghi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamada O, Kawauchi K. The role of the JAK-STAT pathway and related signal cascades in telomerase activation during the development of hematologic malignancies. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25256. [PMID: 24416646 PMCID: PMC3876434 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase, comprising a reverse transcriptase protein (TERT) and an RNA template, plays a critical role during senescence and carcinogenesis; however, the mechanisms by which telomerase is regulated remain to be elucidated. Several signaling pathways are involved in the activation of TERT at multistep levels. The JAK-STAT pathway is indispensable for mediating signals through growth factor and cytokine receptors during the development of hematopoietic cells, and its activity is frequently upregulated in hematological malignancies. Here, we review the role of the JAK-STAT pathway and related signaling cascades in the regulation of telomerase in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamada
- Medical Research Institute and Department of Hematology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kawauchi
- Department of Medicine; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Medical Center East; Tokyo, Japan ; Nishiogu Clinic; Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Conditional deletion of Jak2 reveals an essential role in hematopoiesis throughout mouse ontogeny: implications for Jak2 inhibition in humans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59675. [PMID: 23544085 PMCID: PMC3609865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline deletion of Jak2 in mice results in embryonic lethality at E12.5 due to impaired hematopoiesis. However, the role that Jak2 might play in late gestation and postnatal life is unknown. To understand this, we utilized a conditional knockout approach that allowed for the deletion of Jak2 at various stages of prenatal and postnatal life. Specifically, Jak2 was deleted beginning at either mid/late gestation (E12.5), at postnatal day 4 (PN4), or at ∼2 months of age. Deletion of Jak2 beginning at E12.5 resulted in embryonic death characterized by a lack of hematopoiesis. Deletion beginning at PN4 was also lethal due to a lack of erythropoiesis. Deletion of Jak2 in young adults was characterized by blood cytopenias, abnormal erythrocyte morphology, decreased marrow hematopoietic potential, and splenic atrophy. However, death was observed in only 20% of the mutants. Further analysis of these mice suggested that the increased survivability was due to an incomplete deletion of Jak2 and subsequent re-population of Jak2 expressing cells, as conditional deletion in mice having one floxed Jak2 allele and one null allele resulted in a more severe phenotype and subsequent death of all animals. We found that the deletion of Jak2 in the young adults had a differential effect on hematopoietic lineages; specifically, conditional Jak2 deletion in young adults severely impaired erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis, modestly affected granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis, and had no effect on lymphopoiesis. Interestingly, while the hematopoietic organs of these mutant animals were severely affected by the deletion of Jak2, we found that the hearts, kidneys, lungs, and brains of these same mice were histologically normal. From this, we conclude that Jak2 plays an essential and non-redundant role in hematopoiesis during both prenatal and postnatal life and this has direct implications regarding the inhibition of Jak2 in humans.
Collapse
|
18
|
Derenzini E, Younes A. Targeting the JAK-STAT pathway in lymphoma: a focus on pacritinib. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:775-85. [PMID: 23442043 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.775244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway mediates signaling by cytokine, chemokine and growth factor receptors on cell surface to the nucleus. JAK/STAT pathway is aberrantly activated in a variety of lymphomas, with a dual role of promoting cell survival/proliferation and immune evasion. AREAS COVERED This review describes the preclinical rationale behind the development of JAK inhibitors in lymphoma, some of which are being evaluated in Phase I/II studies, and summarizes the characteristics and clinical results of different JAK inhibitors in clinical development. Available preclinical and clinical data about JAK inhibition in lymphoid malignancies were reviewed using a PubMed access. To date, pacritinib (SB1518), a selective JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor is the first and only JAK inhibitor that has been evaluated in patients with relapsed lymphoma. EXPERT OPINION The preclinical rationale behind the development of pacritinib in lymphoproliferative neoplasms is strong, as the deregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple lymphoma subtypes, although with different mechanisms. Pacritinib demonstrated safety and early clinical efficacy in a variety of lymphoma histologic types, providing the first proof of principle of the potential clinical value of targeting JAK/STAT pathway in lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Derenzini
- University of Bologna, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology L.A. Seragnoli, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mohd Fauzi F, Koutsoukas A, Lowe R, Joshi K, Fan TP, Glen RC, Bender A. Chemogenomics Approaches to Rationalizing the Mode-of-Action of Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic Medicines. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:661-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ci3005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Unilever Centre
for Molecular
Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia, 40 450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alexios Koutsoukas
- Unilever Centre
for Molecular
Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Lowe
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Building, 4 Newark Street,
London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Kalpana Joshi
- Symbiosis School of Biomedical
Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C. Glen
- Unilever Centre
for Molecular
Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Unilever Centre
for Molecular
Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dysfunction of the PI3 kinase/Rap1/integrin α(IIb)β(3) pathway underlies ex vivo platelet hypoactivity in essential thrombocythemia. Blood 2012; 121:1209-19. [PMID: 23243278 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-431288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), such as essential thrombocythemia (ET) have increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding, which are major sources of morbidity and mortality. Most MPD patients have a gain of function mutation in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2V617F), but little is known how JAK2V617F affects platelet function. Here, we demonstrate that platelets from ET patients have impaired SFLLRN-mediated fibrinogen binding and have lost the potentiating effect of thrombopoietin (which couples to JAK2) on this pathway. In contrast, SFLLRN-mediated P-selectin expression, ATP secretion, phosphorylation of the PKC substrate pleckstrin, and Ca(2+) mobilization were unaffected in JAK2V617F positive platelets. In addition, thrombopoietin-mediated JAK2 phosphorylation was unchanged, suggesting that signaling pathways activated downstream of JAK2 are impaired. Indeed, we found that platelets from JAK2V617F positive ET patients have significantly reduced phosphorylation of the PI3 kinase substrate Akt, and have reduced activation of Rap1 in response to thrombopoietin, IGF-1,ADP, SFLLRN, and thrombin. This effect was independent of Giα P2Y12 purinergic receptor function as ADP-mediated inhibition of VASP phosphorylation was unchanged. These results demonstrate that the PI3 kinase/Rap1 pathway is intrinsically impaired in platelets from JAK2V617F-positive ET patients, resulting in diminished thrombin and thrombopoietin-mediated integrin α(IIb)β(3) activation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ng AP. Hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and leukemic stem cells in adult myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:922-33. [PMID: 23013358 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.734615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of myeloproliferative neoplasms has changed dramatically since Dameshek proposed his classification over 50 years ago. Our knowledge of the types of cells which constitute the hematopoietic system and of how they are regulated has also appreciated significantly over this time. This review relates what is currently known about the acquired genetic mutations associated with adult myeloproliferative neoplasms to how they lead to the hematopoietic perturbations of myeloproliferative disease. There is a particular focus on how stem and progenitor cell compartments are affected by BCR-ABL1 and JAK2V617F mutations, and the particular issue of resistance of leukemic stem cells to conventional and targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P Ng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Velazquez L. The Lnk adaptor protein: a key regulator of normal and pathological hematopoiesis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 60:415-29. [PMID: 22990499 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development and function of blood cells are regulated by specific growth factors/cytokines and their receptors' signaling pathways. In this way, these factors influence cell survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Central to this positive and/or negative control are the adaptor proteins. Since their identification 10 years ago, members of the Lnk adaptor protein family have proved to be important activators and/or inhibitors in the hematopoietic, immune and vascular system. In particular, the generation of animal and cellular models for the Lnk and APS proteins has helped establish the physiological role of these molecules through the identification of their specific signaling pathways and the characterization of their binding partners. Moreover, the recent identification of mutations in the LNK gene in myeloproliferative disorders, as well as the correlation of a single nucleotide polymorphism on LNK with hematological, immune and vascular diseases have suggested its involvement in the pathophysiology of these malignancies. The latter findings have thus raised the possibility of addressing Lnk signaling for the treatment of certain human diseases. This review therefore describes the pathophysiological role of this adaptor protein in hematological malignancies and the potential benefits of Lnk therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Velazquez
- UMR U978 Inserm/Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen E, Staudt LM, Green AR. Janus kinase deregulation in leukemia and lymphoma. Immunity 2012; 36:529-41. [PMID: 22520846 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations affecting members of the Janus kinase (JAK) family have been discovered in a wide array of cancers and are particularly prominent in hematological malignancies. In this review, we focus on the role of such lesions in both myeloid and lymphoid tumors. Oncogenic JAK molecules can activate a myriad of canonical downstream signaling pathways as well as directly interact with chromatin in noncanonical processes, the interplay of which results in a plethora of diverse biological consequences. Deciphering these complexities is shedding unexpected light on fundamental cellular mechanisms and will also be important for improved diagnosis, identification of new therapeutic targets, and the development of stratified approaches to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Chen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang H, Photiou A, Grothey A, Stebbing J, Giamas G. The role of pseudokinases in cancer. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1173-84. [PMID: 22330072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Kinases play a critical role in regulating many cellular functions including development, differentiation and proliferation. To date, over 518 proteins with kinase activity, comprising ~2-3% of total cellular proteins, have been identified from within the human kinome. Interestingly, approximately 10% of kinases are categorised as pseudokinases since they lack one or more conserved catalytic residues within their kinase domain and were originally thought to have no enzymatic activity. Recently, there has been strong evidence to suggest that some pseudokinsases can not only function as scaffold proteins, but may also possess kinase activity leading to modulation of cell signalling pathways. Altered activity of these pseudokinases can result in impaired cellular function, particularly in malignancies. In this review we are discussing recent evidence that apart from a scaffolding role, pseudokinases also orchestrate cellular processes as active kinases per se in signalling pathways of malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kremyanskaya M, Mascarenhas J, Hoffman R. Why Does My Patient Have Erythrocytosis? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 26:267-83, vii-viii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
26
|
The miR-17-92 cluster expands multipotent hematopoietic progenitors whereas imbalanced expression of its individual oncogenic miRNAs promotes leukemia in mice. Blood 2012; 119:4486-98. [PMID: 22451425 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-378687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-17-92 cluster and its 6 encoded miRNAs are frequently amplified and aberrantly expressed in various malignancies. This study demonstrates that retroviral-mediated miR-17-92 overexpression promotes expansion of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in mice. Cell lines derived from these miR-17-92-overexpressing mice are capable of myeloid and lymphoid lineage differentiation, and recapitulate the normal lymphoid phenotype when transplanted to nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. However, overexpression of individual miRNAs from this locus, miR-19a or miR-92a, results in B-cell hyperplasia and erythroleukemia, respectively. Coexpression of another member of this cluster miR-17, with miR-92a, abrogates miR-92a-induced erythroleukemogenesis. Accordingly, we identified several novel miR-92a and miR-17 target genes regulating erythroid survival and proliferation, including p53. Expression of this critical target results in marked growth inhibition of miR-92a erythroleukemic cells. In both murine and human leukemias, p53 inactivation contributed to the selective overexpression of oncogenic miR-92a and miR-19a, and down-regulation of tumor-suppressive miR-17. This miR-17-92 expression signature was also detected in p53- B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients displaying an aggressive clinical phenotype. These results revealed that imbalanced miR-17-92 expression, also mediated by p53, directly transforms the hematopoietic compartment. Thus examination of such miRNA expression signatures should aid in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers displaying miR-17-92 gene amplification.
Collapse
|
27
|
Jatiani SS, Baker SJ, Silverman LR, Reddy EP. Jak/STAT pathways in cytokine signaling and myeloproliferative disorders: approaches for targeted therapies. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:979-93. [PMID: 21442038 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910397187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the cumulative result of intricately regulated signaling pathways that are mediated by cytokines and their receptors. Studies conducted over the past 10 to 15 years have revealed that hematopoietic cytokine receptor signaling is largely mediated by a family of tyrosine kinases termed Janus kinases (JAKs) and their downstream transcription factors, termed STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription). Aberrations in these pathways, such as those caused by the recently identified JAK2(V617F) mutation and translocations of the JAK2 gene, are underlying causes of leukemias and other myeloproliferative disorders. This review discusses the role of JAK/STAT signaling in normal hematopoiesis as well as genetic abnormalities associated with myeloproliferative and myelodisplastic syndromes. This review also summarizes the status of several small molecule JAK2 inhibitors that are currently at various stages of clinical development. Several of these compounds appear to improve the quality of life of patients with myeloproliferative disorders by palliation of disease-related symptoms. However, to date, these agents do not seem to significantly affect bone marrow fibrosis, alter marrow histopathology, reverse cytopenias, reduce red cell transfusion requirements, or significantly reduce allele burden. These results suggest the possibility that additional mutational events might be associated with the development of these neoplasms, and indicate the need for combination therapies as the nature and significance of these additional molecular events is better understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashidhar S Jatiani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Qian CJ, Yao J, Si JM. Nuclear JAK2: form and function in cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:1446-59. [PMID: 21809458 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The conventional view of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase which transmits information to the nucleus via the signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STATs) without leaving the cytoplasm. However, accumulating data suggest that JAK2 may signal by exporting from cytoplasm to nucleus, where it guides the transcriptional machinery independent of STATs protein. Recent studies demonstrated that JAK2 is a crucial component of signaling pathways operating in the nucleus. Especially the latest landmark discovery confirmed that JAK2 goes into the nucleus and directly interacts with nucleoproteins, such as histone H3 at tyrosine 41 (H3Y41), nuclear factor 1-C2 (NF1-C2) and SWI/SNF-related helicases/ATPases (RUSH)-1α, indicating that JAK2 has a fresh nuclear function. Nuclear JAK2 is linked to a variety of cellular functions, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and genetic instability. The balance between these functions is an essential factor in determining whether a cell remains benign or becomes malignant. The aim of this review is intended to summarize the state of our knowledge on nuclear localization of JAK2 and nuclear JAK2 pathways, and to highlight the emerging roles for nuclear JAK2 in carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Juan Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoeller S, Walz C, Reiter A, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A. PCM1–JAK2-fusion: a potential treatment target in myelodysplastic–myeloproliferative and other hemato-lymphoid neoplasms. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 15:53-62. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.538683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
30
|
Klco JM, Vij R, Kreisel FH, Hassan A, Frater JL. Molecular pathology of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Am J Clin Pathol 2010; 133:602-15. [PMID: 20231614 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpppz1wfvgne4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs; formerly chronic myeloproliferative disorders) are a class of myeloid hematologic malignancies that represent a stem cell-derived expansion of 1 or more hematopoietic cell lineages. The current 2008 World Health Organization system recognizes 8 types of MPN: chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, mastocytosis, and myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable. This review summarizes the salient characteristics of the MPNs, with emphasis on recent developments in the molecular pathophysiology and therapeutic monitoring of these disorders.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hotta H, Miura T, Miki T, Togashi N, Maeda T, Kim SJ, Tanno M, Yano T, Kuno A, Itoh T, Satoh T, Terashima Y, Ishikawa S, Shimamoto K. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated upregulation of calcineurin activity underlies impairment of cardioprotective signaling in diabetic hearts. Circ Res 2009; 106:129-32. [PMID: 19910577 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.205385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The diabetic heart is resistant to ischemic preconditioning because of diabetes-associated impairment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling. The mechanism by which PI3K-Akt signaling is impaired by diabetes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined the hypothesis that phosphorylation of Jak2 upstream of PI3K is impaired in diabetic hearts by an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Infarct size (as percentage of risk area) after 20-minute ischemia/2-hour reperfusion was larger in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty [OLETF] rat) than in its control (Long-Evans-Tokushima-Otsuka [LETO] rat) (60.4+/-1.6% versus 48.4+/-1.3%). Activation of Jak2-mediated signaling by erythropoietin or DADLE ([D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin acetate), a delta-opioid receptor agonist, limited infarct size in LETO rats (27.7+/-3.4% and 24.8+/-5.0%) but not in OLETF rats (53.9+/-5.3% and 55.0+/-2.2%). Blockade of the AT1 receptor by valsartan or losartan for 2 weeks restored the myocardial response of OLETF rats to erythropoietin-induced infarct size limitation (39.4+/-4.9% and 31.2+/-7.5). In OLETF rats, erythropoietin failed to phosphorylate both Jak2 and Akt, and calcineurin activity was significantly higher than in LETO rats. Two-week treatment with valsartan normalized calcineurin activity in OLETF rats and restored the response of Jak2 to erythropoietin. This effect of AT1 receptor blockade was mimicked by inhibition of calcineurin by FK506. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the diabetic heart is refractory to protection by Jak2-activating ligands because of AT1 receptor-mediated upregulation of calcineurin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hotta
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Panani AD. Janus kinase 2 mutations in Philadelphia negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders: Clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2009; 284:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
33
|
Doody KM, Bourdeau A, Tremblay ML. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase is a key regulator in immune cell signaling: lessons from the knockout mouse model and implications in human disease. Immunol Rev 2009; 228:325-41. [PMID: 19290937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune system requires for its proper ontogeny, differentiation, and maintenance the function of several tyrosine kinases and adapters that create and modify tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial protein modification in immune cell signaling and can be reversed by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Much progress has been made in identifying and understanding PTP function in the immune system. In this review, we present one of these proteins, named T-cell PTPs (TC-PTP) (gene name PTPN2), a classical, non-receptor PTP that is ubiquitously expressed with particularly high expression in hematopoietic tissues. TC-PTP is remarkable not only by the fact that it appears to influence most, if not all, cells involved in the development of the immune system, from stem cells to differentiated lineages, but also recent findings have positioned it at the core of several human diseases from autoimmune disease to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doody
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Recurrent numerical aberrations of JAK2 and deregulation of the JAK2-STAT cascade in lymphomas. Mod Pathol 2009; 22:476-87. [PMID: 19136931 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2008.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway plays an important role in hematological malignancies. Mutations and translocations of the JAK2 gene, mapped at 9p24, lead to constitutive activation of JAK2 and its downstream targets. The presence of JAK2 mutations in lymphomas has been addressed in larger cohorts, but there are little systemic data on numerical and structural JAK2 aberrations in lymphoid neoplasms. To study the molecular epidemiology of these aberrations and the consecutive activation of the JAK2-STAT pathway in lymphomas, we examined 527 cases, covering the most common entities, in a tissue microarray by fluorescent in situ hybridization with breakable JAK2 probes, and immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated JAK2 (pJAK2) and its preferred downstream pSTAT3 and pSTAT5. 9p24 gains were detected in 6/17 (35%) primary mediastinal B-cell lymphomas (PMBCLs), 25/77 (33%) Hodgkin's lymphomas (HLs), 3/16 (19%) angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AILTs) and 1/5 ALK1(+) anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs); breaks were observed only in three cases. pJAK2 expression was most prevalent in PMBCL, peripheral T-cell lymphomas and HL. pSTAT3 predominated in ALCLs, HLs, AILTs, PMBCLs and peripheral T-cell lymphomas. pSTAT5 expression was detected frequently in follicular lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and AILTs. 9p24 gains correlated with increased proportions of tumor cells expressing pJAK2 (P=0.002) and pSTAT3 (P=0.001). In follicular lymphomas, concomitant expression of pJAK2 and pSTAT5 was linked to better prognosis, whereas expression of pSTAT3 in nongerminal center-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas could identify a patient group with an inferior outcome. Our findings stress that despite the rarity of activating JAK2 mutations in lymphomas, JAK2 is recurrently targeted by numerical, and rarely by structural, genetic aberrations in distinct lymphoma subtypes and that JAK2-STAT pathway may play a role in lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tao W, Wen F, Zhang H, Liu G. The signal transduction mediated by erythropoietin and proinflammatory cytokines in the JAK/STAT pathway in the children with cerebral palsy. Brain Dev 2009; 31:200-7. [PMID: 18715729 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that erythropoietin (EPO) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which has a brain-derived neuroprotective effect in the central nervous system (CNS). Immune abnormality has a close relationship with cerebral palsy (CP), and may be even involved in the development of CP. There is evidence that the amount of EPO in CP children is lower than in normal children, but the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, are higher in the CP children. The signal transduction mediated by EPO that has a neuroprotective effect and mediated by proinflammatory cytokines that lead to brain damage shares the common JAK/STAT pathway. Under acute stress, the JAK/STAT pathway is occupied by massive proinflammatory cytokines, and the negative feedback inhibition factors like suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are simultaneously activated, which exist in reciprocal inhibition to EPO in the JAK/STAT pathway. As a result, the signal transduction mediated by EPO is prevented or reduced, and the neuroprotective effect of EPO is eventually weakened. In this review, a novel approach to CP treatment through neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) is put forward by analysis of the interrelationship of signal transduction mediated by EPO and proinflammatory cytokines in the JAK/STAT pathway and their roles in the development of CP, and some reasonable ideas for CP treatment are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kundrapu K, Colenberg L, Duhé RJ. Activation loop tyrosines allow the JAK2(V617F) mutant to attain hyperactivation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2008; 52:103-12. [PMID: 18841497 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-008-9025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A gain-of-function mutation (V617F) in the pseudokinase domain of JAK2 is frequently present in patients with myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. This mutation might serve as an important diagnostic biomarker for these uncommon diseases and may represent a target for novel therapy. It is imperative that a well-defined molecular mechanism be provided to account for the gain of function. This manuscript focuses on whether the V617F mutation is sufficient to cause constitutive activation of the enzyme. The evidence presented suggests that the V617F mutation would not cause constitutive activation because its hyperactivating effect is not observed when the mutation is combined with the YY1007,1008FF mutations. The phosphorylation of these two tyrosines within the activation loop is generally accepted as an essential step in the enzyme's normal transition from a basal state of activity to a fully active catalytic state following cytokine receptor stimulation. These observations are consistent with an interpretation that V617F-induced hyperactivation does not supersede the requirement for receptor-mediated activation, as others have shown by combining the V617F mutation with critical mutations in the enzyme's FERM domain. Thus, JAK2(V617F) should be considered as a hyperactive kinase rather than a constitutively active kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanakadurga Kundrapu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu YY, Hung HM, Chen TS, Chao TY, Ho CL. Decreased JAK2 V617F allele burden level in a myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia patient with leukemic transformation. Leuk Res 2008; 32:1783-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
38
|
Xu J, Cole DC, Chang CPB, Ayyad R, Asselin M, Hao W, Gibbons J, Jelinsky SA, Saraf KA, Park K. Inhibition of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) Signaling Pathway by 4-Oxo-1-Phenyl-1,4-Dihydroquinoline-3-Carboxylic Acid Esters. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4115-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701271y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - Derek C. Cole
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - Chao-Pei Betty Chang
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - Ramzi Ayyad
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - Magda Asselin
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - Wenshan Hao
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - James Gibbons
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - Scott A. Jelinsky
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - Kathryn A. Saraf
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| | - Kaapjoo Park
- Oncology and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, Biological Technologies Department, Wyeth Research, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are characterized by a clonal expansion of myeloid cells. Over the past two years, the identification of the JAK2V617F mutation in most cases of polycythemia vera (PV) as well as approximately 50% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) has greatly advanced our understanding of MPDs. The JAK2V617F mutation alters the JAK2 tyrosine kinase to confer constitutive activation and affect downstream signaling pathways. Data from mouse models demonstrate that the mutation is sufficient for development of PV, but additional work is needed to better understand how this allele functions in ET and IMF. Regardless of the various pathologies, the JAK2V617F discovery highlights the importance of JAK-STAT signaling in myeloid differentiation and focuses effort on developing a clinically relevant JAK2 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Morgan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reder AT, Velichko S, Yamaguchi KD, Hamamcioglu K, Ku K, Beekman J, Wagner TC, Perez HD, Salamon H, Croze E. IFN-β1b Induces Transient and Variable Gene Expression in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Independent of Neutralizing Antibodies or Changes in IFN Receptor RNA Expression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008; 28:317-31. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2007.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T. Reder
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60687
| | | | - Ken D. Yamaguchi
- Department of Computational Biology, Bayer HealthCare, Richmond, CA 94804
| | | | - Karin Ku
- Applied Research, Bayer HealthCare, Richmond, CA 94804
| | | | - T. Charis Wagner
- Department of Immunology, Berlex Biosciences, Inc., Richmond, CA 94804
| | - H. Daniel Perez
- Department of Immunology, Berlex Biosciences, Inc., Richmond, CA 94804
| | - Hugh Salamon
- Department of Immunology, Berlex Biosciences, Inc., Richmond, CA 94804
| | - Ed Croze
- Applied Research, Bayer HealthCare, Richmond, CA 94804
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Stuible M, Doody KM, Tremblay ML. PTP1B and TC-PTP: regulators of transformation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:215-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
42
|
Ghoshal Gupta S, Baumann H, Wetzler M. Epigenetic regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2008; 32:1005-14. [PMID: 18192010 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 11/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 activity, observed in approximately 50% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, is associated with adverse treatment outcome. Constitutive STAT3 activation may result from the expression of oncogenic protein tyrosine kinases or from autocrine stimulation by hematopoietic growth factors. These causes are generally neither necessary nor sufficient for leukemogenesis; additional transforming events or growth stimulatory processes are needed. Here we review the literature addressing epigenetic regulation as a mechanism controlling STAT3 signaling in AML. A better understanding of mechanisms of dysregulation of STAT signaling pathways may serve as a basis for designing novel therapeutic strategies that target these pathways in leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Ghoshal Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Skoda R. Update on the impact of the JAK2 mutation on signalling pathways in myeloproliferative disorders. Eur J Haematol 2008:5-8. [PMID: 17727557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Skoda
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mori N, Yoshinaga K, Tada M, Wang Y, Shiseki M, Motoji T. Infrequent V617F mutation of the JAK2 gene in myeloid leukemia and its absence in lymphoid malignancies in Japan. Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Makiko Tada
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Japan; Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Russo J, Balogh GA, Russo IH. Full-term pregnancy induces a specific genomic signature in the human breast. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:51-66. [PMID: 18199711 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer risk has traditionally been linked to nulliparity or late first full-term pregnancy, whereas young age at first childbirth, multiparity, and breast-feeding are associated with a reduced risk. Early pregnancy confers protection by inducing breast differentiation, which imprints a specific and permanent genomic signature in experimental rodent models. For testing whether the same phenomenon was detectable in the atrophic breast of postmenopausal parous women, we designed a case-control study for the analysis of the gene expression profile of RNA extracted from epithelial cells microdissected from normal breast tissues obtained from 18 parous and 7 nulliparous women free of breast pathology (controls), and 41 parous and 8 nulliparous women with history of breast cancer (cases). RNA was hybridized to cDNA glass microarrays containing 40,000 genes; arrays were scanned and the images were analyzed using ImaGene software version 4.2. Normalization and statistical analysis were carried out using Linear Models for Microarrays and GeneSight software for hierarchical clustering. The parous control group contained 2,541 gene sequences representing 18 biological processes that were differentially expressed in comparison with the other three groups. Hierarchical clustering of these genes revealed that the combined parity/absence of breast cancer data generated a distinct genomic profile that differed from those of the breast cancer groups, irrespective of parity history, and from the nulliparous cancer-free group, which has been traditionally identified as a high-risk group. The signature that identifies those women in whom parity has been protective will serve as a molecular biomarker of differentiation for evaluating the potential use of preventive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang YL, Lee JW, Kui JS, Chadburn A, Cross NCP, Knowles DM, Coleman M. Evaluation of JAK2 in B and T cell neoplasms: identification of JAK2(V617F) mutation of undetermined significance (JMUS) in the bone marrow of three individuals. Acta Haematol 2007; 118:209-14. [PMID: 18032883 DOI: 10.1159/000111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The JAK2(V617F) mutation, which has been found in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), has not yet been evaluated in lymphoproliferative disorders by any adequately sensitive techniques. METHODS We investigated whether low levels of JAK2(V617F) are present in lymphoid neoplasms using a highly sensitive and highly specific amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) assay. RESULTS While 234 of 237 cases did not carry the JAK2(V617F) allele, it was identified in the bone marrow of 3 B cell lymphoma patients. The mutation was found to be neither associated with the lymphomas per se, nor with any signs, symptoms or laboratory findings of MPD. Moreover, JAK2(V617F) appeared subsequently in the peripheral blood of 2 of the 3 patients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that JAK2(V617F) arises in the bone marrow of individuals before clinical manifestation of any myeloid disorders. Presence of JAK2(V617F) in bone marrow might therefore increase the risk of future MPD development, just as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) increases the risk of multiple myeloma. We term this phenomenon 'JAK2(V617F) of undetermined significance' (JMUS). Its clinical significance remains to be determined. To our knowledge, these findings represent the first identification of JAK2(V617F) in the bone marrow of patients without myeloid malignancies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow Cells/enzymology
- Disease Susceptibility
- Female
- Humans
- Janus Kinase 2/analysis
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/enzymology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/enzymology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/enzymology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/enzymology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary
- Point Mutation
- Stomach Neoplasms/enzymology
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lynn Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Frantz C, Sekora DM, Henley DC, Huang CK, Pan Q, Quigley NB, Gorman E, Hubbard RA, Mirza I. Comparative evaluation of three JAK2V617F mutation detection methods. Am J Clin Pathol 2007; 128:865-74. [PMID: 17951211 DOI: 10.1309/lw7q3739rbrmbxxp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation of JAK2V617F with a proportion of chronic myeloproliferative disorders has generated numerous studies focused on the development of molecular-based assays for JAK2V617F detection. The current parallel study comparatively evaluated 3 JAK2V617F molecular detection methods. Genomic DNA from blood or bone marrow was assayed by 3 laboratories using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) or kit-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, which used polyacrylamide gel or capillary electrophoresis analysis. In addition, samples were sequenced in 2 of the laboratories. Results found 100% concordance among the 3 methods, with analytic sensitivities of 5% for both kit methods and 0.01% for AS-PCR. The kitbased assays detect JAK2V617F with equal sensitivity regardless of analysis method, and, despite greater sensitivity of AS-PCR, all 3 methods yielded 100% concordant results for this 36-sample set. Consistent with other reports, direct sequencing was insufficiently sensitive to serve as an initial diagnostic tool for JAK2V617F detection.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kurdi M, Booz GW. Can the protective actions of JAK-STAT in the heart be exploited therapeutically? Parsing the regulation of interleukin-6-type cytokine signaling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 50:126-41. [PMID: 17703129 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318068dd49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 is a defining feature of the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, which include IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and cardiotrophin-1. These cytokines, as well as STAT3 activation, have been shown to be protective for cardiac myocytes and necessary for ischemia preconditioning. However, the mechanisms that regulate IL-6-type cytokine signaling in cardiac myocytes are largely unexplored. We propose that the protective character of IL-6-type cytokine signaling in cardiac myocytes is determined principally by three mechanisms: redox status of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 1 (JAK) 1 that activates STAT3, phosphorylation of STAT3 within the transcriptional activation domain on serine 727, and STAT3-mediated induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 that terminates IL-6-type cytokine signaling. Moreover, we hypothesize that hyperactivation of the JAK kinases, particularly JAK2, mismatched STAT3 serine-tyrosine phosphorylation or heightened STAT3 transcriptional activity, and SOCS3 induction may ultimately prove detrimental. Here we summarize recent evidence that supports this hypothesis, as well as additional possible mechanisms of JAK-STAT regulation. Understanding how IL-6-type cytokine signaling is regulated in cardiac myocytes has great significance for exploiting the therapeutic potential of these cytokines and the phenomenon of preconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Kurdi
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 76504, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Mathas S. The Pathogenesis of Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Model for B-Cell Plasticity. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2007; 21:787-804. [PMID: 17908620 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that differentiated lymphoid cells can display a broad developmental potential and might even differentiate into other cell types. Recent data implicate such processes in the pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). In the malignant, B cell-derived Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of HL the expression of B cell-specific genes is lost, and B lineage-inappropriate genes are up-regulated. Experimental evidence has been presented in recent years that functional disruption of the B lineage-specific transcription factor program contributes to this process. HRS cells might be reprogrammed into cells resembling undifferentiated progenitor cells, which might offer an explanation for the unique HL phenotype and demonstrate a high degree of plasticity of human lymphoid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Mathas
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|