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Çiçek F, Köle MT. Evaluation of the Impact of Serum Vitamin D Levels on the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1522. [PMID: 37761483 PMCID: PMC10529228 DOI: 10.3390/children10091522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin condition characterized by itching, eczematous plaques, and dry skin. Despite ongoing research, its exact cause remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the factors that influence the severity of AD in children and assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the disease's severity. We enrolled 96 AD patients in our investigation, evaluated their clinical condition using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and compared them to a group of 90 healthy controls. Our analysis revealed that serum vitamin D levels and eosinophil counts significantly impacted the SCORAD index (p < 0.001). According to standardized regression coefficients, for each incremental unit in serum vitamin D levels, the SCORAD index exhibited a decrease of 0.449 units. Similarly, a one-unit increase in eosinophil count resulted in a 0.009 unit increase in the SCORAD index. It is worth noting that the influence of serum vitamin D levels on disease severity surpasses that of eosinophil counts and atopic conditions. In our patient cohort, we uncovered a negative correlation (r = -0.419, p < 0.001) between serum vitamin D levels and the SCORAD index. Our findings suggest that low serum vitamin D levels may have a more substantial impact on AD severity than atopic conditions and eosinophilia. Furthermore, we observed a negative association between the severity of AD and serum 25(OH)D3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Çiçek
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34870, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tolga Köle
- Department of Pediatrics, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34870, Turkey;
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Treating allergies via skin - Recent advances in cutaneous allergen immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114458. [PMID: 35850371 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy has been practiced clinically for decades to treat airborne allergies. Recently, the cutaneous route, which exploits the immunocompetence of the skin has received attention, which is evident from attempts to use it to treat peanut allergy. Delivery of allergens into the skin is inherently impeded by the barrier imposed by stratum corneum, the top layer of the skin. While the stratum corneum barrier must be overcome for efficient allergen delivery, excessive disruption of this layer can predispose to development of allergic inflammation. Thus, the most desirable allergen delivery approach must provide a balance between the level of skin disruption and the amount of allergen delivered. Such an approach should aim to achieve high allergen delivery efficiency across various skin types independent of age and ethnicity, and optimize variables such as safety profile, allergen dosage, treatment frequency, application time and patient compliance. The ability to precisely quantify the amount of allergen being delivered into the skin is crucial since it can allow for allergen dose optimization and can promote consistency and reproducibility in treatment response. In this work we review prominent cutaneous delivery approaches, and offer a perspective on further improvisation in cutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Haziroglu Okmen Z, Celiksoy MH, Topal E. The Effect of Serum Vitamin D Level on Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms in Children. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2021; 34:132-140. [PMID: 34958245 PMCID: PMC8817683 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2021.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic disease that is becoming increasingly common worldwide and has a negative impact on school performance, work performance, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on the symptoms of AR in children. Methods: Serum vitamin D levels of children with AR and age-matched healthy controls were compared using the high-pressure liquid chromatography method. The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and symptoms and severity of AR was then examined. Results: The study included 137 patients diagnosed with AR (76 males, 61 females; median age: 11 years). Serum vitamin D levels were lower in the patient group than in the control group (P = 0.001), lower in all aeroallergen groups (mites, pollen, and multiple inhalants) than in the healthy control group (P = 0.001), and lower in both the perennial AR group and the seasonal AR group than in the control group (P = 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between symptom score and vitamin D level (rs = -0.099; P = 0.25). Conclusions: We found no correlation between serum vitamin D level and symptoms and severity of AR. Serum vitamin D levels were lower in children with AR than in healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Haziroglu Okmen
- Department of Pediatrics and Gaziosmanpasa Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Halil Celiksoy
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Gaziosmanpasa Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Topal
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Inonu University, Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
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Tian Y, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Dou L, Dou Y, Zhao P, Jiang Y, Gao X, Zhang X, Huang J, Xiao L, Wang L, Yan W. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and infant atopic dermatitis: A prospective cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1637-1645. [PMID: 34165218 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy has been linked with the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children, while the results were inconsistent. The objective of this study was to assess the potential association. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in pregnant women from the birth cohort MKFOAD. Infant AD was diagnosed according to Williams' criteria. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association of maternal serum 25(OH)D levels in the first, second, and third trimester of gestation with the risk of infant AD at first year of age. RESULTS In total, 121 (26.5%) of 456 infants developed AD prior to 1 year of age. In general, higher maternal serum 25(OH)D levels throughout pregnancy were associated with increased risks of AD in infants prior to 1 year of age in multivariate logistic regression models, with borderline statistical significance in the first (per ln unit increase: adjusted OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.96, 3.88) and second (per ln unit increase: adjusted OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.93, 3.19) trimester. Multivariate logistic regression models using categorical variables of maternal 25(OH)D levels by tertiles showed similar results: Infants born to mothers with serum 25(OH)D levels in the highest tertile had higher risk of AD than those with 25(OH)D in the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS The present study found some evidence supporting that higher maternal 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy increased the risk of infant AD. However, the clinical implication of the findings should be limited for those with blood levels over the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Tian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Dou
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Dou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Piaoping Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Shanghai Minhang Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Shanghai Minhang Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Shanghai Minhang Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xiao
- Shanghai Minhang Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Kerperien J, Veening-Griffioen D, Oja A, Wehkamp T, Jeurink PV, Garssen J, Knippels LMJ, Willemsen LEM. Dietary Vitamin D Supplementation Is Ineffective in Preventing Murine Cow's Milk Allergy, Irrespective of the Presence of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:908-918. [PMID: 32814335 DOI: 10.1159/000509750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies especially early in life. A mixture of nondigestible short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides, long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides, and pectin-derived acidic-oligosaccharides (GFA) may reduce allergy development and allergic symptoms in murine CMA. Recently, vitamin D (VitD) has been suggested to have beneficial effects in reducing allergy as well. OBJECTIVE In this study, the immune modulatory effect on allergy prevention using the combination of GFA and VitD was investigated. METHODS Female C3H/HeOuJ mice were fed a control or GFA-containing diet with depleted, standard (1,000 IU/kg), or supplemented (5,000 IU/kg) VitD content for 2 weeks before and during whey sensitization (n = 10-15). Mice were sensitized 5 times intragastrically with PBS as a control, whey as cow's milk allergen, and/or cholera toxin as adjuvant on a weekly interval. One week after the last sensitization, mice were intradermally challenged in both ear pinnae and orally with whey, subsequently the acute allergic skin response and shock symptoms were measured. After 18 h, terminal blood samples, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleens were collected. Whey-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 levels were measured by means of ELISA. T cell subsets and dendritic cells (DCs) were studied using flow cytometry. RESULTS Additional VitD supplementation did not lower the allergic symptoms compared to the standard VitD diet. CMA mice fed the GFA diet supplemented with VitD (GFA VitD+) significantly decreased the acute allergic skin response of whey sensitized mice when compared to the CMA mice fed VitD (VitD+) group (p < 0.05). The effect of GFA was not improved by extra VitD supplementation even though the CMA mice fed the GFA VitD+ diet had a significantly increased percentage of CD103+ DCs compared to the VitD+ group (p < 0.05). The VitD-deprived mice showed a high percentage of severe shock and many reached the humane endpoint; therefore, these groups were not further analyzed. CONCLUSIONS High-dose VitD supplementation in mice does not protect against CMA development in the presence or absence of GFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Kerperien
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Désirée Veening-Griffioen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research B.V, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Oja
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Prescilla V Jeurink
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research B.V, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research B.V, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon M J Knippels
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research B.V, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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Serum Vitamin D Level and Body Mass Index in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis. BEYOGLU EYE JOURNAL 2020; 5:102-107. [PMID: 35098071 PMCID: PMC8784476 DOI: 10.14744/bej.2020.75047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the body mass index (BMI) value and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] level in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). METHODS A total of 40 healthy, non-atopic children (control group) and 46 children with VKC (study group) were included in the study. The serum vitamin D [25(OH)D3] levels and BMI values were measured and compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The mean vitamin D level measured in the healthy children (mean: 19.01±5.66 ng/mL, range: 9-33.09 ng/mL) was significantly different from the mean vitamin D level in the VKC-affected children (mean: 14.06±5.02 ng/mL, range 4.37-31 ng/mL) (p<0.001). The mean BMI in the VKC group (17.1±2.5 kg/m2) was significantly higher than the mean BMI of the healthy children (mean: 16.5±2.3 kg/m2; p=0.046). A negative correlation (Spearman's rho=-0.275; p=0.01) was observed between the vitamin D level and the BMI value. CONCLUSION The results indicated that children with VKC had a lower serum vitamin D level and a higher BMI value compared with healthy, age- and sex-matched children.
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Xu Y, Qian J, Yu Z. Budesonide up-regulates vitamin D receptor expression in human bronchial fibroblasts and enhances the inhibitory effect of calcitriol on airway remodeling. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:585-590. [PMID: 31204163 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and dysregulated microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression is associated with TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway activation and fibrosis. While calcitriol has been shown to improve airway remodeling in asthmatic mice, its mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the effect of calcitriol on the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway and miR-21 expression in human bronchial fibroblasts was investigated to explore the mechanism of action of calcitriol and the inhaled glucocorticoid, budesonide, in airway remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human bronchial fibroblasts were pretreated with budesonide, calcitriol, or budesonide plus calcitriol, and stimulated with TGFβ1 for 48h. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-21. Western blot was used to determine airway remodeling-related proteins, TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway-related proteins, glucocorticoid receptor, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. RESULTS Both budesonide and calcitriol down-regulated miR-21 expression in human bronchial fibroblasts, up-regulated Smad7 expression, and inhibited the expression of airway remodeling-related proteins. Both budesonide and calcitriol up-regulated the low expression of VDR induced by TGFβ1 in human bronchial fibroblasts. The expression of VDR in the combined treatment group (budesonide plus calcitriol) was significantly higher than that in the calcitriol treatment group. The expression of collagen type I in the combined treatment group was significantly lower than that in the calcitriol treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Calcitriol can up-regulate the expression of VDR in human bronchial fibroblasts and exert an anti-airway remodeling effect. Budesonide can up-regulate the expression of VDR in human bronchial fibroblasts and enhance the inhibitory effect of calcitriol on airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Sopo SM, Cerchiara G, Bersani G, Monaco S, Romano A, Poscia A. The unpredictability of seasonal variations in serum vitamin D levels in children with asthma and/or rhinitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:411-416. [PMID: 30940418 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have showed that seasonality is an important determinant of vitamin D (vitD) status. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether there are differences in individual trends of serum vitD level over one year in asthmatic and rhinitic children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two asthmatic and rhinitic paediatric patients were followed up for one year and their serum vitD level was detected at three-month intervals, once in each season. RESULTS We observed higher vitD levels at the end of summer and lower at the end of winter. However, the individual seasonal trend was very variable and unpredictable. If it is true that in a given season the majority of patients followed one direction (increase or decrease of serum vitD levels), nevertheless a substantial percentage behaved differently and unpredictably. For example, at the end of spring, 70% of patients showed an increase in serum vitD levels, but 30% showed a decrease. In addition, five individuals had a value ≥50ng/ml in September and showed serum vitD levels ≥30ng/ml throughout the year; 16 patients presented vitD value ≥40ng/ml in September and always had ≥20ng/ml in the other months. CONCLUSIONS The wide and unpredictable variability of the individual trend of serum vitD levels should be taken into account before deciding whether or not a drug supplementation is appropriate.
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Ahmed Mohamed A, Salah Ahmed EM, Farag YMK, Bedair NI, Nassar NA, Ghanem AIM. Dose-response association between vitamin D deficiency and atopic dermatitis in children, and effect modification by gender: a case-control study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:174-179. [PMID: 31296076 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1643447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is a regulatory factor for immunity and skin barrier functions. It is hypothesized to be linked to atopic dermatitis (AD) which is characterized by interaction between epidermal barrier dysfunction and dysregulation of skin immune functions. METHODS One hundred AD patients and one hundred and one normal controls were collected from outpatient clinic based on their clinical condition, both had measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. We assessed the relationship between 25(OH)D deficiency and AD prevalence using adjusted Poisson regression model. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in cases than controls (mean 35.1 versus 22.6 ng/mL, p < .001). The unadjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) (95% CI) for AD for comparing participants with intermediate and deficient vitamin D levels to those with optimal levels were 3.11 (1.91, 5.06) and 4.77 (2.99, 7.60), respectively. The association did not materially change after adjusting for potential confounders. In the fully adjusted analysis stratified by gender, PRs for AD for comparing male participants with intermediate and deficient vitamin D levels to those with optimal levels were 3.38 (1.21, 9.40) and 5.20 (1.91, 14.13), respectively, whereas in the female participants were 1.32 (0.96, 1.83) and 1.49 (1.04, 2.14), respectively (p-interaction <.001). CONCLUSION In this case-control study in children, we found a statistically significant dose-response association between vitamin D deficiency and AD. We also observed a statistically significant effect modification of this association by gender. Further research is recommended to study this association longitudinally, and to examine whether treating vitamin D deficiency may potentially improve AD. Key points Question: Can atopic dermatitis be associated with vitamin D deficiency? Finding: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in cases with AD than in controls. Prevalence ratios for comparing male participants with intermediate and deficient vitamin D levels to those with optimal levels were 3.38 (1.21, 9.40) and 5.20 (1.91, 14.13), respectively, whereas in the female participants were 1.32 (0.96, 1.83) and 1.49 (1.04, 2.14), respectively (p-interaction <.001). Meaning: vitamin D deficiency is associated with AD in children, effect modification of this association by gender was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed Salah Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Youssef M K Farag
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research and Clinical Research and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nermeen Ibrahim Bedair
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Akkaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Döndü Melek Ulusoy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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Matejek T, Navratilova M, Zaloudkova L, Malakova J, Maly J, Skalova S, Palicka V. Vitamin D status of very low birth weight infants at birth and the effects of generally recommended supplementation on their vitamin D levels at discharge. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 33:3784-3790. [PMID: 30810408 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1586873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate vitamin D status in mothers and their very low birth weight infants (VLBW) at birth (umbilical cord blood) and at discharge with currently recommended supplementation of vitamin D.Methods: Ninety-four infants with birth weight less than 1500 g completed the study. The total daily vitamin D intake was 800-1000 IU. We examined 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] levels in maternal serum before labor, in cord blood, and in infants' serum at discharge.Results: Median (IQR) serum 25(OH)D was 21 (14-36) nmol/l [8 (6-15) ng/ml] in cord blood, and 46 (37-60) nmol/l [18 (15-24) ng/ml] at discharge. Serum 25(OH)D was <50 nmol/L in 71.3% of mothers, in 91.5% of cord blood samples, and in almost 60% of preterm newborns at discharge (after 8 weeks of supplementation). Serum 25(OH)D was <75 nmol/L in 88.3% of mothers, in 97.9% of cord blood samples, and in 91.4% of preterm newborns at discharge.Conclusions: In our cohort, we found that due to the very high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency among mothers, the current generally recommended dose of vitamin D (800-1000 IU per day) for VLBW infants was unable to improve vitamin D levels above the desired 50 or even 75 nmol/L before discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Matejek
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Navratilova
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zaloudkova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Malakova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Maly
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sylva Skalova
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Matejek T, Navratilova M, Zaloudkova L, Malakova J, Maly J, Skalova S, Palicka V. Parathyroid hormone – reference values and association with other bone metabolism markers in very low birth weight infants – pilot study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2860-2867. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1450858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Matejek
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Navratilova
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zaloudkova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Malakova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Maly
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sylva Skalova
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Kutluğ S, Kılıç M, Bilgici B, Paksu Ş, Yıldıran A, Sancak R. An evaluation of vitamin D levels in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis during pollen season. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:446-451. [PMID: 28452068 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum vitamin D levels have not been studied in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D levels of children with SAR and to compare them to levels in healthy children during pollen season. METHODS This study was conducted in 100 children with SAR and 100 healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory evaluations and vitamin D analyses of all the participants were performed between the months of April and July. Pollen sensitization was detected in the patient group using a skin prick test. 25(OH)D3 levels were compared between the patient and control groups. Associations among the patient 25(OH)D3 levels and their demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 72% of the patients were male, the median age was 12.35 years (range: 6-17.8 years), and the median body mass index value was 19.15 (range: 13.6-27.8). There were no differences between the patients and healthy controls in terms of gender, age, or body mass index. The mean levels of 25(OH)D3 (20.78±6) in patients were higher than those of the controls (17.92±4). In the patient group, no associations were found among 25(OH)D3 levels, demographic characteristics, atopy test results, atopy history, severity of rhinitis, and the total four symptoms score (all P>.05). CONCLUSIONS During pollen season, children with SAR may have higher vitamin D levels than healthy controls. The presence of asthma and/or atopic dermatitis in addition to SAR did not change this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Kutluğ
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kılıç
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Mehmet Aydın Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Birşen Bilgici
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Şule Paksu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alişan Yıldıran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Recep Sancak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Helve O, Viljakainen H, Holmlund-Suila E, Rosendahl J, Hauta-Alus H, Enlund-Cerullo M, Valkama S, Heinonen K, Räikkönen K, Hytinantti T, Mäkitie O, Andersson S. Towards evidence-based vitamin D supplementation in infants: vitamin D intervention in infants (VIDI) - study design and methods of a randomised controlled double-blinded intervention study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:91. [PMID: 28356142 PMCID: PMC5372327 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is important for bone mass accrual during growth. Additionally, it is considered a requirement for a multitude of processes associated with, for example, the development of immunity. Many countries apply vitamin D supplementation strategies in infants, but the guidelines are not based on scientific evidence and aim at prevention of rickets. It remains unclear whether the recommended doses are sufficient for the wide array of other effects of vitamin D. The VIDI trial performed in Finland is the first large randomised controlled study for evaluation of the effects of different vitamin D supplemental doses in infancy on: 1. bone strength 2. infections and immunity 3. allergy, atopy and asthma 4. cognitive development 5. genetic regulation of mineral homeostasis METHODS/DESIGN: VIDI, a randomised controlled double-blinded single-centre intervention study is conducted in infants from the age of 2 weeks to 24 months. Participants, recruited at Helsinki Maternity Hospital, are randomised to receive daily either 10 μg (400 IU) or 30 μg (1 200 IU) of vitamin D3 supplementation. Both groups are assessed at 6 months of age for calcium homeostasis, and at 12 and 24 months of age for parameters associated with bone strength, growth, developmental milestones, infections, immunity, atopy-related diseases, and genetic factors involved in these functions. DISCUSSION The study enables evaluation of short and long term effects of supplemental vitamin D on growth, immune functions and skeletal and developmental parameters in infants, and the effects of genetic factors therein. The results enable institution of evidence-based guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in infancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01723852 , registration date 6.11.2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Helve
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Valkama
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hytinantti
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Liu ZQ, Li MG, Geng XR, Liu J, Yang G, Qiu SQ, Liu ZG, Yang PC. Vitamin D regulates immunoglobulin mucin domain molecule-4 expression in dendritic cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:656-664. [PMID: 28160341 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cell (DC)-derived immunoglobulin domain molecule (TIM)4 plays a critical role in the initiation of T helper (Th)2 polarization. Vitamin D (VitD) involves the regulation of a number of immune responses. OBJECTIVES This study tests a hypothesis that VitD regulates TIM4 expression in DCs. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and healthy subjects. DCs were isolated from the samples and analyzed for the expression of TIM4. RESULTS We observed that the levels of calcitriol, the active form of VitD3, in the sera of AR patients were lower than that in healthy subjects. The peripheral DC expressed higher levels of TIM4 and lower levels of VDR. A negative correlation was identified between the data of serum calcitriol and TIM4 in DCs. Exposure DCs to calcitriol in the culture increased the expression of VDR. We also found that VDR bound to the TIM4 promoter locus in DCs to repress the TIM4 gene transcription and expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE VitD deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of AR by increasing the TIM4 expression. The results suggest that to regulate the serum calcitriol levels and the expression of VDR in DCs may be necessary to be taken into account in the treatment of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Q Liu
- ENT Institute of the Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China.,The Brain Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M-G Li
- ENT Institute of the Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - X-R Geng
- ENT Institute of the Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China.,The Brain Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Liu
- Shenzhen Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - G Yang
- ENT Institute of the Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China.,The Brain Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S-Q Qiu
- Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Z-G Liu
- ENT Institute of the Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - P-C Yang
- ENT Institute of the Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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16
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D'Auria E, Barberi S, Cerri A, Boccardi D, Turati F, Sortino S, Banderali G, Ciprandi G. Vitamin D status and body mass index in children with atopic dermatitis: A pilot study in Italian children. Immunol Lett 2017; 181:31-35. [PMID: 27838470 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Bozkurt B, Artac H, Ozdemir H, Ünlü A, Bozkurt MK, Irkec M. Serum Vitamin D Levels in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 26:435-439. [PMID: 27775457 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1235714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bozkurt
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hasibe Artac
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ozdemir
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Ünlü
- Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mete Kaan Bozkurt
- Otolaryngology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Irkec
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Fiocchi A, Pawankar R, Cuello-Garcia CA, Zhang Y, Morgano GP, Ahn K, Al-Hammadi S, Agarwal A, Gandhi S, Beyer K, Burks W, Canonica GW, Ebisawa M, Kamenwa R, Lee BW, Li H, Prescott S, Riva JJ, Rosenwasser L, Sampson H, Spigler M, Terracciano L, Vereda A, Waserman S, Schünemann HJ, Brożek JL. World Allergy Organization-McMaster University Guidelines for Allergic Disease Prevention (GLAD-P): Vitamin D. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:17. [PMID: 27274360 PMCID: PMC4869275 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of allergic diseases is approximately 10 % in infants whose parents and siblings do not have allergic diseases and 20-30 % in those with an allergic first-degree relative. Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of the immune system and it may play a role in the development, severity and course of asthma and other allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE The World Allergy Organization (WAO) convened a guideline panel to develop evidence-based recommendations addressing the use of vitamin D in primary prevention of allergic diseases. METHODS Our WAO guideline panel identified the most relevant clinical questions and performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies (NRS), specifically cohort and case-control studies, of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of allergic diseases. We also reviewed the evidence about values and preferences, and resource requirements (up to January 2015, with an update on January 30, 2016). We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to develop recommendations. RESULTS Having reviewed the currently available evidence, the WAO guideline panel found no support for the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of developing allergic diseases in children. The WAO guideline panel suggest not using vitamin D in pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, or healthy term infants as a means of preventing the development of allergic diseases. This recommendation does not apply to those mothers and infants who have other indications for prophylactic or therapeutic use of vitamin D. The panel's recommendations are conditional and supported by very low certainty evidence. CONCLUSIONS WAO recommendations about vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of allergic diseases support parents, clinicians and other health care professionals in their decisions whether or not to use vitamin D in preventing allergic diseases in healthy, term infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Yepes-Nuñez
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C16 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8N 4K1 ON Canada
- />University of Antioquia, School of Medicine, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Ruby Pawankar
- />Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carlos A. Cuello-Garcia
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C16 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8N 4K1 ON Canada
- />Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Medicine, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Yuan Zhang
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C16 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8N 4K1 ON Canada
| | - Gian Paolo Morgano
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C16 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8N 4K1 ON Canada
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- />Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suleiman Al-Hammadi
- />Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shreyas Gandhi
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Wesley Burks
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | | | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- />Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergology and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rose Kamenwa
- />Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- />Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haiqi Li
- />Department of Primary Child Care, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Susan Prescott
- />Department of Immunology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Telethon KIDS Institute, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - John J. Riva
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C16 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8N 4K1 ON Canada
- />Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Lanny Rosenwasser
- />Allergy-Immunology Division, Children’s Mercy Hospital & University of Missouri – Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Hugh Sampson
- />Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Luigi Terracciano
- />Department of Child and Maternal Medicine, University of Milan Medical School at the Melloni Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vereda
- />Allergology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan Waserman
- />Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Holger J. Schünemann
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C16 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8N 4K1 ON Canada
- />Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jan L. Brożek
- />Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C16 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8N 4K1 ON Canada
- />Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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19
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Robl R, Uber M, Abagge KT, Lima MN, Carvalho VO. Serum Vitamin D Levels Not Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Severity. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:283-8. [PMID: 26862046 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGOUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study was to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in a Brazilian population. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of patients younger than 14 years of age seen from April to November 2013. All patients fulfilled the Hanifin and Rajka Diagnostic Criteria for AD diagnosis. Disease severity was determined using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index and classified as mild (<25), moderate (25-50), or severe (>50). Serum vitamin D levels were classified as sufficient (≥30 ng/mL), insufficient (29-21 ng/mL), or deficient (≤20 ng/mL). RESULTS A total of 105 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mild AD was diagnosed in 58 (55.2%) children, moderate in 24 (22.8%), and severe in 23 (21.9%). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 45 individuals (42.9%). Of these, 24 (53.3%) had mild AD, 13 (28.9%) moderate, and 8 (17.7%) severe. Insufficient vitamin D levels were found in 45 (42.9%) individuals; 24 (53.3%) had mild AD, 9 (20.0%) moderate, and 12 (26.7%) severe. Of the 15 individuals (14.2%) with sufficient vitamin D levels, 10 (60.7%) had mild AD, 2 (13.3%) moderate, and 3 (20.0%) severe. The mean vitamin D level was 22.1 ± 7.3 ng/mL in individuals with mild AD, 20.8 ± 6.5 ng/mL in those with moderate AD, and 21.9 ± 9.3 ng/mL in those with severe AD. Variables such as sex, age, skin phototype, season of the year, and bacterial infection were not significantly associated with vitamin D levels. CONCLUSION Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were deficient or insufficient in 85% of the children, but serum vitamin D concentrations were not significantly related to AD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Robl
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Uber
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Kerstin Taniguchi Abagge
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Monica Nunes Lima
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vânia Oliveira Carvalho
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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20
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Mattozzi C, Paolino G, Richetta AG, Calvieri S. Psoriasis, vitamin D and the importance of the cutaneous barrier's integrity: An update. J Dermatol 2016; 43:507-14. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mattozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties; University of Rome “Sapienza”; Rome Italy
| | - Giovanni Paolino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties; University of Rome “Sapienza”; Rome Italy
| | | | - Stefano Calvieri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties; University of Rome “Sapienza”; Rome Italy
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21
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Lee SJ, Kang BH, Choi BS. Vitamin D serum levels in children with allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 58:325-9. [PMID: 26512257 PMCID: PMC4623450 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2015.58.9.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In addition to regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone metabolism, vitamin D is known as an immune modulator. Recently, there has been increased worldwide interest in the association between low levels of vitamin D and allergic diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and allergic/vasomotor rhinitis (AR/VR) in children. Methods This study included 164 patients. The sample included 59 patients with AR, 42 patients with VR, and 63 controls. Their ages ranged from 0 to 16 years. We examined the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Immunoglobulin E, specific IgE, and eosinophil cationic protein; peripheral blood eosinophil count; and the results of a skin prick test. Results Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 19.0±8.5 ng/mL in the AR group, 25.5±10.9 ng/mL in the VR group, and 26.9±10.7 ng/mL in the control group. After adjustment for body mass index and season at the time of blood sampling, vitamin D levels in the AR group were lower than those of the VR group (P=0.003) and control group (P<0.001). Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with Immunoglobulin E levels (r=-0.317, P<0.001). AR patients with food allergy or atopic dermatitis did not have lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D than AR patients without these diseases. Conclusion This study demonstrates a possible relationship between vitamin D levels and allergic rhinitis in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jin Lee
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bong Hwa Kang
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bong Seok Choi
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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22
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Mirzakhani H, Al-Garawi A, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. Vitamin D and the development of allergic disease: how important is it? Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:114-25. [PMID: 25307157 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has known effects on lung development and the immune system that may be important in the development, severity, and course of allergic diseases (asthma, eczema, and food allergy). Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide and may partly explain the increases in asthma and allergic diseases that have occurred over the last 50-60 years. In this review, we explore past and current knowledge on the effect of vitamin D on lung development and immunomodulation and present the evidence of its role in allergic conditions. While there is growing observational and experimental evidence for the role of vitamin D, well-designed and well-powered clinical trials are needed to determine whether supplementation of vitamin D should be recommended in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mirzakhani
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only treatment of allergic diseases that aims at modifying the underlying immune mechanism. Current protocols are long and at risk of anaphylactic reactions. The main aim of current research is decreasing the risk of side effects and increasing efficacy, in particular targeting reduction of treatment duration. Since the advent of molecular biology, extracts can be replaced by recombinant hypo-allergens, peptides, or fusion proteins. In addition, different routes of administration are being pursued as well as the addition of new adjuvants that are targeted at skewing the immune system away from a Th2 to a more Th1 or regulatory T cell phenotype. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this field focusing on the allergen modifications and new adjuvants.
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Suaini NHA, Koplin JJ, Ellis JA, Peters RL, Ponsonby AL, Dharmage SC, Matheson MC, Wake M, Panjari M, Tan HTT, Martin PE, Pezic A, Lowe AJ, Martino D, Gurrin LC, Vuillermin PJ, Tang MLK, Allen KJ. Environmental and genetic determinants of vitamin D insufficiency in 12-month-old infants. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:445-54. [PMID: 25174667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between genetic and environmental exposure and vitamin D status at age one, stratified by ethnicity. This study included 563 12-month-old infants in the HealthNuts population-based study. DNA from participants' blood samples was genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY MALDI-TOF system on 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six genes. Using logistic regression, we examined associations between environmental exposure and SNPs in vitamin D pathway and filaggrin genes and vitamin D insufficiency (VDI). VDI, defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25(OH)D3) level ≤50nmol/L, was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Infants were stratified by ethnicity determined by parent's country of birth. Infants formula fed at 12 months were associated with reduced odds of VDI compared to infants with no current formula use at 12 months. This association differed by ethnicity (Pinteraction=0.01). The odds ratio (OR) of VDI was 0.29 for Caucasian infants (95% CI, 0.18-0.47) and 0.04 for Asian infants (95% CI, 0.006-0.23). Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding were associated with increased odds of infants being VDI (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.11-5.18 and OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.20-5.24 respectively). Presence of a minor allele for any GC SNP (rs17467825, rs1155563, rs2282679, rs3755967, rs4588, rs7041) was associated with increased odds of VDI. Caucasian infants homozygous (AA) for rs4588 had an OR of 2.49 of being associated with VDI (95% CI, 1.19-5.18). In a country without routine infant vitamin D supplementation or food chain fortification, formula use is strongly associated with a reduced risk of VDI regardless of ethnicity. There was borderline significance for an association between filaggrin mutations and VDI. However, polymorphisms in vitamin D pathway related genes were associated with increased likelihood of being VDI in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor H A Suaini
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justine A Ellis
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie C Matheson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Panjari
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hern-Tze Tina Tan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Pamela E Martin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Angela Pezic
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Martino
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyle C Gurrin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Vuillermin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina J Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D, IL-31, and IL-33 in children with allergic disease of the airways. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:520241. [PMID: 25061262 PMCID: PMC4099164 DOI: 10.1155/2014/520241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D is involved in allergic asthma and rhinitis. IL-31 and IL-33 correlate with Th2-associated cytokines in allergic disease. We investigated whether low vitamin D is linked with circulating IL-31 and IL-33 in children with allergic disease of the airways. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) Vit D], IL-31, and IL-33 plasma levels were measured in 28 controls (HC), 11 allergic rhinitis (AR) patients, and 35 allergic asthma with rhinitis (AAR) patients. We found significant lower levels of 25(OH) Vit D in AR and in AAR than in HC. IL-31 and IL-33 plasma levels significantly increased in AAR than HC. IL-31 and IL-33 positively correlated in AR and AAR. 25(OH) Vit D deficient AAR had higher levels of blood eosinophils, exacerbations, disease duration, and total IgE than patients with insufficient or sufficient 25(OH) Vit D. In AAR 25(OH) Vit D levels inversely correlated with total allergen sIgE score and total atopy index. IL-31 and IL-33 did not correlate with 25(OH) Vit D in AR and AAR. In conclusion, low levels of 25(OH) Vit D might represent a risk factor for the development of concomitant asthma and rhinitis in children with allergic disease of the airways independently of IL-31/IL-33 Th2 activity.
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Kang JW, Kim JH, Yoon JH, Kim CH. The association between serum vitamin D level and immunoglobulin E in Korean adolescents. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:817-20. [PMID: 24630983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has immune modulatory functions, and thus its relationship with allergic disease has been evaluated in a number of studies. However, no concrete link between serum IgE level and vitamin D has been established. Thus, the purpose of study was to confirm the association of serum vitamin D level with the serum IgE (total and Dematophagoides farinae specific IgE) in Korean adolescents. METHODS A total of 365 subjects between 10 and 18 years of age were enrolled through the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Serum levels of vitamin D, total IgE, and Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) specific IgE were measured, and data for potential confounding variables were collected. Multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the independent effects of these variables. RESULTS Levels of both total and Df specific IgE were positively correlated with serum concentration of vitamin D (Spearman's rho (R)=0.126, p=0.016; R=0.152, p=0.004, respectively). These results were confirmed by multivariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index (coefficient (B): 10.45 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-20.31; B: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.31-1.80, respectively). And, the association between serum vitamin D and IgE showed the different results depending on the presence or absence of Df sensitization. CONCLUSIONS Serum concentration of vitamin D was positively associated with levels of both total IgE and Df-specific IgE in Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wan Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hong Kim
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang SS, Hon KL, Kong APS, Pong HNH, Wong GWK, Leung TF. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with diagnosis and severity of childhood atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25:30-5. [PMID: 24383670 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies implicated the importance of vitamin D in innate immune defense and pathogenesis of allergic diseases. However, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosis and severity remains unclear. This case-control study investigated such relationship in Hong Kong Chinese children. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of 498 AD children and 328 non-allergic controls were measured by immunoassay. Subjects were categorized into deficient (< 25 nm), insufficient (25-49.9 nm), and sufficient (≥ 50 nm) groups. Short-term and long-term AD severity was evaluated by physician-diagnosed SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS), respectively. Atopy biomarkers were also measured for analysis. RESULTS The mean (s.d.) serum 25(OH)D levels in AD patients and controls were 28.9 (15.3) and 34.2 (14.5) nm, respectively (p < 0.001). More patients had serum 25(OH)D levels <25 nm than controls (47.8% vs. 26.6%). AD severity as indicated by both SCORAD and NESS showed inverse associations with serum 25(OH)D levels (respective p = 3.6 × 10(-4) and 0.004 when adjusted for age, sex, month of assessment, and immunoassay batch as covariates). Vitamin D-deficient patients (3.08 ± 0.76) had higher logarithm-transformed total IgE than those with insufficient (2.74 ± 0.69) and sufficient (2.72 ± 0.72) serum 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.001). The proportion of subjects with elevated IgE was higher in vitamin D-deficient (43.2%) than vitamin D-sufficient (20.0%) groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are prevalent in Hong Kong Chinese children. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with childhood AD and high total IgE. Serum 25(OH)D levels correlate inversely with both long- and short-term AD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Shuxin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Uriu-Adams JY, Obican SG, Keen CL. Vitamin D and maternal and child health: overview and implications for dietary requirements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:24-44. [PMID: 23723170 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The essentiality of vitamin D for normal growth and development has been recognized for over 80 years, and vitamin D fortification programs have been in place in the United States for more than 70 years. Despite the above, vitamin D deficiency continues to be a common finding in certain population groups. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a potential risk factor for the development of preeclampsia, and vitamin D deficiency during infancy and early childhood is associated with an increased risk for numerous skeletal disorders, as well as immunological and vascular abnormalities. Vitamin D deficiency can occur through multiple mechanisms including the consumption of diets low in this vitamin and inadequate exposure to environmental ultraviolet B rays. The potential value of vitamin D supplementation in high-risk pregnancies and during infancy and early childhood is discussed. Currently, there is vigorous debate concerning what constitutes appropriate vitamin D intakes during early development as exemplified by differing recommendations from the Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intake report and recent recommendations by the Endocrine Society. As is discussed, a major issue that needs to be resolved is what key biological endpoint should be used when making vitamin D recommendations for the pregnant woman and her offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Y Uriu-Adams
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Agrawal T, Gupta GK, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D supplementation reduces airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic airway inflammation in a murine model. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:672-83. [PMID: 23711130 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic disease associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway obstruction and airway remodelling. NF-κB is a transcriptional factor that regulates and co-ordinates the expression of various inflammatory genes. The NF-κB subunits, p50 and Rel-A, are translocated to the nucleus by importin α3 and importin α4. There is growing evidence that vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator. However, the evidence for beneficial or adverse effects of vitamin D in asthma is still unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the effect of vitamin D status on AHR, airway inflammation and cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a murine model of allergic asthma. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were fed with special vitamin D-deficient or vitamin D-sufficient (2000 IU/kg) or vitamin D-supplemented (10,000 IU/kg) diet for 13 weeks. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). The effect of vitamin D on lung histology, AHR, T regulatory cells (Tregs) and BALF cytokines was examined. The expression of importin-α3 and Rel-A in the lung of OVA-sensitized mice was analysed using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher AHR in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice than those in vitamin D-sufficient mice. This was accompanied with marked signs of airway remodelling, high BALF eosinophilia, increased BALF pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced BALF IL-10 levels, reduced blood Tregs, increased expression of importin-α3 and Rel-A in the lung tissue. Vitamin D supplementation attenuated the pro-inflammatory effects, but did not completely reverse the features of allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vitamin D could be beneficial as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Choukroun J, Khoury G, Khoury F, Russe P, Testori T, Komiyama Y, Sammartino G, Palacci P, Tunali M, Choukroun E. Two neglected biologic risk factors in bone grafting and implantology: high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low serum vitamin D. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2013; 40:110-4. [PMID: 24107195 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Following a failure of a bone graft or an implant placement, the hypothesis of a biological abnormality is rarely considered as a possible cause. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature for dyslipidemia or vitamin D deficiency may explain this lack of consideration. Excess low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (dyslipidemia) is responsible for a slower bone metabolism or lower dental implant osseointegration. In addition, vitamin D is a key factor for linking innate and adaptive immunity. Both of these factors are compromised under the conditions of vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency slows implant osseointegration and increases the risk of graft infection. Vitamin D is also involved in immune function and therefore allergic reactions.
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The Editor takes a closer look at some of this month's articles. Clin Exp Allergy 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van de Lagemaat M, Rotteveel J, Schaafsma A, van Weissenbruch MM, Lafeber HN. Higher vitamin D intake in preterm infants fed an isocaloric, protein- and mineral-enriched postdischarge formula is associated with increased bone accretion. J Nutr 2013; 143:1439-44. [PMID: 23902955 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.178111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first half of infancy, bone accretion in preterm infants fed an isocaloric, protein- and mineral-enriched postdischarge formula (PDF) is higher compared with those fed term formula (TF) or human milk (HM). This may be related to higher protein, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D intakes. This study investigated serum calcium, phosphate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in relation to bone mineral content (BMC) in PDF-, TF-, and HM-fed preterm infants between term age (40 wk postmenstrual age) and 6 mo corrected age (CA). Between term age and 6 mo CA, 52 preterm infants were fed PDF (per 100 mL: 67 kcal, 1.7 g protein, 65 mg calcium, 38 mg phosphorus, 56 IU vitamin D), 41 were fed TF (per 100 mL: 67 kcal, 1.47 g protein, 50 mg calcium, 30 mg phosphorus, 48 IU vitamin D), and 46 were fed HM. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and 25(OH)D were measured at term age and at 3 and 6 mo CA. BMC (g) was measured by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at term age and at 6 mo CA. Between term age and 6 mo CA, intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D were significantly higher in PDF- compared with TF-fed infants, and PDF-fed infants reached significantly higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations at 6 mo CA (103 ± 24.3 vs. 92.8 ± 15.5 nmol/L, P = 0.003). Between term age and 6 mo CA, increases in serum 25(OH)D were associated with an increase in BMC (β = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.003; P = 0.046). In conclusion, during the first 6 mo postterm, higher vitamin D intake and greater increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration in PDF-fed preterm infants were associated with increased bone accretion.
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Longitudinal trajectory of vitamin D status from birth to early childhood in the development of food sensitization. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:321-6. [PMID: 23797532 PMCID: PMC3773018 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on allergic diseases. The combined role of prenatal and postnatal vitamin D status in the development of food sensitization (FS) and food allergy remains understudied. METHODS Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of 460 children in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) were measured at birth and early childhood, and the subjects were genotyped for rs2243250 (C-590T) in the IL4 gene. We defined FS as specific IgE levels of ≥0.35 kUA/l to any of eight common food allergens; we defined persistently low vitamin D status as cord blood 25(OH)D <11 ng/ml and postnatal 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml. RESULTS We observed a moderate correlation between cord blood 25(OH)D at birth and venous blood 25(OH)D measured at 2-3 y (r = 0.63), but a weak correlation at <1 y (r = 0.28). There was no association between low vitamin D status and FS at any single time point alone. However, in combination, persistence of low vitamin D status at birth and in early childhood increased the risk of FS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-4.04), particularly among children carrying the C allele of rs2243250 (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.37-7.60). CONCLUSION Prenatal and early postnatal vitamin D levels, along with individual genetic susceptibility, should be considered in assessing the role of vitamin D in the development of FS and food allergy.
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Prokopakis E, Vardouniotis A, Kawauchi H, Scadding G, Georgalas C, Hellings P, Velegrakis G, Kalogjera L. The pathophysiology of the hygiene hypothesis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1065-71. [PMID: 23701898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There has been a considerable increase in the diagnosis of allergic diseases over the last decades. Prevalence of allergies in high-income countries and urban areas appears higher than in rural environments. While environmental factors like pollution or nutrition can be important, it is more likely that in the end they have a small association with allergies. Childhood infections and exposure to certain microbial antigens on the other hand seem to present a strong negative correlation with allergies, and therefore the increase of the allergic burden in the Western world has been frequently related to a decline of childhood infections giving birth to the "Hygiene Hypothesis". We address the issue with emphasis on the associated pathophysiology tightrope walking between the skepticism of the critics, which cast doubt on it, and the pilgrims' belief of having discovered allergy's Holy Grail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Prokopakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, Greece.
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The Editor takes a closer look at some of this month's articles. Clin Exp Allergy 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Akan A, Azkur D, Ginis T, Toyran M, Kaya A, Vezir E, Ozcan C, Ginis Z, Kocabas CN. Vitamin D level in children is correlated with severity of atopic dermatitis but only in patients with allergic sensitizations. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:359-63. [PMID: 23289912 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is believed to affect the progression and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). Allergic sensitization may cause this effect to vary. Individuals who fulfilled the Hanifin and Rajka criteria for AD underwent epidermal prick tests and blood tests for specific immunoglobulin E(IgE), serum total IgE, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and peripheral blood eosinophil count and percentage. Disease severity was determined according to the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Patients were grouped according to allergic sensitization. Seventy-three children with AD (median age 33.0 mos, interquartile range 19.0-61.5 mos) were enrolled in the study; 33 (45.2%) were found to have allergic sensitization. In this group there was a negative correlation between SCORAD score and serum vitamin D level (p = 0.047, correlation coefficient [r] = -0.349), whereas there was no correlation in the group without sensitization (p = 0.30, r = -0.168). Vitamin D was not correlated with total IgE and eosinophil percentage in either AD group (p = 0.77, r = 0.054 and p = 0.73, r = -0.062, respectively). Vitamin D may affect the severity of AD, especially in children with allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Akan
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Fernández-Caldas E. In the summertime when the weather is fine. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:97-8. [PMID: 23343612 DOI: 10.1159/000345993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24:126-35. [PMID: 22577261 PMCID: PMC3346901 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or rosacea are very common. Although their exact pathogenesis is not completely understood all three diseases are characterized by dysregulation of cutaneous innate immunity. Cathelicidin LL-37 is an important effector molecule of innate immunity in the skin and atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or rosacea show defects in cathelicidin expression, function or processing. In atopic dermatitis, cathelicidin induction might be disturbed resulting in defective antimicrobial barrier function. In contrast, psoriasis is characterized by overexpression of cathelicidin. However to date it is unclear whether pro- or anti-inflammatory functions of cathelicidin predominate in lesional skin in psoriasis. In rosacea, cathelicidin processing is disturbed resulting in peptide fragments causing inflammation, erythema and telangiectasias. In this review, the current evidence on the role of cathelicidin LL-37 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases will be outlined. As cathelicidin LL-37 might also serve as a future treatment target potential novel treatment strategies for those diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
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