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Ru X, Huang L, Su Z, Ye C, Guo Y. Exploring the causal relationship between asthma in the metabolic syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study. J Asthma 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39163002 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2394143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have indicated a potential association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and asthma, though the causal nature of this connection is still uncertain. Our study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the causal relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with asthma. METHODS This study utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to MetS and its components, sourced from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data, in combination with asthma data from the FinnGen database. Statistical analyses were conducted using the inverse variance weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median method. The robustness of the findings was confirmed through various sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The IVW analysis indicated that MetS was associated with an increased risk of asthma (OR = 1.0781, 95% CI = 1.0255-1.1333, p = 0.0032). Among the components of MetS, waist circumference (WC) showed a strong association with asthma (OR = 1.4777, 95% CI = 1.3412-1.6281, p = 2.8707 × 10-15). Conversely, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was found to be inversely related to the risk of asthma (OR = 0.9186, 95% CI = 0.8669-0.9734, p = 0.0041). CONCLUSION The findings of this study support that MetS and its specific components, particularly abdominal obesity, are linked to a higher risk of asthma, while HDL-C might offer protective effects against asthma. These findings provide a foundation both for further research and possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Ru
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Su
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxiao Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Hwang J, Jung Y, Moon S, Yu S, Oh H, Kim S, Kim KW, Yoon JH, Chun J, Kim SJ, Chung WJ, Kweon DH. Nanodisc-Mediated Conversion of Virustatic Antiviral Antibody to Disrupt Virus Envelope in Infected Cells. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101516. [PMID: 35107214 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many antibody-based antivirals, including broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against various influenza virus strains, suffer from limited potency. A booster of the antiviral activity of an antibody is expected to facilitate development of antiviral therapeutics. In this study, a nanodisc (ND), a discoidal lipid bilayer encircled by membrane scaffold proteins, is engineered to provide virucidal properties to antibodies, thereby augmenting their antiviral activity. NDs carrying the Fc-binding peptide sequence form an antibody-ND complex (ANC), which can co-endocytose into cells infected with influenza virus. ANC efficiently inhibits endosome escape of viral RNA by dual complimentary mode of action. While the antibody moiety in an ANC inhibits hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion, its ND moiety destroys the viral envelope using free hemagglutinins that are not captured by antibodies. Providing virus-infected host cells with the ability to self-eliminate by the synergistic effect of ANC components dramatically amplifies the antiviral efficacy of a bnAb against influenza virus. When the efficacy of ANC is assessed in mouse models, administration of ANCs dramatically reduces morbidity and mortality compared to bnAb alone. This study is the first to demonstrate the novel nanoparticle ANC and its role in combating viral infections, suggesting that ANC is a versatile platform applicable to various viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokoh Moon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyeon Yu
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Won Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Chun
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jick Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Chung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Antonopoulos D, Tsilioni I, Tsiara S, Moustaka E, Ladias S, Perlepe G, Theoharides TC, Gourgoulianis KI, Balatsos NAA. ExoProK: A Practical Method for the Isolation of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Pleural Effusions. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4020031. [PMID: 34065021 PMCID: PMC8163155 DOI: 10.3390/mps4020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted, lipid membrane-enclosed nanoparticles without functional nucleus. EV is a general term that includes various subtypes of particles named microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes or exosomes. EVs transfer RNA, DNA and protein cargo between proximal and distant cells and tissues, thus constituting an organism-wide signal transduction network. Pathological tissues secrete EVs that differ in their cargo composition compared to their healthy counterparts. The detection of biomarkers in EVs from biological fluids may aid the diagnosis of disease and/or monitor its progression in a minimally invasive manner. Among biological fluids, pleural effusions (PEs) are integrated to clinical practice, as they accompany a wide variety of lung disorders. Due to the proximity with the pleura and the lungs, PEs are expected to be especially enriched in EVs that originate from diseased tissues. However, PEs are among the least studied biofluids regarding EV-specialized isolation methods and related biomarkers. Herein, we describe a practical EV isolation method from PEs for the screening of EV RNA biomarkers in clinical routine. It is based on a Proteinase K treatment step to digest contaminants prior to standard polyethylene-glycol precipitation. The efficiency of the method was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blot. The reliability and sensitivity of the method towards the detection of EV-enriched RNA biomarkers from multiple PEs was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Antonopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00 Larissa, Greece; (D.A.); (S.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Suite J304, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (I.T.); (T.C.T.)
| | - Sophia Tsiara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00 Larissa, Greece; (D.A.); (S.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eirini Moustaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00 Larissa, Greece; (D.A.); (S.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Spyridon Ladias
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 411 10 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Garyfallia Perlepe
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 411 10 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Suite J304, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (I.T.); (T.C.T.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 411 10 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.I.G.); (N.A.A.B.)
| | - Nikolaos A. A. Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00 Larissa, Greece; (D.A.); (S.T.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.I.G.); (N.A.A.B.)
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High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in Allergy and Skin Diseases: Focus on Immunomodulating Functions. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120558. [PMID: 33271807 PMCID: PMC7760586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From an evolutionary perspective, lipoproteins are not only lipid transporters, but they also have important functions in many aspects of immunity. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are the most abundant lipoproteins and the most heterogeneous in terms of their composition, structure, and biological functions. Despite strong evidence that HDL potently influences the activity of several immune cells, the role of HDL in allergies and skin diseases is poorly understood. Alterations in HDL-cholesterol levels have been observed in allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis (eczema), psoriasis, urticaria, and angioedema. HDL-associated apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoA-IV, and apoC-III, and lyso-phosphatidylcholines potently suppress immune cell effector responses. Interestingly, recent studies provided evidence that allergies and skin diseases significantly affect HDL composition, metabolism, and function, which, in turn, could have a significant impact on disease progression, but may also affect the risk of cardiovascular disease and infections. Interestingly, not only a loss in function, but also, sometimes, a gain in function of certain HDL properties is observed. The objective of this review article is to summarize the newly identified changes in the metabolism, composition, and function of HDL in allergies and skin diseases. We aim to highlight the possible pathophysiological consequences with a focus on HDL-mediated immunomodulatory activities.
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Laou E, Milionis H, Petrou A, Arnaoutoglou E, Glantzounis G, Bairaktari E, Mavridis D, Mikhailidis DP, Papadopoulos G, Tzimas P. The impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on perioperative outcomes after elective laparotomy - A prospective observational study. Am J Surg 2017; 214:831-837. [PMID: 28330739 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a constellation of risk factors, including central obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose, high blood pressure and atherogenic dyslipidemia. This prospective observational study aimed to assess the impact of MetS on perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with laparotomy. METHODS We included 105 consecutive non-diabetic patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with laparotomy. Patients were divided into two groups based on MetS diagnosis. Perioperative adverse events were recorded according to the definitions of the European Perioperative Clinical Outcome guidelines. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 57.1%. The presence of MetS was associated with a 2.64 higher odds (95% CI 1.18-5.95, P = 0.019) for respiratory events and a 3.42 higher odds (95% CI 1.05-11.13, P = 0.041) for superficial surgical site infections. Furthermore, regarding MetS patients, all individual components of MetS were associated with worse outcomes in an independent manner. CONCLUSIONS MetS as an entity along with its individual components are associated with an increased risk of perioperative events in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Laou
- Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Haralampos Milionis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Anastasios Petrou
- Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Eleni Arnaoutoglou
- Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Georgios Glantzounis
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Mavridis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Georgios Papadopoulos
- Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Petros Tzimas
- Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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Kankaanranta H, Kauppi P, Tuomisto LE, Ilmarinen P. Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3690628. [PMID: 27212806 PMCID: PMC4861800 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3690628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Most studies with asthma have been performed in patients being otherwise healthy. However, in real life, comorbid diseases are very common in adult patients. We review here the emerging comorbid conditions to asthma such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), and cardiac and psychiatric diseases. Their role as risk factors for incident asthma and whether they affect clinical asthma are evaluated. Obesity, independently or as a part of metabolic syndrome, DM2, and depression are risk factors for incident asthma. In contrast, the effects of comorbidities on clinical asthma are less well-known and mostly studies are lacking. Cross-sectional studies in obese asthmatics suggest that they may have less well controlled asthma and worse lung function. However, no long-term clinical follow-up studies with these comorbidities and asthma were identified. These emerging comorbidities often occur in the same multimorbid adult patient and may have in common metabolic pathways and inflammatory or other alterations such as early life exposures, systemic inflammation, inflammasome, adipokines, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, lung mechanics, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed nitric oxide metabolism, and leukotrienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Kankaanranta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tampere, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena E. Tuomisto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Pinja Ilmarinen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
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Regulation of Adaptive Immunity in Health and Disease by Cholesterol Metabolism. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:48. [PMID: 26149587 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Four decades ago, it was observed that stimulation of T cells induces rapid changes in cellular cholesterol that are required before proliferation can commence. Investigators returning to this phenomenon have finally revealed its molecular underpinnings. Cholesterol trafficking and its dysregulation are now also recognized to strongly influence dendritic cell function, T cell polarization, and antibody responses. In this review, the state of the literature is reviewed on how cholesterol and its trafficking regulate the cells of the adaptive immune response and in vivo disease phenotypes of dysregulated adaptive immunity, including allergy, asthma, and autoimmune disease. Emerging evidence supporting a potential role for statins and other lipid-targeted therapies in the treatment of these diseases is presented. Just as vascular biologists have embraced immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis, so should basic and clinical immunologists in allergy, pulmonology, and other disciplines seek to encompass a basic understanding of lipid science.
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Fessler MB. Revisiting "Good" and "Bad" Cholesterol. The Battle over Flow through Arteries Now Shifts to Flow through Airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:969-70. [PMID: 25932757 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201502-0413ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Fessler
- 1 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Barochia AV, Kaler M, Cuento RA, Gordon EM, Weir NA, Sampson M, Fontana JR, MacDonald S, Moss J, Manganiello V, Remaley AT, Levine SJ. Serum apolipoprotein A-I and large high-density lipoprotein particles are positively correlated with FEV1 in atopic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:990-1000. [PMID: 25692941 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201411-1990oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein particles are important modulators of inflammation, varying relationships exist between these parameters and asthma. OBJECTIVES To determine whether serum lipids and apolipoproteins correlate with the severity of airflow obstruction in subjects with atopy and asthma. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 154 atopic and nonatopic subjects without asthma, and 159 subjects with atopy and asthma. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were quantified using standard diagnostic assays and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Airflow obstruction was assessed by FEV1% predicted. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serum lipid levels correlated with FEV1 only in the subjects with atopy and asthma. Serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) were positively correlated with FEV1 in subjects with atopy and asthma, whereas a negative correlation existed between FEV1 and serum levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and the apoB/apoA-I ratio. NMR spectroscopy identified a positive correlation between FEV1 and HDLNMR particle size, as well as the concentrations of large HDLNMR particles and total IDLNMR (intermediate-density lipoprotein) particles in subjects with atopy and asthma. In contrast, LDLNMR particle size and concentrations of LDLNMR and VLDLNMR (very-low-density lipoprotein) particles were negatively correlated with FEV1 in subjects with atopy and asthma. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with atopy and asthma, serum levels of apoA-I and large HDLNMR particles are positively correlated with FEV1, whereas serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and apoB are associated with more severe airflow obstruction. These results may facilitate future studies to assess whether apoA-I and large HDLNMR particles can reduce airflow obstruction and disease severity in asthma.
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Dai C, Yao X, Vaisman B, Brenner T, Meyer KS, Gao M, Keeran KJ, Nugent GZ, Qu X, Yu ZX, Dagur PK, McCoy JP, Remaley AT, Levine SJ. ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 attenuates ovalbumin-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:626-36. [PMID: 24813055 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0264oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is an important component of high-density lipoprotein particles that mediates reverse cholesterol transport out of cells by interacting with the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1). apoA-I has also been shown to attenuate neutrophilic airway inflammation in experimental ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma by reducing the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Here, we hypothesized that overexpression of the ABCA1 transporter might similarly attenuate OVA-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. Tie2-human ABCA1 (hABCA1) mice expressing human ABCA1 under the control of the Tie2 promoter, which is primarily expressed by vascular endothelial cells, but can also be expressed by macrophages, received daily intranasal OVA challenges, 5 d/wk for 5 weeks. OVA-challenged Tie2-hABCA1 mice had significant reductions in total bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells that reflected a decrease in neutrophils, as well as reductions in peribronchial inflammation, OVA-specific IgE levels, and airway epithelial thickness. The reduced airway neutrophilia in OVA-challenged Tie2-hABCA1 mice was associated with significant decreases in G-CSF protein levels in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and BALF. Intranasal administration of recombinant murine G-CSF to OVA-challenged Tie2-hABCA1 mice for 5 days increased BALF neutrophils to a level comparable to that of OVA-challenged wild-type mice. We conclude that ABCA1 suppresses OVA-induced airway neutrophilia by reducing G-CSF production by vascular endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages. These findings suggest that ABCA1 expressed by vascular endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages may play important roles in attenuating the severity of neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma.
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