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Aagaard JB, Fischer M, Lober J, Neumann FB, Allahverdi D, Sivelle C, Miehe M, Spillner E. Extract-Shaped Immune Repertoires as Source for Nanobody-Based Human IgE in Grass Pollen Allergy. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1518-1527. [PMID: 36696011 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of allergen-specific IgE in serum is a biomarker for allergic disease. Specific IgE antibodies for research and diagnostics, however, remain scarce. In contrast to prototypic antibodies, camelid species have evolved single domains as moiety for antigen recognition. These so-called nanobodies represent a versatile platform for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this study, we aimed for generating nanobodies and derived IgE formats from an extract-shaped immune repertoire. Timothy grass pollen represents a complex, but well-defined mixture of individual allergens. Therefore, a repertoire library from a timothy grass pollen extract immunised llama was established. The selection by phage display yielded 3 nanobodies with immunoreactivity to the extract. IgE-like nanobody-based human IgE (nb-hIgE) antibodies were produced in mammalian cells and assessed in different immunoassays and commercial platforms. Immunoblotting and diagnostic ImmunoCap analysis of single timothy grass pollen allergens identified the major allergens Phl p 6 and Phl p 4 as targets. Assessment of immunoreactivity further documented significant molecular cross-reactivity with pollen extract of different grass species and variant presence of allergens within extracts of Pooideae grasses. In summary, our study shows that extract-based immunisation enables the generation of allergen-specific nanobodies and derived nb-hIgE formats linking nanobody technologies with allergological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Baunvig Aagaard
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michaela Fischer
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Julia Lober
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Bolbro Neumann
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dena Allahverdi
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Coline Sivelle
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michaela Miehe
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Edzard Spillner
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Li MY, Hou XL, Wang F, Tan GF, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Advances in the research of celery, an important Apiaceae vegetable crop. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:172-183. [PMID: 28423952 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1312275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens L.), one of the most important vegetables in Apiaceae family, is cultivated worldwide and utilized in food and cosmetic industries because it is an excellent source of vitamins, phenolic compounds, volatile oils and other nutrients. Celery extracts possess various medicinal properties, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and lowering blood glucose and serum lipid levels. With the rapid advancements in molecular biology and sequencing technology, studies on celery have been performed. Numerous molecular markers and regulatory genes have been discovered and applied to improve celery. Research advances, including genetic breeding, genomics research, function genes and chemical composition, regarding celery are reviewed in this paper. Further exploration and application trends are briefly described. This review provides a reference for basic and applied research on celery, an important Apiaceae vegetable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xi-Lin Hou
- a State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Feng Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Guo-Fei Tan
- a State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- a State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
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Chen X, Dreskin SC. Application of phage peptide display technology for the study of food allergen epitopes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27995755 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phage peptide display technology has been used to identify IgE-binding mimotopes (mimics of natural epitopes) that mimic conformational epitopes. This approach is effective in the characterization of those epitopes that are important for eliciting IgE-mediated allergic responses by food allergens and those that are responsible for cross-reactivity among allergenic food proteins. Application of this technology will increase our understanding of the mechanisms whereby food allergens elicit allergic reactions, will facilitate the discovery of diagnostic reagents and may lead to mimotope-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Chen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephen C Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Lukschal A, Wallmann J, Bublin M, Hofstetter G, Mothes-Luksch N, Breiteneder H, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. Mimotopes for Api g 5, a Relevant Cross-reactive Allergen, in the Celery-Mugwort-Birch-Spice Syndrome. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 8:124-31. [PMID: 26739405 PMCID: PMC4713875 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the celery-mugwort-birch-spice syndrome, a significant proportion of IgE is directed against high molecular weight (HMW) glycoproteins, including the celery allergen Api g 5. BIP3, a monoclonal antibody originally raised against birch pollen, recognizes HMW allergens in birch and mugwort pollens, celery, and Apiaceae spices. Our aim was to generate mimotopes using BIP3 for immunization against the HMW allergens relevant in the celery-mugwort-birch-spice cross reactivity syndrome. METHODS Mimotopes were selected from a random-peptide display library by BIP3 and applied in IgE inhibition assays. The 3 phage clones with the highest inhibitory capacity were chosen for immunization of BALB/c mice. Mouse immune sera were tested for IgG binding to blotted birch pollen extract and used for inhibiting patients' IgE binding. Furthermore, sera were tested for binding to Api g 5, to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a second glycoprotein, or to non-glycosylated control allergen Phl p 5 in ELISA, and the specific Api g 5-specific IgG titers were determined. RESULTS Three rounds of biopanning resulted in phage clones exhibiting 7 different sequences including 1 dominant, 1-6-cyclo-CHKLRCDKAIA. Three phage clones had the capacity to inhibit human IgE binding and induced IgG to the HMW antigen when used for immunizing BALB/c mice. The induced BIP3-mimotope IgG reached titers of 1:500 specifically to Api g 5, but hardly reacted to glycoprotein HRP, revealing a minor role of carbohydrates in their epitope. CONCLUSIONS The mimotopes characterized in this study mimic the epitope of BIP3 relevant for Api g 5, one of the cross-reactive HMW allergens relevant in the celery-mugwort-birch-spice syndrome. BIP3 mimotopes may be used in the future for hyposensitization in this clinical syndrome by virtue of good and specific immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lukschal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Wallmann
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Hofstetter
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Pali-Schöll
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Beitia JM, López-Matas MA, Alonso A, Vega A, Mateo B, Cárdenas R, Carnés J. Allergenic profile to Phleum pratense and immunological changes induced after grass allergen-specific immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 165:9-17. [PMID: 25277364 DOI: 10.1159/000365866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of molecular diagnoses has provided evidence of the existence of several different allergenic profiles in grass-sensitised individuals, reflecting the large number of allergens involved. This methodology has become a potent tool for a correct diagnosis and for the selection of the most appropriate immunotherapy. Based on these concepts, the objectives of this study were to determine the sensitisation profile of a grass-allergic population, and to treat them with specific immunotherapy. METHODS Patients suffering from rhinitis and/or asthma associated with grass pollen were recruited. The active group was treated with depigmented-polymerised allergenic extract of mixed grass pollen. sIgE and sIgG4 to Phleum pratense, and to its individual components (Phl p 1, 2, 4, 5b, 6, 7, 11 and 12) were determined at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 139 individuals (36 in the control group and 103 in the active group). Phl p 1 (96.4%) and Phl p 4 (91.2%) were the most recognised allergens, and 15.3% of individuals had positive IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants. Levels of antigen-specific IgG4 increased significantly after treatment, and the IgE/IgG4 ratio decreased significantly in all allergens after receiving allergen-specific immunotherapy. Non-significant differences were observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of sensitisation to Phl p 4 was observed. Immunological efficacy was studied by measuring sIgG4 levels and the IgE/IgG4 ratio before and after treatment. Sensitisation profiles should be taken into consideration to prepare the most appropriate immunotherapy containing all the relevant and needed allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Beitia
- Allergy Service, Hospital de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
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Gangl K, Niederberger V, Valenta R. Multiple grass mixes as opposed to single grasses for allergen immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1202-16. [PMID: 24152153 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Grass pollen allergy affects approximately 40% of allergic patients. Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is the only allergen-specific and disease-modifying treatment available. Currently available therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of grass pollen allergy are based on natural grass pollen extracts which are either made from pollen of one cross-reactive grass species or from several related grass species. Clinical studies have shown that SCIT performed with timothy grass pollen extract is effective for the treatment of grass pollen allergy. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that recombinant timothy grass pollen allergens contain the majority of relevant epitopes and can be used for SCIT in clinical trials. However, recent in vitro studies have suggested that mixes consisting of allergen extracts from several related grass species may have advantages for SCIT over single allergen extracts. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the disease-relevant allergens in grass pollen allergy, available clinical studies comparing SCIT with allergen extracts from timothy grass or from mixes of several related grass species of the Pooideae subfamily, in vitro cross-reactivity studies performed with natural allergen extracts and recombinant allergens and SCIT studies performed with recombinant timothy grass pollen allergens. In vitro and clinical studies performed with natural allergen extracts reveal no relevant advantages of using multiple grass mixes as opposed to single grass pollen extracts. Several studies analysing the molecular composition of natural allergen extracts and the molecular profile of patients' immune responses after SCIT with allergen extracts indicate that the major limitation for the production of a high quality grass pollen vaccine resides in intrinsic features of natural allergen extracts which can only be overcome with recombinant allergen-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zafred D, Nandy A, Pump L, Kahlert H, Keller W. Crystal structure and immunologic characterization of the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 4. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:696-703.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Douché T, Clemente HS, Burlat V, Roujol D, Valot B, Zivy M, Pont-Lezica R, Jamet E. Brachypodium distachyon
as a model plant toward improved biofuel crops: Search for secreted proteins involved in biogenesis and disassembly of cell wall polymers. Proteomics 2013; 13:2438-54. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Douché
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - David Roujol
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Benoît Valot
- CNRS, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; Gif sur Yvette France
- INRA, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Michel Zivy
- CNRS, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; Gif sur Yvette France
- INRA, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Rafael Pont-Lezica
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
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Kanter U, Heller W, Durner J, Winkler JB, Engel M, Behrendt H, Holzinger A, Braun P, Hauser M, Ferreira F, Mayer K, Pfeifer M, Ernst D. Molecular and immunological characterization of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) pollen after exposure of the plants to elevated ozone over a whole growing season. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61518. [PMID: 23637846 PMCID: PMC3630196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and air pollution, including ozone is known to affect plants and might also influence the ragweed pollen, known to carry strong allergens. We compared the transcriptome of ragweed pollen produced under ambient and elevated ozone by 454-sequencing. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out for the major ragweed allergen Amb a 1. Pollen surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and phenolics were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Elevated ozone had no influence on the pollen size, shape, surface structure or amount of phenolics. ATR-FTIR indicated increased pectin-like material in the exine. Transcriptomic analyses showed changes in expressed-sequence tags (ESTs), including allergens. However, ELISA indicated no significantly increased amounts of Amb a 1 under elevated ozone concentrations. The data highlight a direct influence of ozone on the exine components and transcript level of allergens. As the total protein amount of Amb a 1 was not altered, a direct correlation to an increased risk to human health could not be derived. Additional, the 454-sequencing contributes to the identification of stress-related transcripts in mature pollen that could be grouped into distinct gene ontology terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kanter
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Davies JM, Voskamp A, Dang TD, Pettit B, Loo D, Petersen A, Hill MM, Upham JW, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE. The dominant 55 kDa allergen of the subtropical Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum) pollen is a group 13 pollen allergen, Pas n 13. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:931-40. [PMID: 21269696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bahia grass, Paspalum notatum, is an important pollen allergen source with a long season of pollination and wide distribution in subtropical and temperate regions. We aimed to characterize the 55 kDa allergen of Bahia grass pollen (BaGP) and ascertain its clinical importance. BaGP extract was separated by 2D-PAGE and immunoblotted with serum IgE of a grass pollen-allergic patient. The amino-terminal protein sequence of the predominant allergen isoform at 55 kDa had similarity with the group 13 allergens of Timothy grass and maize pollen, Phl p 13 and Zea m 13. Four sequences obtained by rapid amplification of the allergen cDNA ends represented multiple isoforms of Pas n 13. The predicted full length cDNA for Pas n 13 encoded a 423 amino acid glycoprotein including a signal peptide of 28 residues and with a predicted pI of 7.0. Tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides of 2D gel spots identified peptides specific to the deduced amino acid sequence for each of the four Pas n 13 cDNA, representing 47% of the predicted mature protein sequence of Pas n 13. There was 80.6% and 72.6% amino acid identity with Zea m 13 and Phl p 13, respectively. Reactivity with a Phl p 13-specific monoclonal antibody AF6 supported designation of this allergen as Pas n 13. The allergen was purified from BaGP extract by ammonium sulphate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography. Purified Pas n 13 reacted with serum IgE of 34 of 71 (48%) grass pollen-allergic patients and specifically inhibited IgE reactivity with the 55 kDa band of BaGP for two grass pollen-allergic donors. Four isoforms of Pas n 13 from pI 6.3-7.8 had IgE-reactivity with grass pollen allergic sera. The allergenic activity of purified Pas n 13 was demonstrated by activation of basophils from whole blood of three grass pollen-allergic donors tested but not control donors. Pas n 13 is thus a clinically relevant pollen allergen of the subtropical Bahia grass likely to be important in eliciting seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma in grass pollen-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Davies
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Bublin M, Lauer I, Oberhuber C, Alessandri S, Briza P, Radauer C, Himly M, Breiteneder H, Vieths S, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. Production and characterization of an allergen panel for component-resolved diagnosis of celery allergy. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 52 Suppl 2:S241-50. [PMID: 18384092 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In celery a relevant food allergen source, three allergens have been identified so far: Api g 1 and Api g 4, and one glycosylated protein, Api g 5. For component-resolved food allergy diagnosis high amounts of well-defined allergens are needed. Depending on the individual celery allergen, protocols for heterologous production and purification from natural source, respectively, were established to obtain homogenous protein batches. Afterwards the purified recombinant allergens, Api g 1, Api g 4 and natural Api g 5 were characterized regarding their structural integrity and immunological activity. Therefore, several methods were applied. Proteins were identified by partial N-terminal sequencing, protein mass was verified by MS and sequence integrity by MALDI-TOF and N-terminal sequencing after tryptic digestion. Presence of isoforms in natural allergen preparations was identified by 2-DE. Secondary and tertiary structures were evaluated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and NMR analysis. Finally, IgE binding capacity was verified using selected sera from celery allergic patients in IgE immunoblots and IgE ELISA. These well-defined celery allergens will be used to prove the concept of component-resolved diagnosis and will contribute to improve food allergy diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Tiwari R, Bhalla PL, Singh MB. Mapping of IgE-binding regions on recombinant Cyn d 1, a major allergen from Bermuda Grass Pollen (BGP). Clin Mol Allergy 2009; 7:3. [PMID: 19187539 PMCID: PMC2646682 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7961-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon; subfamily Chloridoideae) is an important source of seasonal aeroallergens in warm tropical and sub-tropical areas worldwide. Improved approaches to diagnosis and therapy of allergic diseases require a thorough understanding of the structure and epitopes on the allergen molecule that are crucial for the antigen-antibody interaction. This study describes the localization of the human IgE-binding regions of the major group 1 pollen allergen Cyn d 1 from Bermuda grass. Methods A cDNA library was constructed from Bermuda grass pollen (BGP) using a Lambda gt11 expression vector. The gene encoding the Cyn d 1 allergen was isolated by screening the library with a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against grass group 1 allergen. In order to characterize the IgE epitopes on Cyn d 1, seven overlapping fragments and three deletion mutants were cloned and over-expressed in E. coli. The recombinant fragments and deletion mutants were evaluated for their comparative IgE reactivity with sera of non atopic individuals and grass pollen allergic patients by ELISA and a dot-blot assay. Results Analysis of IgE binding regions by overlapping fragments and deletion mutants identified two major allergenic regions corresponding to amino acids 120–170 and 224–244. Deletion of either or both regions led to a significant reduction in IgE binding, emphasizing the importance of the C-terminal region on Cyn d 1 in epitope-IgE interaction. Conclusion Anti-Cyn d 1 IgE antibodies from allergic human sera recognize two epitopes located at the C-terminal end of the molecule. These data will enable the design of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for BGP hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Tiwari
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Faculty of Land and Food Resources, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Egger C, Focke M, Bircher AJ, Scherer K, Mothes-Luksch N, Horak F, Valenta R. The allergen profile of beech and oak pollen. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:1688-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Westritschnig K, Horak F, Swoboda I, Balic N, Spitzauer S, Kundi M, Fiebig H, Suck R, Cromwell O, Valenta R. Different allergenic activity of grass pollen allergens revealed by skin testing. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:260-7. [PMID: 18339006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grass pollen is one of the most important allergen sources. The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo allergenic activity of two recently characterized major grass pollen allergens, Phl p 4 and Phl p 13, with three established major grass pollen allergens, Phl p 1, Phl p 2 and Phl p 5 as a basis for the formulation of a grass pollen allergy vaccine based on purified allergens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-two grass pollen allergic patients were skin prick tested with serial dilutions of approximately equimolar concentrations of the purified allergens in a double-blind study. RESULTS Phl p 4 and Phl p 13 were identified as major grass pollen allergens according to IgE binding frequency (Phl p 4: 85%; Phl p 13: 56%), but exhibited a five to nine-fold lower allergenic skin reactivity compared to Phl p 1, Phl p 2 or Phl p 5. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Phl p 4 and Phl p 13 are not essential components for a therapeutic grass pollen vaccine and underpin the importance of evaluating the in vivo allergenic activity of individual allergens for the formulation of therapeutic vaccines based on purified allergens.
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15
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Movérare R, Everberg H, Carlsson R, Holtz A, Thunberg R, Olsson P, Brostedt P, Högbom E. Purification and Characterization of the Major Oak Pollen Allergen Que a 1 for Component-Resolved Diagnostics Using ImmunoCAP®. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 146:203-11. [DOI: 10.1159/000115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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16
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Winkler A, Hartner F, Kutchan TM, Glieder A, Macheroux P. Biochemical evidence that berberine bridge enzyme belongs to a novel family of flavoproteins containing a bi-covalently attached FAD cofactor. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:21276-21285. [PMID: 16728404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603267200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) is involved in the transformation of (S)-reticuline to (S)-scoulerine in benzophenanthridine alkaloid biosynthesis of plants. In this report, we describe the high level expression of BBE encoded by the gene from Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris employing the secretory pathway of the host organism. Using a two-step chromatographic purification protocol, 120 mg of BBE could be obtained from 1 liter of fermentation culture. The purified protein exhibits a turnover number for substrate conversion of 8.2 s(-1). The recombinant enzyme is glycosylated and carries a covalently attached FAD cofactor. In addition to the previously known covalent attachment of the 8alpha-position of the flavin ring system to a histidine (His-104), we could also demonstrate that a covalent linkage between the 6-position and a thiol group of a cysteine residue (Cys-166) is present in BBE. The major evidence for the occurrence of a bi-covalently attached FAD cofactor is provided by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometric analysis of the isolated flavin-containing peptide. Furthermore, it could be shown that anaerobic photoirradiation leads to cleavage of the linkage between the 6-cysteinyl group yielding 6-mercaptoflavin and a peptide with the cysteine residue replaced by alanine due to breakage of the C-S bond. Overall, BBE is shown to exhibit typical flavoprotein oxidase properties as exemplified by the occurrence of an anionic flavin semiquinone species and formation of a flavin N(5)-sulfite adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Winkler
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Petersgasse 12/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Hartner
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis, c/o Graz University of Technology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Toni M Kutchan
- Abteilung Naturstoff-Biotechnologie, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anton Glieder
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis, c/o Graz University of Technology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Petersgasse 12/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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