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Ukon Y, Nishida M, Yamamori N, Takeyama K, Sakamoto K, Takenaka S, Makino T, Fujimori T, Sakai Y, Kanie Y, Kodama J, Bal Z, Tateiwa D, Nakagawa S, Hirai H, Okada S, Kaito T. Prostaglandin EP4 Selective Agonist AKDS001 Enhances New Bone Formation by Minimodeling in a Rat Heterotopic Xenograft Model of Human Bone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:845716. [PMID: 35372320 PMCID: PMC8968459 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.845716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance bone regeneration, the use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 is an attractive option. Unfortunately, the dose-dependent side effects prevent its widespread use. Therefore, a novel osteogenic agent using a different mechanism of action than BMP-2 is highly desirable. Previous reports demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) agonists have potent osteogenic effects on non-human cells and are one of the potential alternatives for BMP-2. Here, we investigated the effects of an EP4 agonist (AKDS001) on human cells with a rat heterotopic xenograft model of human bone. Bone formation in the xenograft model was significantly enhanced by AKDS001 treatment. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the mode of bone formation by AKDS001 was minimodeling rather than remodeling. In cultured human mesenchymal stem cells, AKDS001 enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization via the cAMP/PKA pathway. In cultured human preosteoclasts, AKDS001 suppressed bone resorption by inhibiting differentiation into mature osteoclasts. Thus, we conclude that AKDS001 can enhance bone formation in grafted autogenous bone by minimodeling while maintaining the volume of grafted bone. The combined use of an EP4 agonist and autogenous bone grafting may be a novel treatment option to enhance bone regeneration. However, we should be careful in interpreting the results because male xenografts were implanted in male rats in the present study. It remains to be seen whether females can benefit from the positive effects of AKDS001 MS by using female xenografts implanted in female rats in clinically relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Ukon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishida
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamamori
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeyama
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sakamoto
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Takenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Makino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hayaishi Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahito Fujimori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kanie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joe Kodama
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zeynep Bal
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tateiwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takashi Kaito,
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Sathy BN, Mony U, Menon D, Baskaran VK, Mikos AG, Nair S. Bone Tissue Engineering with Multilayered Scaffolds-Part I: An Approach for Vascularizing Engineered Constructs In Vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 21:2480-94. [PMID: 26262757 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining functional capillaries through the bulk has been identified as a major challenge in tissue engineering, particularly for critical-sized defects. In the present study, a multilayered scaffold system was developed for bone tissue regeneration, designed for through-the-thickness vascularization of the construct. The basic principle of this approach was to alternately layer mesenchymal stem cell-seeded nanofibers (osteogenic layer) with microfibers or porous ceramics (osteoconductive layer), with an intercalating angiogenic zone between the two and with each individual layer in the microscale dimension (100-400 μm). Such a design can create a scaffold system potentially capable of spatially distributed vascularization in the overall bulk tissue. In the cellular approach, the angiogenic zone consisted of collagen/fibronectin gel with endothelial cells and pericytes, while in the acellular approach, cells were omitted from the zone without altering the gel composition. The cells incorporated into the construct were analyzed for viability, distribution, and organization of cells on the layers and vessel development in vitro. Furthermore, the layered constructs were implanted in the subcutaneous space of nude mice and the processes of vascularization and bone tissue regeneration were followed by histological and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The results indicated that the microenvironment in the angiogenic zone, microscale size of the layers, and the continuously channeled architecture at the interface were adequate for infiltrating host vessels through the bulk and vascularizing the construct. Through-the-thickness vascularization and mineralization were accomplished in the construct, suggesting that a suitably bioengineered layered construct may be a useful design for regeneration of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binulal Nelson Sathy
- 1 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
| | - Ullas Mony
- 1 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
| | - Deepthy Menon
- 1 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
| | - V K Baskaran
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas
| | - Shantikumar Nair
- 1 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
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Hu L, Han J, Yang X, Wang Y, Pan H, Xu L. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain enhances survival and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast cells under Zoledronate treatment. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3535-42. [PMID: 27573706 PMCID: PMC5042767 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronate is one of the most potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates which has been demonstrated to result in osteoblast apoptosis and impact osteogenic differentiation in vitro. This effect of Zoledronate on osteoblasts may partially explain bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw, a serious complication associated with treatment with bisphosphonates. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis that is physiologically expressed predominantly in post-mitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes, neurons and skeletal muscle cells. However, its effect on human osteoblasts remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of ARC on human osteoblasts under the treatment of high concentrations of Zoledronate. ARC-overexpressed human osteoblasts were established and were exposed to Zoledronate with different concentrations (0, 1 and 5 µM) in vitro. Cell numbers were detected using the MTT assay, and flow cytometry was used to identity cell apoptosis. Alkaline phosphatase staining, quantitative analysis and ectopic osteogenesis in nude mice were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of ARC-overexpressed osteoblasts. It was observed that ARC is able to reverse the inhibitory effect of Zoldronate on osteoblasts. ARC is additionally able to promote osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and inhibit their apoptosis. These observations suggest a critical role for ARC in the regulation of human osteoblasts under Zoledronate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Hu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hongya Pan
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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4
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Human Bone Xenografts: from Preclinical Testing for Regenerative Medicine to Modeling of Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40610-016-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liao G, Sun D, Han J, Tan J. Effect of methotrexate on the mechanical properties and microstructure of calcium phosphate cement. Orthopedics 2014; 37:e906-10. [PMID: 25275979 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20140924-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is widely used as an antitumor bone-filling material. Methotrexate (MTX) is recognized as an effective chemotherapy medicine. The current study examined the effects of MTX on the mechanical properties and microstructure of CPC. Methotrexate-loaded CPC at mass ratios of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5% were designated as groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, and were pressed into precast cylindrical molds. Solidification time, axial compressive strength, transverse compressive strength, and rotational tensile strength were measured, and scanning electron microscopy images were captured before and after MTX-CPC microstructure changes occurred. Average initial and final setting times increased gradually with increasing drug concentration, but this increase was not significant among the groups. Average axial transverse compressive strength and rotational tensile strength of groups B and C were not significantly different from those of group A (P>.05); however, there was a significant difference in these properties between groups A and D (P<.05). Scanning electron microscopy observations showed a porous crystalline structure. The addition of MTX to CPC does not significantly affect the basic crystal structure and setting time of CPC. Adding MTX at mass ratios of 0.1% and 0.2% to CPC does not lead to a significant difference in mechanical strength and can therefore be applied in clinical practice. This study may shed some light on the future application of MTX-loaded CPC in the treatment of bone defects after tumor excision.
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Wang P, Zhao L, Chen W, Liu X, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Stem Cells and Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. J Dent Res 2014; 93:618-25. [PMID: 24799422 PMCID: PMC4107550 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514534689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity for dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications. This article reviews recent developments in stem cell delivery via CPC for bone regeneration. This includes: (1) biofunctionalization of the CPC scaffold, (2) co-culturing of osteoblasts/endothelial cells and prevascularization of CPC, (3) seeding of CPC with different stem cell species, (4) human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) and bone marrow MSC (hBMSC) seeding on CPC for bone regeneration, and (5) human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) seeding with CPC for bone regeneration. Cells exhibited good attachment/proliferation in CPC scaffolds. Stem-cell-CPC constructs generated more new bone and blood vessels in vivo than did the CPC control without cells. hUCMSCs, hESC-MSCs, and hiPSC-MSCs in CPC generated new bone and blood vessels similar to those of hBMSCs; hence, they were viable cell sources for bone engineering. CPC with hESC-MSCs and hiPSC-MSCs generated new bone two- to three-fold that of the CPC control. Therefore, this article demonstrates that: (1) CPC scaffolds are suitable for delivering cells; (2) hUCMSCs, hESCs, and hiPSCs are promising alternatives to hBMSCs, which require invasive procedures to harvest with limited cell quantity; and (3) stem-cell-CPC constructs are highly promising for bone regeneration in dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - L Zhao
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - W Chen
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - X Liu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - M D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - H H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Bi W, Gu Z, Zheng Y, Wang L, Guo J, Wu G. Antagonistic and synergistic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 and all-trans retinoic acid on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. Dev Growth Differ 2013; 55:744-54. [PMID: 24111806 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is of paramount importance for the repair of large-size bone defects, which may be compromised by the dietary-accumulated all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). We have shown that heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 (BMP2/7) could induce bone regeneration in a significantly higher dose-efficiency in comparison with homodimeric BMPs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ATRA and BMP2/7 on the proliferation, differentiation, mineralization and osteogenic genes. ATRA and BMP2/7 exhibited both antagonistic and synergistic effects on the osteogenesis of BMSCs. ATRA significantly inhibited proliferation and expression of osteocalcin but enhanced the activity of alkaline phosphatase of BMSCs. On day 21, 50 ng/mL BMP2/7 could antagonize the inhibitive effects of ATRA and significantly enhance osteogenesis of BMSCs. These findings suggested a promising application potential of heterodimeric BMP2/7 in clinic to promote bone regeneration for the cases with dietary accumulated ATRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Bi
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Yan'an St. 395, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Yan'an St. 395, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.,School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 97 Mailbox, Binwen Road 548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yuanna Zheng
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 97 Mailbox, Binwen Road 548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, No. 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Airport Road 40, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310004, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU-University of Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1018LA, the Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU-University of Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1018LA, the Netherlands
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Gruber R, Bosshardt DD, Miron RJ, Gemperli AC, Buser D, Sculean A. Enamel matrix derivative inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells via activation of TGF-βRI kinase activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71046. [PMID: 23951076 PMCID: PMC3741362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD), an extract of fetal porcine enamel, and TGF-β can both suppress adipogenic differentiation. However, there have been no studies that functionally link the role of EMD and TGF-β in vitro. Herein, we examined whether TGF-β signaling contributes to EMD-induced suppression of adipogenic differentiation. Adipogenesis was studied with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in the presence of SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-βRI kinase activity. SB431542 reversed the inhibitory effect of EMD on adipogenic differentiation, based on Oil Red O staining and mRNA expression of lipid regulated genes. SB431542 also reduced EMD-stimulated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), an autocrine inhibitor of adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, short interfering (si)RNAs for CTGF partially reversed the EMD-induced suppression of lipid regulated genes. We conclude that the TGF-βRI - CTGF axis is involved in the anti-adipogenic effects of EMD in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Favi PM, Benson RS, Neilsen NR, Hammonds RL, Bates CC, Stephens CP, Dhar MS. Cell proliferation, viability, and in vitro differentiation of equine mesenchymal stem cells seeded on bacterial cellulose hydrogel scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1935-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Zhao YF, Zeng DL, Xia LG, Zhang SM, Xu LY, Jiang XQ, Zhang FQ. Osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells derived from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:614-20. [PMID: 23292283 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with a series of bone complications, which are still a great challenge in the clinic. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are crucial to bone remodeling and are attractive candidates for tissue engineering. Hence, we aimed to investigate whether impaired functions of BMSCs play a role in the pathogenesis of bone complications associated with T1DM. BMSCs were isolated from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability were analyzed. Diabetic BMSCs demonstrated reduced proliferation ability, osteoblast gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. Nude mice transplanted with diabetic BMSCs in a calcium phosphate cement scaffold exhibited reduced new bone formation, as detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. These changes may be partially related to impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling. Weak gene expression of insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was observed in the diabetic BMSCs compared with normal BMSCs, together with decreased protein level of IGF-1, IGF-1R, IRS-1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Therefore, impaired proliferation and osteogenic potential of BMSCs may be responsible for bone complications related to T1DM, mediated partially by impaired insulin and IGF-1 signaling. These findings may provide a new target with which to devise strategies for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Leone A, Volponi AA, Renton T, Sharpe PT. In-vitro regulation of odontogenic gene expression in human embryonic tooth cells and SHED cells. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 348:465-73. [PMID: 22427065 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The bud-to-cap stage transition during early tooth development is a time when the tooth-inducing potential becomes restricted to the mesenchyme. Several key genes, expressed in the mesenchyme at this stage, are an absolute requirement for the progression of tooth development. These include the transcription factors Msx1 and Pax9. The inductive potential of tooth mesenchyme cells is a key requisite for whole-tooth bioengineering and thus identification of cells that can retain this property following expansion in culture is an important as yet unresolved, goal. We show here that in-vitro culture of embryonic human tooth mesenchyme cells and SHED cells express low levels of PAX9 and MSX1 and that these levels can be significantly upregulated by activation of different signalling pathways. Such in-vitro manipulation may thus offer a simple way of maintaining/restoring/inducing the odontogenic-inducing capacity in mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Leone
- BioNec, Section of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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