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Roach LA, Meyer BJ, Fitton JH, Winberg P. Oral Supplementation with Algal Sulphated Polysaccharide in Subjects with Inflammatory Skin Conditions: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial and Baseline Dietary Differences. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:379. [PMID: 37504910 PMCID: PMC10381427 DOI: 10.3390/md21070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of a dietary seaweed extract-sulfated xylorhamnoglucuronan (SXRG84)-on individuals with inflammatory skin conditions. A subgroup analysis of a larger trial was undertaken, where 44 participants with skin conditions were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design. Subjects ingested either SXRG84 extract (2 g/day) for six weeks and placebo for six weeks, or vice versa. At baseline, six- and twelve-weeks inflammatory markers and the gut microbiota were assessed, as well as skin assessments using the dermatology quality of life index (DQLI), psoriasis area severity index (PASI) and visual analogue scales (VAS). There were significant differences at weeks six and twelve for pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ (p = 0.041), IL-1β (p = 0.030), TNF-α (p = 0.008) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (p = 0.026), determined by ANCOVA. These cytokines were all significantly higher at six weeks post placebo compared to twelve weeks post placebo followed by SXRG84 treatment. A total of 23% of participants reported skin improvements, as measured by VAS (mean difference 3.1, p = 0.0005) and the DQLI score (mean difference -2.0, p = 0.049), compared to the 'non-responders'. Thus, the ingestion of SXRG84 for 6 weeks reduced inflammatory cytokines, and a subset of participants saw improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Roach
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | | | - Pia Winberg
- Venus Shell Systems Pty Ltd., Nowra, NSW 2540, Australia
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2
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Glucomannan as a Dietary Supplement for Treatment of Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101746. [PMID: 36298611 PMCID: PMC9608331 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide derived from the Amorphophallus’s tuber and, as herbal medicine has shown, can suppress tumor growth or improve health. However, there has been no investigation into the effects of KGM on breast tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, in two cohort experiments, we assessed the effect of glucomannan at daily doses of 2 and 4 mg for 28 days as a dietary supplement and also glucomannan in combination with tumor lysate vaccine as an adjuvant. Tumor volume was monitored twice weekly. In addition, TNF-α cytokines and granzyme B (Gr–B) release were measured with ELISA kits, and IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ were used as an index for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Moreover, TGF-β and Foxp3 gene expression were assessed in a real-time PCR test. The results show that glucomannan as a dietary supplement increased the IFN-γ cytokine and Th1 responses to suppress tumor growth. Glucomannan as a dietary supplement at the 4 mg dose increased the IL-4 cytokine response compared to control groups. In addition, cell lysate immunization with 2 or 4 mg of glucomannan suppressed tumor growth. As an adjuvant, glucomannan at both doses showed 41.53% and 52.10% tumor suppression compared with the PBS group. Furthermore, the administration of glucomannan as a dietary supplement or adjuvant reduced regulatory T cell response through decreasing TGF-β and Foxp3 gene expression in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, glucomannan as a dietary supplement or adjuvant enhanced the immune responses of tumor-bearing mice and decreased immune response suppression in the tumor milieu, making it a potentially excellent therapeutic agent for lowering breast tumor growth.
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Yang T, Li C, Xue W, Huang L, Wang Z. Natural immunomodulating substances used for alleviating food allergy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2407-2425. [PMID: 34494479 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1975257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a serious health problem affecting more than 10% of the human population worldwide. Medical treatments for food allergy remain limited because immune therapy is risky and costly, and anti-allergic drugs have many harmful side effects and can cause drug dependence. In this paper, we review natural bioactive substances capable of alleviating food allergy. The sources of the anti-allergic substances reviewed include plants, animals, and microbes, and the types of substances include polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, polyphenols, phycocyanin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and probiotics. We describe five mechanisms involved in anti-allergic activities, including binding with epitopes located in allergens, affecting the gut microbiota, influencing intestinal epithelial cells, altering antigen presentation and T cell differentiation, and inhibiting the degranulation of effector cells. In the discussion, we present the limitations of existing researches as well as promising advances in the development of anti-allergic foods and/or immunomodulating food ingredients that can effectively prevent or alleviate food allergy. This review provides a reference for further research on anti-allergic materials and their hyposensitizing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Pali-Schöll I, DeBoer DJ, Alessandri C, Seida AA, Mueller RS, Jensen-Jarolim E. Formulations for Allergen Immunotherapy in Human and Veterinary Patients: New Candidates on the Horizon. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1697. [PMID: 32849594 PMCID: PMC7417425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy is currently the only causal treatment for allergic diseases in human beings and animals. It aims to re-direct the immune system into a tolerogenic or desensitized state. Requirements include clinical efficacy, safety, and schedules optimizing patient or owner compliance. To achieve these goals, specific allergens can be formulated with adjuvants that prolong tissue deposition and support uptake by antigen presenting cells, and/or provide a beneficial immunomodulatory action. Here, we depict adjuvant formulations being investigated for human and veterinary allergen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pali-Schöll
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas J DeBoer
- Dermatology/Allergy Section, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Ahmed Adel Seida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Japanese people. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 38:101872. [PMID: 31812038 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been increasing worldwide in recent years, especially among females. The same increasing trends are even observed in East Asian countries, where the prevalence of MS is relatively low compared with Northern European ancestries. Whether the environmental risk factors for MS are shared between Asian and North European ancestries, and the types of environmental factors that contribute to the low and recent increase in MS prevalence in Asian countries remain unknown. This study provides the first comprehensive survey of environmental risks for MS in East Asia. METHODS Patients with MS were recruited from the Department of Neurology at Kyushu University Hospital, Japan between 01 April 2017 and 31 March 2018. Healthy controls (HCs) were recruited by public notification. All participants were residents of Kyushu Island and were required to complete medical history and lifestyle questionnaires. Dietary data were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire comprising intake of approximately 140 food and beverage items in the past 1 year. One hundred and three patients with MS and 124 healthy controls (HCs) completed the questionnaires. Age at onset and disability score measured by the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were obtained from medical records. RESULTS Frequency of obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) at present time was higher in MS patients than in HCs (19.4% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.009), while body mass index at age 18-20 years did not differ between the two groups. Frequency of current or ex-smokers was higher in MS patients than in HCs (50.5% vs. 22.8%, p < 0.0001) and disability measured by the EDSS was more severe in MS patients with active smoking history than in patients without such history (p = 0.006 after adjusting for sex). Passive smoking after age 16 years was also a risk factor for MS (odds ratio: 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.63, p = 0.015). Longer sunlight exposure in early childhood was a protective factor for MS (odds ratio: 0.65 during summer and 0.71 during winter at age 6-10 years; 0.71 during summer and 0.72 during winter at age 11-15 years). MS patients had earlier age of menarche than HCs (mean: 12.4 years vs. 12.9 years, p = 0.031). Intake of grains was lower in MS patients than in HCs, with intake of rice in particular being significantly lower in MS patients than in HCs (mean: 235.2 g/day vs. 280.6 g/day, p = 0.006). Previously reported foods associated with MS in Northern European ancestries were not replicated in Japanese people. CONCLUSION Smoking and earlier age of menarche are positively associated and sunlight exposure in early childhood is negatively associated with MS in Japanese people as shown in Caucasians. Intake of steamed short-grain white rice, a staple food in Japan, is newly found to be negatively associated with MS in Japanese people. Although the causality is unclear because the participants were prevalent cases, these environmental factors may be involved in the rising prevalence of MS in Japanese females.
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Tang J, Chen J, Guo J, Wei Q, Fan H. Construction and evaluation of fibrillar composite hydrogel of collagen/konjac glucomannan for potential biomedical applications. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:239-250. [PMID: 30094063 PMCID: PMC6077832 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is recognized as a safe material for its health-promoting benefits and thus widely used in various fields including pharmaceutical industry. In recent decades, the combination of collagen and KGM attracts more attentions for biomedical purpose, especially the hybrid films of collagen–KGM or collagen–KGM–polysaccharide. In this study, to further and deeply develop the intrinsic values of both collagen and KGM as biomaterials, a novel kind of composite hydrogel comprising collagen and KGM at a certain ratio was fabricated under mild conditions via fibrillogenesis process of the aqueous blends of collagen and KGM that experienced deacetylation simultaneously. The chemical composition, microcosmic architectures, swelling behavior, biodegradation and dynamic mechanic properties of such resulted composite hydrogels were systematically investigated. Biologic experiments, including cell culture in vitro and hypodermic implantation in vivo, were also conducted on these collagen/KGM composite hydrogels to evaluate their biologic performances. The relevant results prove that, based on collagen self-assembly behavior, this synthesis strategy is efficient to construct a composite hydrogel of collagen/KGM with improved mechanical properties, biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, which are promising for potential biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Qingrong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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8
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Tester RF, Al-Ghazzewi FH. Beneficial health characteristics of native and hydrolysed konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) glucomannan. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3283-3291. [PMID: 26676961 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of ingesting glucomannans on health is not limited to colonic-focused fermentation into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which might have some local health benefits; it also helps in treating disease states and enhancing the body's immune system, both within the gut and in/on other parts of the body. The local and systemic roles of hydrolysed glucomannans, especially konjac glucomannans, in the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), skin and vagina, are highlighted. Therapeutic applications are discussed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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9
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Suwannaporn P, Tester RF, Al-Ghazzewi FH, Artitdit P. Effect of short term administration of konjac glucomannan hydrolysates on adult blood lipid parameters and glucose concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-02-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– This paper aims to evaluate the effect of depolymerised glucomannan in regulating blood lipid and glucose concentrations.
Design/methodology/approach
– Twenty adult volunteers were recruited. Blood samples were taken at Day 0. The volunteers consumed drinks containing 3.0 g active glucomannan hydrolysates (AMH) for 14 days, after which time blood samples were retaken (Day 15). Blood samples were analysed to determine the blood lipid and glucose concentrations.
Findings
– The average fasting blood glucose at the start of the trial was 2.54 mmol/L but reduced slightly to 2.49 mmol/L after consumption of the glucomannan. The total average cholesterol at the start of the trial was higher (6.69 mmol/L) than desirable (
<
5.0 mmol/L). This was reduced after consuming the glucomannan to 6.44 mmol/L (3.74 per cent). The triglyceride content was also higher initially than recommended (2.88 mmol/L) but was reduced by 11.5 per cent. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was within the desirable range before and after consumption (1.57 and 1.52 mmol/L, respectively), while the average low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was higher than recommended (
<
3.0 mmol/L), representing 4.55 mmol/L and 4.40 mmol/L before and after consumption, respectively. Both parameters were reduced by over 3.0 per cent. The consumption of the glucomannan hydrolysates also reduced the total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios.
Originality/value
– The AMH was effective in lowering blood cholesterol and glucose concentrations. Consumption of such carbohydrates could prove useful for these physiological disorders. Further studies are desirable to characterise the exact mechanism.
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11
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Abstract
This review discusses the role of pre- and probiotics with respect to improving skin health by modulating the cutaneous microbiota. The skin ecosystem is a complex environment covered with a diverse microbiota community. These are classified as either transient or resident, where some are considered as beneficial, some essentially neutral and others pathogenic or at least have the capacity to be pathogenic. Colonisation varies between different parts of the body due to different environmental factors. Pre- and probiotic beneficial effects can be delivered topically or systemically (by ingestion). The pre- and probiotics have the capacity to optimise, maintain and restore the microbiota of the skin in different ways. Topical applications of probiotic bacteria have a direct effect at the site of application by enhancing the skin natural defence barriers. Probiotics as well as resident bacteria can produce antimicrobial peptides that benefit cutaneous immune responses and eliminate pathogens. In cosmetic formulations, prebiotics can be applied to the skin microbiota directly and increase selectively the activity and growth of beneficial 'normal' skin microbiota. Little is known about the efficacy of topically applied prebiotics. Nutritional products containing prebiotics and/or probiotics have a positive effect on skin by modulating the immune system and by providing therapeutic benefits for atopic diseases. This review underlines the potential use of pre- and probiotics for skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Al-Ghazzewi
- Glycologic Limited, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - R F Tester
- Glycologic Limited, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
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12
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Sake Lees Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria Prevents Allergic Rhinitis-Like Symptoms and IgE-Mediated Basophil Degranulation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:140-4. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Hong X, Liu C, Chen X, Song Y, Wang Q, Wang P, Hu D. Maternal exposure to airborne particulate matter causes postnatal immunological dysfunction in mice offspring. Toxicology 2013; 306:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Choi JK, Kim SH. Rutin suppresses atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:410-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1535370213477975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common allergic inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of eczematous, scratching, pruritus and cutaneous sensitization with allergens. The aim of our study was to examine whether rutin, a predominant flavonoid having anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential, modulates AD and ACD symptoms. We established an atopic dermatitis model in BALB/c mice by repeated local exposure of house dust mite ( Dermatophagoides farinae) extract (DFE) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to the ears. In addition, 2,4-dinitroflourobenzene-sensitized a local lymph node assay was used for the ACD model. Repeated alternative treatment of DFE/DNCB caused AD symptoms. Topical application of rutin reduced AD based on ear thickness and histopathological analysis, in addition to serum IgE levels. Rutin inhibited mast cell infiltration into the ear and serum histamine level. Rutin suppressed DFE/DNCB-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-31, IL-32 and interferon (INF)- γ in the tissue. In addition, rutin suppressed ACD based on ear thickness and lymphocyte proliferation, serum IgG2a levels, and expression of INF- γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor- α in ACD ears. This study demonstrates that rutin inhibits AD and ACD, suggesting that rutin might be a candidate for the treatment of allergic skin diseases.
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HAYASHI D, SUGAYA H, OHKOSHI T, SEKIZAWA K, TAKATSU H, SHINKAI T, URANO S. Vitamin E Improves Biochemical Indices Associated with Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation in NC/Nga Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012; 58:161-8. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.58.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prophylactic effect of Lactobacillus oral vaccine expressing a Japanese cedar pollen allergen. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 113:536-41. [PMID: 22196937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent an attractive delivery vehicle for oral allergy vaccine because of their safety as a food microorganism as well as their potent adjuvant activity triggering anti-allergic immune response. Here, we report the generation of recombinant LAB expressing a major Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cry j 1 (Cry j 1-LAB), and their prophylactic effect in vivo. To facilitate heterologous expression, the codon usage in the Cry j 1 gene was optimized for the host LAB strain Lactobacillus plantarum by the recursive PCR-based exhaustive site-directed mutagenesis. Use of the codon-optimized Cry j 1 cDNA and a lactate dehydrogenase gene fusion system led to a successful production of recombinant Cry j 1 in L. plantarum NCL21. We also found that oral vaccination with the Cry j 1-LAB suppressed allergen-specific IgE response and nasal symptoms in a murine model of cedar pollinosis.
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Wang F, Xu J, Liao Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhu X, Chen ZK, Sun Z. Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 reduces IL-17 level and accelerates Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Cell Immunol 2011; 269:22-8. [PMID: 21453908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim)-3 is expressed on activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Identification of galectin-9 as a ligand for Tim-3 has now firmly established the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway, which results in apoptosis of effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, Th17 cells are a recently discovered CD4(+) effector T cell, which are important in antimicrobial immunity. Whether the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway affects Th17 immunity has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrated expression of Tim-3 on Th17 cells by flow cytometry. Th17-skewed cells were sensitive to galectin-9-induced apoptosis. In vitro administration of galectin-9 decreased stimulated Th17 cells and inhibited production of IL-17. Interestingly, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) infection led to enhanced IL-17 levels. Recombinant galectin-9 significantly decreased IL-17 in vivo, which resulted in reduced bacterial clearance and high mortality. These observations suggest that the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway plays an important role in termination of Th17-immune responses, and could be a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Ferreira ÂCB, Hochman B, Furtado F, Bonatti S, Ferreira LM. Keloids: a new challenge for nutrition. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:409-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Capek I. On inverse miniemulsion polymerization of conventional water-soluble monomers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 156:35-61. [PMID: 20199767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inverse monomer miniemulsions can be generated by sonification of the polar monomer, water, stabilizer and costabilizer in organic solvents as the unpolar continuous phase. The inverse miniemulsion obtains its stability by using a combination of effective surfactant and osmotic pressure agent, so called lypophobe, which is practically insoluble in the continuous phase and prevents the minidroplets from Ostwald ripening. Inverse miniemulsions are typically sterically stabilized with a nonionic surfactant blend so as to provide a relatively condensed interface. The monomer droplet nucleation proceeds under an uncomplete coverage of the monomer and polymer particles with surfactant. Inverse monomer miniemulsions can be easily polymerized to latexes by using water and oil-soluble initiators. The rate of inverse miniemulsion polymerization of water-soluble monomers increased with increasing both initiator and emulsifier concentrations. The inverse polymerization is very fast and the high conversion is reached during a few minutes. The dependence of the polymerization rate vs. conversion can be described by a curve with the two rate intervals. The abrupt increase in the polymerization rate can be attributed to the increased number of reaction loci and the gel effect. The partitioning of unsaturated monomers between the aqueous and continuous phases favours the contribution of homogeneous nucleation. The desorption of monomeric radicals from the small polymer particles favours the polymerization in the continuous phase. The miniemulsion polymerization and copolymerization is ideal process for the preparation of composite nanoparticles with different structures. This procedure can be used to develop novel thermally responsive polymer microspheres, for example, based on N-isopropylacrylamide monomer. The composite magnetic nanoparticles are prepared by polymerization of both water-soluble and oil-soluble monomers in the presence of water- and oil-soluble iron oxide nanoparticles. The inverse miniemulsion copolymerization of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate in the presence of inorganic nanoparticles and substances produces poly(acrylic acid-co-sodium acrylate)/inorganic phase composite nanoparticles. The presence of hydrophobic monomer in the miniemulsion system favours the formation of hollow nanoparticles. The composite latex particles owned better thermal stability and higher colloidal stability than pure latex particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignác Capek
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Polymer Institute, Dúbravská cesta, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Kondo T, Shinozaki T, Oku H, Takigami S, Takagishi K. Konjac glucomannan-based hydrogel with hyaluronic acid as a candidate for a novel scaffold for chondrocyte culture. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2009; 3:361-7. [PMID: 19399729 DOI: 10.1002/term.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes were cultured using konjac glucomannan (KGM) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a scaffold for cartilage regeneration. They were subsequently compared with scaffolds produced using agarose hydrogels. Chondrocytes derived from Japanese white rabbits were cultured: 2.0 x 10(5) cells were seeded on KGM containing hyaluronic acid (KGM/HA) and agarose and cultured for 5 days. Their viability was assayed using WST-8 procedures; the ultimate stress and modulus of elasticity of each construct was calculated. After 3 days of cultivation, mRNA in chondrocytes, such as collagen types I and II and aggrecan, were measured using RT-PCR. Both chondrocyte-seeded constructs were stained with safranin O/fast green and were evaluated histologically. Chondrocyte viability decreased concomitantly with increasing KGM/HA or agarose concentration and with culture time. Cell viability in 2% agarose was significantly lower than that in 2% KGM/HA on the third and fifth days (p < 0.05). The primary elastic modulus increased concomitantly with increasing polysaccharide concentration. Elastic moduli of 2% KGM/HA with chondrocytes (0.389 +/- 0.119 N/mm(2)) showed little difference from those without chondrocytes (0.283 +/- 0.243 N/mm(2)), although those of 2% agarose with chondrocytes (0.403 +/- 0.094 N/mm(2)) were significantly lower than those without chondrocytes (0.736 +/- 0.227 N/mm(2); p < 0.05). Collagen type II mRNA expression was higher in KGM/HA and agarose than in monolayer cultures, although KGM/HA had lower aggrecan mRNA expression levels than did agarose. Histological tests of KGM/HA-chondrocyte constructs revealed chondrocyte aggregation and proteoglycan production in the pericellular region. The results show that KGM/HA might be useful for chondrocyte culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Yano S, Umeda D, Yamashita S, Yamada K, Tachibana H. Dietary apigenin attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:876-81. [PMID: 18993046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the flavones, apigenin has various physiological functions including anti-inflammatory activities. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory disorder that is characterized by pruritic and eczematous skin lesions. To evaluate the anti-allergic effect of apigenin in vivo, we examined the effect of dietary apigenin on picrylchloride (PiCl)-induced AD-like pathology in NC/Nga mice. NC/Nga mice were fed experimental diets containing apigenin from Day 18 after sensitized with PiCl for 4 weeks. Dietary apigenin significantly alleviated the development of skin lesions, accompanied by lower serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE levels in NC/Nga mice. Interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA expression level in spleen cells from NC/Nga mice was reduced by apigenin feeding. Moreover, interleukin 4-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 phosphorylation in primary spleen cells from BALB/c mice was inhibited by treatment with apigenin. These results suggest that apigenin attenuates exacerbation of AD-like symptoms in part through the reduction of serum IgE level and IFN-gamma expression in NC/Nga mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Yano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Seki M, Oomizu S, Sakata KM, Sakata A, Arikawa T, Watanabe K, Ito K, Takeshita K, Niki T, Saita N, Nishi N, Yamauchi A, Katoh S, Matsukawa A, Kuchroo V, Hirashima M. Galectin-9 suppresses the generation of Th17, promotes the induction of regulatory T cells, and regulates experimental autoimmune arthritis. Clin Immunol 2008; 127:78-88. [PMID: 18282810 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of galectin-9 on a mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model were assessed to clarify whether galectin-9 suppresses CIA by regulating T cell immune responses. Galectin-9 suppressed CIA in a dose-dependent manner, and such suppression was observed even when treatment was started on 7 days after the booster, indicating its preventive and therapeutic effects. Galectin-9 induced the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-17, IL-12, and IFNgamma in the joint. Galectin-9 induced the decreased number of CD4(+) TIM-3(+) T cells in peripheral blood. Galectin-9-deficient mice became susceptible to CIA may be by increased number of CD4(+) TIM-3(+) T cells and decreased number of Treg cells. We further found that galectin-9 induces differentiation of naive T cells to Treg cells, and it suppresses differentiation to Th17 cells in vitro. The present results suggested that galectin-9 ameliorates CIA by suppressing the generation of Th17, promoting the induction of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Seki
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Tian D, Xie HQ. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto konjac glucomannan via inverse emulsion polymerization and its thickening properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bernstein JA, Crandall MS, Floyd R. Respiratory sensitization of a food manufacturing worker to konjac glucomannan. J Asthma 2007; 44:675-80. [PMID: 17943580 DOI: 10.1080/02770900701554979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Bernstein
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0563, USA.
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Development of autoantibody responses in NC/Nga mice: its prevention by pulverized konjac glucomannan feeding. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 300:95-9. [PMID: 17938942 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-007-0795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary pulverized konjac glucomannan (PKGM) suppresses the development of eczema in NC/Nga mice, a model of atopic dermatitis (AD). Although NC/Nga mice were originally recognized as an autoimmune disease model, recent studies on their autoimmunity are still poorly performed. Here, we show that cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and increases in plasma levels of anti-dsDNA, rheumatoid factor IgG autoantibodies, and B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) were co-elicited in eczematous NC/Nga mice; however, these symptoms were all prevented in PKGM-fed mice. Our results imply the possible involvement of autoimmunity on the pathogenesis of dermatitis and hyper-IgE syndrome in NC/Nga mice. PKGM might be effective in preventing autoimmune responses in AD.
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Dietary pulverized konjac glucomannan prevents the development of allergic rhinitis-like symptoms and IgE response in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:2551-6. [PMID: 17928709 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Konjac is a traditional Japanese food with a peculiar texture, and it has been suggested that its main ingredient, konjac glucomannan (KGM), ameliorates metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hypercholesteremia. We have found that feeding with pulverized KGM (PKGM) prevents skin inflammation in a murine model of atopic dermatitis. Here, we show that dietary PKGM suppresses allergic rhinitis-like symptoms in mice upon immunization and nasal sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). The PKGM-fed mice showed a much lower frequency of sneezing than in control animals. We also found that PKGM supplementation exclusively suppressed OVA-specific IgE response without affecting IgG1/IgG2a responses as well as systemic Th1/Th2 cytokine production. These results suggest that PKGM can be a beneficial foodstuff in preventing nasal allergy such as seasonal pollinosis.
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Onishi N, Kawamoto S, Suzuki H, Santo H, Aki T, Shigeta S, Hashimoto K, Hide M, Ono K. Dietary Pulverized Konjac Glucomannan Suppresses Scratching Behavior and Skin Inflammatory Immune Responses in NC/Nga Mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 144:95-104. [PMID: 17536217 DOI: 10.1159/000103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding with pulverized konjac glucomannan (PKGM) suppresses the development of eczema and hyper-IgE production in NC/Nga mice, a model of atopic dermatitis. This study aimed to examine the effects of PKGM on scratching behavior and skin inflammatory immune responses in NC/Nga mice. METHODS Four-week-old NC/Nga mice were maintained for 8 or 9 weeks on diet containing PKGM. Scratching behavior and clinical symptoms were evaluated every 2 weeks. Effects of PKGM on cutaneous inflammation were evaluated by histopathological analysis. Local expression levels of substance P and proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS An increase in scratching behavior was evident from 6 weeks of age in control mice, but this symptom was dose-dependently inhibited in PKGM-fed mice. Continuous PKGM feeding then significantly inhibited eczematous skin lesions including hyperkeratosis, dermal mastocytosis and eosinophilia. Concomitantly, cutaneous overproductions of substance P, IL-10, IL-4, and TNF-alpha were all suppressed in PKGM-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS PKGM feeding markedly suppressed development of scratching behavior, substance P expression with mastocytosis, and skin inflammatory immune responses in NC/Nga mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Onishi
- Department of Research and Development, Nishikawa Rubber Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
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Ko FWS, Lun SWM, Wong CK, Szeto CC, Lam CWK, Leung TF, Hui DSC. Decreased T-bet expression and changes in chemokine levels in adults with asthma. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 147:526-32. [PMID: 17302903 PMCID: PMC1810483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T-bet is a novel transcription factor regulating lineage commitment of T helper (Th) lymphocytes to a predominant Th1 phenotype. Previous studies on T-bet and asthma focused mainly on bronchial biopsy specimens. This study assessed the relationship between T-bet expression and levels of selected chemokines in the peripheral blood of asthmatics. Blood was collected from 24 steroid-naive asthmatics, 39 asthmatics on inhaled corticosteroid and 32 age- and sex-matched controls for assay of T-bet expression, specific IgE and chemokines (interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10/CXCL10), monokines induced by interferon-gamma (MIG/CXCL9), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) and interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) levels. T-bet mRNA expression was assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Chemokine levels were assessed by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. The mean (s.d.) age and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))% predicted of the asthmatics were 43 x 6 (14 x 6) years and 85 x 9 (20.0)%, respectively. The median (IQR) T-bet expression after normalization with beta-actin was suppressed in asthmatics versus controls [asthmatics 0 x 71 (0 x 59) versus controls 1 x 07 (1 x 14), P=0 x 03].The median (IQR) of plasma RANTES was elevated, whereas IP-10 was suppressed in asthmatics versus controls (RANTES: 13658 x 0 (13673 x 3) versus 6299 x 5 (19407 x 8) pg/ml, P=0 x 03; IP-10: 1047 x 6 (589 x 8) versus 1306 x 4 (759 x 9) pg/ml, P=0 x 001). There was a weak and negative correlation between T-bet expression and RANTES level in the asthmatics (r=-0 x 29, P=0 x 032). T-bet could be measured in peripheral blood and its expression was suppressed in asthmatics. This is in keeping with asthma being a predominantly Th2 disease and T-bet probably plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Further studies are needed to explore the potential application of peripheral blood monitoring of T-bet.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W S Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
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Oomizu S, Yanase Y, Suzuki H, Kameyoshi Y, Hide M. Fucoidan prevents C epsilon germline transcription and NFkappaB p52 translocation for IgE production in B cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:501-7. [PMID: 17027924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a dietary fiber contained in seaweed, reduces the increase of antigen-specific IgE in mice exposed to ovalbumin. In this study, we investigated the effect of fucoidan on IgE production and intracellular events in B cells in vitro. Fucoidan inhibited the production of IgE and C epsilon germline transcription in murine B cells induced by IL-4 (100 ng/ml) and anti-CD40 antibodies (10 microg/ml), whereas it stimulated cell proliferation. A significant effect of fucoidan on IgE production was observed when B cells were stimulated with a higher dose (5 microg/ml) of anti-CD40 antibodies, but not when stimulated with lower doses (1.25, 2.5 microg/ml), regardless of the IL-4 concentrations. Moreover, nuclear translocation of NFkappaB p52, but neither that of NFkappaB p65, nor the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT6 was reduced by fucoidan. These results suggest that fucoidan inhibited IgE production by preventing the NFkappaB p52-mediated pathways activated by CD40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souichi Oomizu
- Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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