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Dos Santos FF, Nunes L, Martins C, Smith MA, Cardoso C. Single laboratory evaluation of umbilical cord blood units processing methodologies for banking. Lab Med 2024; 55:285-292. [PMID: 37566522 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficiency of 3 different processing methods (Sepax, AutoXpress [AXP], and manual processing with hydroxyethyl starch [HES] sedimentation) used at Stemlab during a 10-year period. METHODS Historical data were compiled and the analytical results obtained for the 3 different methods were compared. RESULTS The manual processing (HES) method yielded the highest level of total nucleated cell recovery after processing, and the AXP system yielded the highest CD34+ cell number. The red blood cell reduction was also significantly higher with the HES method. Also, HES showed comparable results to Toticyte technology for umbilical cord blood (UCB) processing. CONCLUSION These results show that the HES method is as effective as automated technologies for UCB volume reduction; hence, it is a suitable methodology for private and public UCB banks. The HES method also proved to be superior to Toticyte technology for medical applications, with higher recovery yields of total nucleated cells after thawing and equivalent CD34+ cell recovery and functionality.
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Alatyyat SM, Alasmari HM, Aleid OA, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Elsherbiny N. Umbilical cord stem cells: Background, processing and applications. Tissue Cell 2020; 65:101351. [PMID: 32746993 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have currently gained attention in the field of medicine not only due to their ability to repair dysfunctional or damaged cells, but also they could be used as drug delivery system after being engineered to do so. Human umbilical cord is attractive source for autologous and allogenic stem cells that are currently amenable to treatment of various diseases. Human umbilical cord stem cells are -in contrast to embryonic and fetal stem cells- ethically noncontroversial, inexpensive and readily available source of cells. Umbilical cord, umbilical cord vein, amnion/placenta and Wharton's jelly are all rich of many types of multipotent stem cell populations capable of forming many different cell types. This review will focus on umbilical cord stem cells processing and current application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumukh M Alatyyat
- Pharm D Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Houton M Alasmari
- Pharm D Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omamah A Aleid
- Pharm D Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Burton AG, Clark KC, Borjesson DL, Carrade DD, Burges J, Owens SD. Equine bone marrow volume reduction, red blood cell depletion, and mononuclear cell recovery using the PrepaCyte-CB processing system. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:188-93. [PMID: 25627833 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volume reduction and RBC depletion of equine bone marrow specimens are necessary processing steps for the immediate therapeutic use of bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and for MSC expansion in culture. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of the PrepaCyte-CB processing system to reduce volume, deplete RBC, and recover mononuclear cells (MNC) from equine BM specimens. METHODS One hundred and twenty mL of heparinized BM were obtained from each of 90 horses. A CBC was performed on the BM pre- and post-PrepaCyte-CB processing. Volume and RBC reduction, and total nucleated cell (TNC) and MNC recoveries were determined. RESULTS Bone marrow volume was reduced from 120 mL to 21 mL with a median RBC depletion of 90.1% (range, 62.0-96.7%). The median preprocessing total TNC count was 2.2 × 10(9) (range, 0.46-7.9 × 10(9)) and the median postprocessing TNC count was 1.7 × 10(9) (range, 0.3-4.4 × 10(9); P < .0001), with a median recovery of 73.5% (range, 22.4-216.7%). The median preprocessing total MNC count was 0.9 × 10(9) (range, 0.1-4.7 × 10(9)) and median postprocessing total MNC count was 0.8 × 10(9) (range, 0.1-2.7 × 10(9); P = .06), with a median recovery of 83.7% (range, 15.4-413.9%). CONCLUSIONS The PrepaCyte-CB processing system can be used to deplete both volume and RBC, and recover MNC from equine BM specimens. Further studies assessing the viability of MSC and the efficacy of MSC expansion after using the PrepaCyte-CB processing system are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Burton
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin C Clark
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dori L Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danielle D Carrade
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julie Burges
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean D Owens
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Akel S, Regan D, Wall D, Petz L, McCullough J. Current thawing and infusion practice of cryopreserved cord blood: the impact on graft quality, recipient safety, and transplantation outcomes. Transfusion 2014; 54:2997-3009. [PMID: 24894338 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methods of handling, thawing, and infusion of cord blood (CB) products vary substantially among thaw/transplant centers (TCs). This review 1) compares currently available CB product types and thaw methods recommended by CB banks (CBBs), 2) discusses causes of inconsistency in thaw method application at TCs, 3) advises elements to consider in thaw method approval or selection at the TC, 4) provides a procedural template for the traditional thaw methods, and 5) suggests acceptable time from product thaw to infusion and other considerations for safe infusion. It also compares postinfusion adverse reaction and engraftment data as functions of thaw methods. Remarks and suggestions made throughout this review are: 1) not intended to supersede manufacturer's instructions but meant to support the standardization of preparative procedures recommended by CBBs and 2) intended to help TCs to investigate relevant quality issues and handle challenges, especially when the TC is unable to follow recommendations due to foreseeable technical, quality, and/or clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Akel
- St Louis Cord Blood Bank/Cellular Therapy Laboratory, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri, Canada
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Yu X, Gu Z, Wang Y, Wang H. New strategies in cord blood cells transplantation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:865-74. [PMID: 23589409 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For patients lacking a human leucocyte antigen-matched donor, umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an ideal, alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation purposes. UCB has many advantages over bone marrow or peripheral blood taken from volunteer donors. UCB is also an important source of other stem cells, including endothelial progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, very small embryonic/epiblast-like (VSEL) stem cells, and unrestricted somatic stem cells, which are potentially suitable for regenerative medicine. However, a significant clinical problem is that the number of HSCs in one cord-blood unit is not enough for an adult transplantation. The development of new approaches including use of multiple donors, ex vivo expansion, increasing efficiency of homing and engraftment, retrieving more cells from the placenta and cord blood is of crucial importance for the delayed engraftment after UCB transplantation. In the future, UCB will emerge as a source of cells for cellular therapies associated with tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214021, China
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Akel S, Lorenz J, Regan D. Sterility testing of minimally manipulated cord blood products: validation of growth-based automated culture systems. Transfusion 2013; 53:3251-61. [PMID: 23621871 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salem Akel
- St Louis Cord Blood Bank and Cellular Therapy Laboratory; SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center; St Louis Missouri
| | - Joan Lorenz
- St Louis Cord Blood Bank and Cellular Therapy Laboratory; SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center; St Louis Missouri
| | - Donna Regan
- St Louis Cord Blood Bank and Cellular Therapy Laboratory; SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center; St Louis Missouri
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Jurga M, Forraz N, Basford C, Atzeni G, Trevelyan AJ, Habibollah S, Ali H, Zwolinski SA, McGuckin CP. Neurogenic properties and a clinical relevance of multipotent stem cells derived from cord blood samples stored in the biobanks. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:923-36. [PMID: 21732816 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several innovative therapies with human umbilical cord blood stem cells (SCs) are currently developing to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. It has been shown that cord blood contains multipotent lineage-negative (LinNEG) SCs capable of neuronal differentiation. Clinically useful cord blood samples are stored in different biobanks worldwide, but the content and neurogenic properties of LinNEG cells are unknown. Here we have compared 5 major methods of blood processing: Sepax, Hetastarch, plasma depletion, Prepacyte-SC, and density gradient. We showed that Sepax-processed blood units contained 10-fold higher number of LinNEG cells after cryopreservation in comparison to all other methods. We showed in this study that multipotent SCs derived from fresh and frozen cord blood samples could be efficiently induced in defined serum-free medium toward neuronal progenitors (NF200+, Ki67+). During neuronal differentiation, the multipotent SCs underwent precise sequential changes at the molecular and cellular levels: Oct4 and Sox2 downregulation and Ngn1, NeuN, and PSD95 upregulation, similar to neurogenesis process in vivo. We expect that data presented here will be valuable for clinicians, researchers, biobanks, and patients and will contribute for better efficacy of future clinical trials in regeneration of CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jurga
- Cell Therapy Research Institute (CTI-Lyon), Parc Technologique de Lyon-Saint Priest, Saint Priest, France
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Forraz N, McGuckin CP. The umbilical cord: a rich and ethical stem cell source to advance regenerative medicine. Cell Prolif 2011; 44 Suppl 1:60-9. [PMID: 21481046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Science and medicine place a lot of hope in the development of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. This review will define the concept of regenerative medicine and focus on an abundant stem cell source - neonatal tissues such as the umbilical cord. Umbilical cord blood has been used clinically for over 20 years as a cell source for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Beyond this, cord blood and umbilical cord-derived stem cells have demonstrated potential for pluripotent lineage differentiation (liver, pancreatic, neural tissues and more) in vitro and in vivo. This promising research has opened up a new era for utilization of neonatal stem cells, now used beyond haematology in clinical trials for autoimmune disorders, cerebral palsy or type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Forraz
- CTI-LYON, Cell Therapy Research Institute, Parc Technologique de Lyon St Priest, France
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Basford C, Forraz N, McGuckin C. Optimized multiparametric immunophenotyping of umbilical cord blood cells by flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:1337-46. [PMID: 20595961 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood is a key source of stem cells for transplantation and regenerative medicine. To maximize each cord blood sample, it is important to analyze its cellular populations. Many cord blood banks focus on counts of total nucleated cells and/or cells that carry the CD34 antigen, but this limited focus does not give a true estimation of cord blood content, quality and appropriateness for use. This protocol is the first of its kind to enable a comprehensive investigation of cord blood cellular populations. Using multicolor flow cytometry it is possible to examine expression of 26 antigens--including hematopoietic markers CD45 and CD34, immune markers CD19 and CD3, and HLA--using a total of only 1 x 10(6) cells from each unit for both pre- and post-processing. The samples are stained, lysed, washed and analyzed flow cytometrically. This method also provides valuable information beyond cord blood composition and quality; for example, it can also be used to assess whether maternal factors affect CD34(+) cell numbers. Collection, processing, cryopreservation and initial flow cytometry take approximately 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Basford
- Stem Cell Group, Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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