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Barre A, Damme EJV, Simplicien M, Benoist H, Rougé P. Are Dietary Lectins Relevant Allergens in Plant Food Allergy? Foods 2020; 9:foods9121724. [PMID: 33255208 PMCID: PMC7760050 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins or carbohydrate-binding proteins are widely distributed in seeds and vegetative parts of edible plant species. A few lectins from different fruits and vegetables have been identified as potential food allergens, including wheat agglutinin, hevein (Hev b 6.02) from the rubber tree and chitinases containing a hevein domain from different fruits and vegetables. However, other well-known lectins from legumes have been demonstrated to behave as potential food allergens taking into account their ability to specifically bind IgE from allergic patients, trigger the degranulation of sensitized basophils, and to elicit interleukin secretion in sensitized people. These allergens include members from the different families of higher plant lectins, including legume lectins, type II ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP-II), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), jacalin-related lectins, GNA (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin)-like lectins, and Nictaba-related lectins. Most of these potentially active lectin allergens belong to the group of seed storage proteins (legume lectins), pathogenesis-related protein family PR-3 comprising hevein and class I, II, IV, V, VI, and VII chitinases containing a hevein domain, and type II ribosome-inactivating proteins containing a ricin B-chain domain (RIP-II). In the present review, we present an exhaustive survey of both the structural organization and structural features responsible for the allergenic potency of lectins, with special reference to lectins from dietary plant species/tissues consumed in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Els J.M. Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Mathias Simplicien
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Hervé Benoist
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-069-552-0851
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Dianthin and Its Potential in Targeted Tumor Therapies. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100592. [PMID: 31614697 PMCID: PMC6832487 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dianthin enzymes belong to ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) of type 1, i.e., they only consist of a catalytic domain and do not have a cell binding moiety. Dianthin-30 is very similar to saporin-S3 and saporin-S6, two RIPs often used to design targeted toxins for tumor therapy and already tested in some clinical trials. Nevertheless, dianthin enzymes also exhibit differences to saporin with regard to structure, efficacy, toxicity, immunogenicity and production by heterologous expression. Some of the distinctions might make dianthin more suitable for targeted tumor therapies than other RIPs. The present review provides an overview of the history of dianthin discovery and illuminates its structure, function and role in targeted toxins. It further discusses the option to increase the efficacy of dianthin by endosomal escape enhancers.
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Bolognesi A, Bortolotti M, Maiello S, Battelli MG, Polito L. Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins from Plants: A Historical Overview. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121627. [PMID: 27898041 PMCID: PMC6273060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a historical overview of the research on plant ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), starting from the first studies at the end of eighteenth century involving the purification of abrin and ricin, as well as the immunological experiments of Paul Erlich. Interest in these plant toxins was revived in 1970 by the observation of their anticancer activity, which has given rise to a large amount of research contributing to the development of various scientific fields. Biochemistry analyses succeeded in identifying the enzymatic activity of RIPs and allowed for a better understanding of the ribosomal machinery. Studies on RIP/cell interactions were able to detail the endocytosis and intracellular routing of ricin, thus increasing our knowledge of how cells handle exogenous proteins. The identification of new RIPs and the finding that most RIPs are single-chain polypeptides, together with their genetic sequencing, has aided in the development of new phylogenetic theories. Overall, the biological properties of these proteins, including their abortifacient, anticancer, antiviral and neurotoxic activities, suggest that RIPs could be utilized in agriculture and in many biomedical fields, including clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Maiello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Shang C, Rougé P, Van Damme EJM. Ribosome Inactivating Proteins from Rosaceae. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081105. [PMID: 27556443 PMCID: PMC6274481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are widespread among higher plants of different taxonomic orders. In this study, we report on the RIP sequences found in the genome/transcriptome of several important Rosaceae species, including many economically important edible fruits such as apple, pear, peach, apricot, and strawberry. All RIP domains from Rosaceae share high sequence similarity with conserved residues in the catalytic site and the carbohydrate binding sites. The genomes of Malus domestica and Pyrus communis contain both type 1 and type 2 RIP sequences, whereas for Prunus mume, Prunus persica, Pyrus bretschneideri, and Pyrus communis a complex set of type 1 RIP sequences was retrieved. Heterologous expression and purification of the type 1 as well as the type 2 RIP from apple allowed to characterize the biological activity of the proteins. Both RIPs from Malus domestica can inhibit protein synthesis. Furthermore, molecular modelling suggests that RIPs from Rosaceae possess three-dimensional structures that are highly similar to the model proteins and can bind to RIP substrates. Screening of the recombinant type 2 RIP from apple on a glycan array revealed that this type 2 RIP interacts with terminal sialic acid residues. Our data suggest that the RIPs from Rosaceae are biologically active proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Shang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 152 Pharma Développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Adwan H, Bayer H, Pervaiz A, Sagini M, Berger MR. Riproximin is a recently discovered type II ribosome inactivating protein with potential for treating cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1077-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Polito L, Bortolotti M, Mercatelli D, Mancuso R, Baruzzi G, Faedi W, Bolognesi A. Protein synthesis inhibition activity by strawberry tissue protein extracts during plant life cycle and under biotic and abiotic stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15532-45. [PMID: 23892598 PMCID: PMC3759871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, inhibit protein synthesis by depurinating rRNA and many other polynucleotidic substrates. Although RIPs show antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal activities, their biological and physiological roles are not completely understood. Additionally, it has been described that RIP expression is augmented under stressful conditions. In this study, we evaluated protein synthesis inhibition activity in partially purified basic proteins (hereafter referred to as RIP activity) from tissue extracts of Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) cultivars with low (Dora) and high (Record) tolerance to root pathogens and fructification stress. Association between the presence of RIP activity and the crop management (organic or integrated soil), growth stage (quiescence, flowering, and fructification), and exogenous stress (drought) were investigated. RIP activity was found in every tissue tested (roots, rhizomes, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits) and under each tested condition. However, significant differences in RIP distribution were observed depending on the soil and growth stage, and an increase in RIP activity was found in the leaves of drought-stressed plants. These results suggest that RIP expression and activity could represent a response mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses and could be a useful tool in selecting stress-resistant strawberry genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rossella Mancuso
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Gianluca Baruzzi
- Agricultural Research Council (CRA-FRF), Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.B.); (W.F.)
| | - Walther Faedi
- Agricultural Research Council (CRA-FRF), Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.B.); (W.F.)
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-05-1209-4729; Fax: +39-05-1209-4746
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Everts B, Smits HH, Hokke CH, Yazdanbakhsh M. Helminths and dendritic cells: sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1525-37. [PMID: 20405478 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The classical reaction of the host to helminth infections is the induction of Th2 immune responses with a regulatory component. DC, as central players in the induction and maintenance of immune responses, play a prominent role in both these processes, and in recent years considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind the interplay between DC and helminths. It is becoming increasingly clear that helminths modulate DC function not only via direct interactions but also indirectly via host-derived cues. Furthermore, while studies have until recently focused on receptor signaling-mediated DC modulation by helminths, evidence is emerging that DC may also respond to helminth infections by sensing stress signals or tissue damage inflicted by the worms or their products. Here, we will discuss these new insights and will link them to the origin and importance of Th2 and regulatory immune responses with respect to the survival of both parasite and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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A neutralizing antibody to the a chain of abrin inhibits abrin toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:737-43. [PMID: 18353919 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00254-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are RNA N-glycosidases that inhibit protein synthesis in cells. Abrin, a type II RIP, is an AB type toxin, which is one of the most lethal types of toxin known. The B chain facilitates the entry of the molecule into the cell, whereas the A chain exerts the toxic effect. We have generated hybridomas secreting antibodies of the immunoglobulin G class specific to the recombinant A chain of abrin. One monoclonal antibody, namely, D6F10, rescued cells from abrin toxicity. Importantly, the antibody also protected mice from lethal doses of the toxin. The neutralizing effect of the antibody was shown to be due to interference with abrin attachment to the cell surface.
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Sha O, Kwong WH, Pang Cho EY, Wai Yew DT, Ng TB. Different neuronal toxicity of single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins on the rat retina. Toxicon 2008; 51:45-53. [PMID: 17889920 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neurotoxicity of two structurally similar single chains of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs): trichosanthin (TCS) and ricin A chain (RTA). METHODS TCS, RTA and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA, a multi-chain RIP for comparison) were separately injected into rat eyes. Saline was used as control. The data on cell counts, retinal thickness and histopathological scores were collected, and the TUNEL method (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labelling) was used to study the mode of cell death. RESULTS TCS caused distinct retinal changes at 1 nmol. Its toxic effects were most pronounced on the cells of the outer nuclear layer, less so on those of the inner nuclear layer, and little on the ganglion cells. Apoptosis was the predominant type of cell death induced by TCS. In contrast, RTA and RCA, both at 0.01 nmol, brought about acute retinal inflammation and necrosis. CONCLUSION TCS can eliminate specific retinal cells by apoptosis, while RTA and RCA cause retinitis. The B chain of type II RIPs is not obligatory for their neurotoxicity. The RIPs may be useful for creating retinal models and TCS may be useful for the chemical treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Sha
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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