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Atypical clear cell sarcoma of the pleura presenting as large pleural effusion with 22q12 abnormality: A challenging case with twists and turns. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2021.200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumors of the foot and ankle are rarely encountered in the general patient population. Even among studies of tumor patients, foot and ankle neoplasms are uncommon. Given the weight-bearing demands of the foot and its relatively small area, even small masses are likely to be symptomatic and/or palpable to both patient and physician. Only 3% of osseous neoplasms are found in this region, while 8% of benign soft tissue tumors and 5% of malignant soft tissue tumors are localized to the foot and ankle. Despite the rarity of presentation, it is important for orthopaedic surgeons to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options for these patients, as each tumor varies in its presentation, level of aggressiveness, and natural history of the disease. With appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment, patients can anticipate a reasonable chance of survival and preservation of function. In this review article, the authors survey the current literature regarding the presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment for the most common benign and malignant tumors of the foot and ankle. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level IV: Literature Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Kennedy
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM)
| | - Keir A Ross
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM)
| | - Niall A Smyth
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM)
| | - MaCalus V Hogan
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM)
| | - Christopher D Murawski
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM)
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