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Gao CJ, Ding PJ, Yang LL, He XF, Chen MJ, Wang DM, Tian YX, Zhang HM. Oxymatrine Sensitizes the HaCaT Cells to the IFN-γ Pathway and Downregulates MDC, ICAM-1, and SOCS1 by Activating p38, JNK, and Akt. Inflammation 2017; 41:606-613. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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Lo WC, Arsenescu V, Arsenescu RI, Friedman A. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How Effective Is TNF-α Suppression? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165782. [PMID: 27824890 PMCID: PMC5100971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s Disease (CD) results from inappropriate response toward commensal flora. Earlier studies described CD as a Th1 mediated disease. Current models view both phenotypes as a continuum of various permutations between Th1, Th2 and Th17 pathways compounded by a range of Treg disfunctions. In the present paper, we develop a mathematical model, by a system of differential equations, which describe the dynamic relations among these T cells and their cytokines. The model identities four groups of CD patients according to up/down regulation of Th1 and Th2. The model simulations show that immunosuppression by TNF-α blockage benefits the group with Th1High/Th2Low while, by contrast, the group with Th1Low/Th2High will benefit from immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Cheong Lo
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Razvan I. Arsenescu
- Digestive Health Institute, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center of Excellence Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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3
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MT1 receptor expression and AA-NAT activity in lymphatic tissue following melatonin administration in male golden hamster. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:258-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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4
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Inkeles MS, Scumpia PO, Swindell WR, Lopez D, Teles RMB, Graeber TG, Meller S, Homey B, Elder JT, Gilliet M, Modlin RL, Pellegrini M. Comparison of molecular signatures from multiple skin diseases identifies mechanisms of immunopathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:151-159. [PMID: 25111617 PMCID: PMC4268388 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to obtain gene expression profiles from human disease specimens provides an opportunity to identify relevant gene pathways, but is limited by the absence of data sets spanning a broad range of conditions. Here, we analyzed publicly available microarray data from 16 diverse skin conditions in order to gain insight into disease pathogenesis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering separated samples by disease and common cellular and molecular pathways. Disease specific signatures were leveraged to build a multi-disease classifier which predicted the diagnosis of publicly and prospectively collected expression profiles with 93% accuracy. In one sample, the molecular classifier differed from the initial clinical diagnosis and correctly predicted the eventual diagnosis as the clinical presentation evolved. Finally, integration of interferon (IFN) regulated gene programs with the skin database revealed a significant inverse correlation between IFN–β and IFN–γ programs across all conditions. Our study provides an integrative approach to the study of gene signatures from multiple skin conditions, elucidating mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Additionally, these studies provide a framework for developing tools for personalized medicine towards the precise prediction, prevention, and treatment of disease on an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Inkeles
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philip O Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David Lopez
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosane M B Teles
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephan Meller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Ann Arbor VA Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Shim EH, Choung SY. Inhibitory effects of Solanum tuberosum L. var. vitelotte extract on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1303-16. [PMID: 24961480 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte (SV) extract on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by the topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in NC/Nga mice. METHODS SV extract was administered orally to NC/Nga mice at the dose of 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The effectiveness of SV extract in NC/Nga mice was evaluated by measuring symptom severity, ear thickness, scratching behaviour, serum levels of IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, T helper 1 (Th1; interferon-γ and IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in spleen, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells in tissue. KEY FINDINGS Oral administration of SV extract to NC/Nga mice resulted in the inhibition of the development of AD-like skin lesions. SV extract was attenuated AD-like skin lesion, ear thickening and scratching behaviour. SV extract also alleviated infiltrated inflammatory cells in tissue. Production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines was inhibited in splenocyte cultures. Additionally, reduced levels of IgE and IgG1/IgG2a ratio in serum and expression of AD-related mRNAs in lesional skins were observed in SV-treated mice compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS SV extract alleviated the exacerbation of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by suppressing total serum level of IgE and correcting the Th1/Th2 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hyeong Shim
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Prevention of adverse events of interferon γ gene therapy by gene delivery of interferon γ-heparin-binding domain fusion protein in mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14023. [PMID: 26015966 PMCID: PMC4362348 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sustained gene delivery of interferon (IFN) γ can be an effective treatment, but our previous study showed high levels of IFNγ-induced adverse events, including the loss of body weight. These unwanted events could be reduced by target-specific delivery of IFNγ after in vivo gene transfer. To achieve this, we selected the heparin-binding domain (HBD) of extracellular superoxide dismutase as a molecule to anchor IFNγ to the cell surface. We designed three IFNγ derivatives, IFNγ-HBD1, IFNγ-HBD2, and IFNγ-HBD3, each of which had 1, 2, or 3 HBDs, respectively. Each plasmid-encoding fusion proteins was delivered to the liver, a model target in this study, by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. The serum concentration of IFNγ-HBD2 and IFNγ-HBD3 after gene delivery was lower than that of IFNγ or IFNγ-HBD1. Gene delivery of IFNγ-HBD2, but not of IFNγ-HBD3, effectively increased the mRNA expression of IFNγ-inducible genes in the liver, suggesting liver-specific distribution of IFNγ-HBD2. Gene delivery of IFNγ-HBD2-suppressed tumor growth in the liver as efficiently as that of IFNγ with much less symptoms of adverse effects. These results indicate that the adverse events of IFNγ gene transfer can be prevented by gene delivery of IFNγ-HBD2, a fusion protein with high cell surface affinity.
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Watcharanurak K, Zang L, Nishikawa M, Yoshinaga K, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi Y, Ando M, Saito K, Watanabe Y, Takakura Y. Effects of upregulated indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 by interferon γ gene transfer on interferon γ-mediated antitumor activity. Gene Ther 2014; 21:794-801. [PMID: 24919418 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon γ (IFN-γ), an anticancer agent, is a strong inducer of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which is a tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme involved in the induction of tumor immune tolerance. In this study, we investigated the IDO1 expression in organs after IFN-γ gene transfer to mice. IFN-γ gene transfer greatly increased the mRNA expression of IDO1 in many tissues with the highest in the liver. This upregulation was associated with reduced L-tryptophan levels and increased L-kynurenine levels in serum, indicating that IFN-γ gene transfer increased the IDO activity. Then, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing wild-type and IDO1-knockout (IDO1 KO) mice were used to investigate the effects of IDO1 on the antitumor activity of IFN-γ. IFN-γ gene transfer significantly retarded the tumor growth in both strains without any significant difference in tumor size between the two groups. By contrast, the IDO1 activity was increased only in the wild-type mice by IFN-γ gene transfer, suggesting that cells other than LLC cells, such as tumor stromal cells, are the major contributors of IDO1 expression in LLC tumor. Taken together, these results imply that IFN-γ gene transfer mediated IDO1 upregulation in cells other than LLC cells has hardly any effect on the antitumor activity of IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watcharanurak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L Zang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Yoshinaga
- Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Ando
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Saito
- Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ando M, Takahashi Y, Nishikawa M, Takakura Y. [Control of spatiotemporal distribution of interferon γ by genetically fusing functional peptides]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014. [PMID: 23208047 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type II interferon (IFNγ) is a representative Th1 cytokine and it possesses a variety of functions, including immune regulation, antiviral and antitumor activity. Because of its multifunctional nature, IFNγ is expected to be applied to the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer and viral infection. Although IFNγ has therapeutic potential for such diseases, the clinical use of IFNγ has been limited due to its short in vivo half-life and serious adverse effects. In contrast, gene delivery of IFNγ is an alternative approach to increasing the retention time of IFNγ. To extend transgene expression after plasmid DNA (pDNA) gene transfer, we designed and developed pDNA with varying numbers of CpG motifs. CpG-reduced pDNA resulted in more durable transgene expression than its CpG replete counterpart in mice. Comparison of the effect of promoter/enhancer elements on transgene expression showed that ROSA26 promoter-mediated IFNγ expression was safe because of the lack of an initial surge after hydrodynamic gene transfer. We also designed an IFNγ-mouse serum albumin (MSA) fusion protein, IFNγ-MSA. Gene transfer of this fusion protein resulted in a sustained concentration of IFNγ fusion protein in mouse serum, and inhibited tumor metastasis in mice. These results provide experimental evidence that IFNγ gene therapy can be a useful treatment for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Ando
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ando M, Takahashi Y, Nishikawa M, Watanabe Y, Takakura Y. Constant and steady transgene expression of interferon-γ by optimization of plasmid construct for safe and effective interferon-γ gene therapy. J Gene Med 2013; 14:288-95. [PMID: 22359360 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrodynamic injection of pmCMV(enh) -hEF-1(prom) -muIFN-γ, a plasmid DNA (pDNA) expressing murine interferon (IFN)-γ with a murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) enhancer and a human elongation factor (EF)-1 promoter, has been proven effective for the treatment of cancer and atopic dermatitis in mice. However, the initial peak of IFN-γ soon after injection was quite high compared to the steady level for subsequent periods, which could cause unwanted adverse effects. Therefore, in the present study, aiming to optimize the efficacy/side-effect ratio of IFN-γ gene transfer, we have developed plasmid vectors encoding murine IFN-γ under the control of different combinations of promoter and enhancer sequences. METHODS The promoter and enhancer sequence of pmCMV(enh) -hEF-1(prom) -huIFN-γ, a prototype plasmid expressing human IFN-γ, was replaced or deleted to obtain various pDNAs. To assess the transgene expression profile, each pDNA was delivered to mice by hydrodynamic injection and the serum IFN-γ concentration was measured periodically. On the basis of the results obtained, murine IFN-γ expressing pDNAs were constructed and the body weight change was monitored as an indicator of adverse effects. RESULTS The prototype pmCMV(enh) -hEF-1(prom) -huIFN-γ showed a high but declining concentration of IFN-γ. Those containing hROSA26 promoter expressed the transgene in a more constant manner with no initial high concentrations and scarcely reduced the body weight. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that hROSA26 promoter, irrespective of the presence and type of enhancers, is suitable for achieving constant and steady level of transgene expression and effective in avoiding the body weight loss caused by high concentrations of IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Ando
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Mathematical model of the roles of T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Bull Math Biol 2013; 75:1417-33. [PMID: 23760658 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-013-9853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut mucosal homeostasis depends on complex interactions among the microbiota, the intestinal epithelium, and the gut associated immune system. A breakdown in some of these interactions may precipitate inflammation. Inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The initial stages of disease are marked by an abnormally high level of pro-inflammatory helper T cells, Th1. In later stages, Th2 helper cells may dominate while the Th1 response may dampen. The interaction among the T cells includes the regulatory T cells (Treg). The present paper develops a mathematical model by a system of differential equations with terms nonlocal in the space spanned by the concentrations of cytokines that represents the interaction among T cells through a cytokine signaling network. The model demonstrates how the abnormal levels of T cells observed in inflammatory bowel diseases can arise from abnormal regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells by Treg cells.
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11
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Tian YP, Yao L, Malla P, Song Y, Li SS. Successful treatment of giant condyloma acuminatum with combination retinoid and interferon-γ therapy. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 23:445-7. [PMID: 22807543 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2011.011331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Giant condyloma acuminatum, or Buschke-Löwenstein tumour, is a unique variant of anogenital warts. It is characterized by locally aggressive behaviour but rarely metastasizes. Many treatment strategies such as radical surgery, radiation and chemotherapy have been used to treat it but their efficacy is often poor and the recurrence rates are high. We report a case of 16-year-old girl who was treated with oral retinoid combined with intramuscular interferon-γ. All lesions cleared within three months. During a follow-up period of more than two years, no recurrence has developed. This relatively painless, non-scarring treatment may represent a novel therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Tian
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
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12
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Kim HS, Jung JI, Suh SB, Jung JA. Characteristics between IgE mediated and non-IgE mediated atopic dermatitis in children. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2013.1.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Su Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-In Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun Bok Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-A Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Mixture of Polyphenols and Anthocyanins from Vaccinium uliginosum L. Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:461989. [PMID: 23133493 PMCID: PMC3486628 DOI: 10.1155/2012/461989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinium uliginosum L. (VU) possesses various biological properties, such as antioxidant and protective effects against VU-induced skin photoaging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of oral administration of a mixture of polyphenols and anthocyanins derived from VU on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene- (DNCB-) induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in NC/Nga mice. We assessed anti-AD effects in NC/Nga murine model for a period of 9 weeks. Oral administration of the mixture significantly alleviated the AD-like skin symptoms and clinical signs including ear thickness and scratching behaviors. Orally administrated mixture reduced the level of IgE and IgG1, whereas it increased the level of IgG2a in a dose-dependent manner. The calculated IgG1/IgG2a ratio for each mouse revealed that the mixture derived from VU also significantly reduced the Th2/Th1 ratio, IL-4 and IL-13 (as Th2 cytokines), IFN-γ, and IL-12 (as a Th1 cytokine) in spleens. In addition, it significantly decreased gene expression, such as IL-4, IL-5, CCR3, eotaxin-1, IL- 12, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and IL-17, in AD-like lesions and suppressed Th17. Histological analyses revealed that the epidermis thickness and number of inflammatory cells were significantly reduced. In conclusion, oral administration of the mixture in the DNCB-induced AD is confirmed to improve AD disease in mice.
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Topical Application of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Attenuates the Development of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions by Suppressing Serum IgE Levels, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in Nc/Nga Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:821967. [PMID: 22454686 PMCID: PMC3291039 DOI: 10.1155/2012/821967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum L. (CIL) is widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent in Asia and our preliminary study revealed that CIL reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line. We investigated the atopic dermatitis (AD) effect of topically applied CIL in mice with AD-like symptoms. After topical application of 1,3-butylen glycol (control), CIL-Low (5%), CIL-High (30%), or 0.1% hydrocortisone (HC) on the AD-like skin lesions in DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice for 5 weeks, the ear thickness, mast cell infiltration, and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG1, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ were measured. The gene expressions of IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the dorsal skin were assayed. CIL treatment dosedependently reduced severity of clinical symptoms of dorsal skin, ear thickness, and the number of mast cells and eosinophils. CIL-High significantly decreased serum IgE, IgG1, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels and reduced mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 in dorsal skin lesion. The improvement by CIL-High was similar to HC, but without its adverse effects such as skin atrophy maceration, and secondary infection. In conclusion, CIL may be an effective alternative substance for the management of AD.
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15
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Inhibition of nuclear delivery of plasmid DNA and transcription by interferon γ: hurdles to be overcome for sustained gene therapy. Gene Ther 2011; 18:891-7. [PMID: 21451577 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sustained expression of murine interferon (IFN)-γ (Muγ) was found to be effective in preventing tumor metastasis and atopic dermatitis in mouse models. However, our preliminary experiments suggested that the time-dependent decrease in the Muγ expression was not compensated for by repeated injections of Muγ-expressing plasmid. To identify the mechanism underlying this observation, a reporter plasmid was hydrodynamically injected into mice and the levels of the plasmid, mRNA and reporter protein were measured in mice receiving a pre- or co-administration of Muγ-expressing plasmid. Co-injection of Muγ-expressing plasmid had no significant effects on transgene expression from the reporter plasmid. In contrast, pre-injection of Muγ-expressing plasmid greatly inhibited the expression of the reporter protein. Moreover, pre-injection of Muγ-expressing plasmid also reduced the amount of the reporter plasmid in the nuclear fraction of mouse liver to < 10%, and that of reporter mRNA to < 1%. The degree of reduction in the expression of reporter protein was comparable with the reduction in mRNA. These results indicate that the difficulty in regaining the expression level of IFN-γ is due to the impaired delivery of plasmid to the nucleus and to the suppression of transcription from the plasmid.
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NISHIKAWA M, TAKAHASHI Y, TAKAKURA Y. Optimization of Gene Therapy Effect by Spaciotemporal Control of Expressed Proteins. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:1505-11. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makiya NISHIKAWA
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki TAKAHASHI
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshinobu TAKAKURA
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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17
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Hattori K, Nishikawa M, Watcharanurak K, Ikoma A, Kabashima K, Toyota H, Takahashi Y, Takahashi R, Watanabe Y, Takakura Y. Sustained exogenous expression of therapeutic levels of IFN-gamma ameliorates atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice via Th1 polarization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2729-35. [PMID: 20107184 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The short in vivo half-life of IFN-gamma can prevent the cytokine from inducing immunological changes that are favorable for the treatment of Th2-dominant diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. To examine whether a sustained supply of IFN-gamma is effective in regulating the balance of Th lymphocyte subpopulations, plasmid vector encoding mouse IFN-gamma, pCpG-Mugamma, or pCMV-Mugamma was injected into the tail vein of NC/Nga mice, a model for human atopic dermatitis. A single hydrodynamic injection of a CpG motif reduced pCpG-Mugamma at a dose of 0.14 microg/mouse resulted in a sustained concentration of IFN-gamma in the serum, and the concentration was maintained at >300 pg/ml over 80 d. The pCpG-Mugamma-mediated IFN-gamma gene transfer was associated with an increase in the serum concentration of IL-12, reduced production of IgE, and inhibition of mRNA expression of IL-4, -5, -10, -13, and -17 and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in the spleen. These immunological changes were not clearly observed in mice receiving two injections of 20 microg pCMV-Mugamma, a CpG-replete plasmid DNA, because of the transient nature of the expression from the vector. The mice receiving pCpG-Mugamma showed a significant reduction in the severity of skin lesions and in the intensity of their scratching behavior. Furthermore, high transepidermal water loss, epidermal thickening, and infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils, all of which were obvious in the untreated mice, were significantly inhibited. These results indicate that an extraordinary sustained IFN-gamma expression induces favorable immunological changes, leading to a Th1-dominant state in the atopic dermatitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Hattori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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Hu L, Edamatsu H, Takenaka N, Ikuta S, Kataoka T. Crucial role of phospholipase Cepsilon in induction of local skin inflammatory reactions in the elicitation stage of allergic contact hypersensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:993-1002. [PMID: 20007527 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase Cepsilon (PLCepsilon) is an effector of Ras/Rap small GTPases. We previously demonstrated that PLCepsilon plays a crucial role in development of phorbor ester-induced skin inflammation, which is intimately involved in the promotion of skin carcinogenesis. In this study, we have examined its role in local skin inflammatory reactions during development of contact hypersensitivity toward a hapten 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). PLCepsilon(+/+) and PLCepsilon(-/-) mice were sensitized with DNFB, followed by a DNFB challenge on the ears. PLCepsilon(-/-) mice exhibited substantially attenuated inflammatory reactions compared with PLCepsilon(+/+) mice as shown by suppression of ear swelling, neutrophil infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine production. In contrast, the extent and kinetics of CD4+ T cell infiltration showed no difference depending on the PLCepsilon background. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from the sensitized mice to naive mice between PLCepsilon(+/+) and PLCepsilon(-/-) backgrounds indicated that PLCepsilon exerts its function in cells other than CD4+ T cells, presumably fibroblasts or keratinocytes of the skin, to augment inflammatory reactions during the elicitation stage of contact hypersensitivity. Moreover, dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes cultured from the skin expressed proinflammatory cytokines in a PLCepsilon-dependent manner on stimulation with T cell-derived cytokines such as IL-17, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4. These results indicate that PLCepsilon plays a crucial role in induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes at the challenged sites, where infiltrated CD4+ T cells produce their intrinsic cytokines, thereby augmenting the local inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Hu
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Escandell JM, Recio MC, Giner RM, Máñez S, Cerdá-Nicolás M, Merfort I, Ríos JL. Inhibition of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity by Cucurbitacin R through the Curbing of Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cytokine Expression by Means of Nuclear Factor AT Translocation to the Nucleus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:352-63. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.159327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
The innate immune system evolved more than 2 billion years ago to first recognize pathogens then eradicate them. Several distinct defects in this ancient but rapidly responsive element of human immune defense account for the increased incidence of skin infections in atopics. These defects include abnormalities in the physical barrier of the epidermis, alterations in microbial pattern recognition receptors such as toll receptors and nucleotide binding oligomerization domains, and a diminished capacity to increase the expression of antimicrobial peptides during inflammation. Several antimicrobial peptides are affected including; cathelicidin, HBD-2, and HBD-3, which are lower in lesional skin of atopics compared with other inflammatory skin diseases, and dermcidin, which is decreased in sweat. Other defects in the immune defense barrier of atopics include a relative deficiency in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In the future, understanding the cause of these defects may allow therapeutic intervention to reduce the incidence of infection in atopic individuals and potentially decrease the severity of this disorder.
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Badea I, Taylor M, Rosenberg A, Foldvari M. Pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for improved topical treatment in localized scleroderma and systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 48:213-21. [PMID: 19022832 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SSc is a chronic progressive disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by excess synthesis and deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix components in a variety of tissues and organs. Localized scleroderma (LS) differs from SSc in that with LS only skin and occasionally subcutaneous tissues are involved. Although rarely life threatening, LS can be disfiguring and disabling and, consequently, can adversely affect quality of life. There is no known effective treatment for LS, and various options, including, as examples, corticosteroids and other immunomodulatory agents, ultraviolet radiation and vitamin D analogues, are of unproven efficacy. Clinical trials evaluating combination therapy such as corticosteroids with MTX or UVA1 exposure with psoralens have not been established as consistently effective. New immunomodulators such as tacrolimus and thalidomide are also being evaluated. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of LS has led to evaluation of new treatments that modulate profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-beta and IL-4, regulate assembly and deposition of extracellular matrix components, and restore Th1/Th2 immune balance by administering IL-12 or IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma acts by directly inhibiting collagen synthesis and by restoring immune balance. In this review, we evaluate current and future treatment options for LS and cutaneous involvement in SSc. Recent advances in therapy focus mainly on anti-fibrotic agents. Delivery of these drugs into the skin as the target tissue might be a key factor in developing more effective and safer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Takahashi Y, Kaneda H, Takasuka N, Hattori K, Nishikawa M, Watanabe Y, Takakura Y. Enhancement of antiproliferative activity of interferons by RNA interference-mediated silencing of SOCS gene expression in tumor cells. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1650-5. [PMID: 18754879 PMCID: PMC11158848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, negative regulators of interferon (IFN)-induced signaling pathways, is involved in IFN resistance of tumor cells. To improve the growth inhibitory effect of IFN-beta and IFN-gamma on a murine melanoma cell line, B16-BL6, and a murine colon carcinoma cell line, Colon26 cells, SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 gene expression in tumor cells was downregulated by transfection of plasmid DNA expressing short hairpin RNA targeting one of these genes (pshSOCS-1 and pshSOCS-3, respectively). Transfection of pshSOCS-1 significantly increased the antiproliferative effect of IFN-gamma on B16-BL6 cells. However, any other combinations of plasmids and IFN had little effect on the growth of B16-BL6 cells. In addition, transfection of pshSOCS-1 and pshSOCS-3 produced little improvement in the effect of IFN on Colon26 cells. To understand the mechanism underlining these findings, the level of SOCS gene expression was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction. Addition of IFN-gamma greatly increased the SOCS-1 mRNA expression in B16-BL6 cells. Taking into account the synergistic effect of pshSOCS-1 and IFN-gamma on the growth of B16-BL6 cells, these findings suggest that IFN-gamma-induced high SOCS-1 gene expression in B16-BL6 cells significantly interferes with the antiproliferative effect of IFN-gamma. These results indicate that silencing SOCS gene expression can be an effective strategy to enhance the antitumor effect of IFN under conditions in which the SOCS gene expression is upregulated by IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Machura E, Mazur B, Golemiec E, Pindel M, Halkiewicz F. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization in atopic dermatitis children is associated with decreased IFN-gamma production by peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 19:37-45. [PMID: 17662038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, which is associated with an increased expression of Th2 cytokines with concomitant decrease in IFN-gamma production by circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The skin of patients with AD is often colonized by Staphylococcus aureus, which may reflect in changes in immunological parameters. The aim of the study was flow cytometric measurement of some peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets expressing naive/memory marker (RA/RO) and activation marker (CD25) as well as intracellular production of IFN-gamma by peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from varied severity AD children and determine the impact of S. aureus skin colonization on cytokines profiles. There was a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IL-4 and IL-13 and decrease in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-gamma upon in vitro stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in children with AD compared to healthy ones. The absolute number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing memory marker CD45RO was elevated as compared with controls. The severity of AD was positively correlated with the percentage of lymphocyte subsets: CD45RO+, CD4+CD45RO+, and the percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ expressing CD25 as well as the number of S. aureus on the skin. In conclusion, both CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells are involved in the immunopathogenesis of AD. S. aureus skin colonization is related with disease severity and changes in expression of CD45RO and CD25 on T cells. A decrease in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-gamma in AD children may explain propensity for skin infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Machura
- Chair and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Allergology and Developmental Disorders, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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Bas E, Recio MC, Máñez S, Giner RM, Escandell JM, López-Ginés C, Ríos JL. New insight into the inhibition of the inflammatory response to experimental delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice by scropolioside A. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 555:199-210. [PMID: 17113578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scropolioside A, an iridoid isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, showed anti-inflammatory properties against different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. This iridoid reduced the oedema induced by oxazolone by 79% (72 h) at 0.5 mg/ear while reducing that induced by sheep red blood cells by 47% (18 h), 45% (24 h) and 36% (48 h) at 10 mg/kg. In vivo it reduced both oedema formation and cell infiltration whereas in vitro it reduced the proliferation of activated T-lymphocytes (IC50 of 67.74 microM). Treatment with scropolioside A (100 microM) 18 and 24 h after phytohemagglutinin stimulation increased the number of cells arrested in the subG(0) phase whereas treatment 3 h after stimulation clearly increased the number of cells that passed to the S phase. Scropolioside A also inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, but had no effect on the production of interleukin-10. Moreover, it modified the expression of both nitric oxide synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Bas
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
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Christiansen J, Färm G, Eid-Forest R, Anderson C, Cederbrant K, Hultman P. Interferon-γ secreted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a possible diagnostic marker for allergic contact dermatitis to gold. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 55:101-12. [PMID: 16930235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
10% of patch-tested patients have a positive reaction to gold. Most lack clinical symptoms, but allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to gold is increasing. In this study, 77 dermatological outpatients were divided into 3 groups depending on epicutaneous patch test outcomes: a group positive to gold (EPI+), a group negative to gold (EPI-), and a group with irritant reactions to gold (EPI-IR). Lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with gold sodium thiosulfate. Proliferation was assessed using the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), and cytokine secretion was assessed using a multibead array (Luminex; Linco Research Inc., St. Charles, MO, USA), in order to evaluate whether an in vitro method with high diagnostic accuracy could be devised. The EPI+ group showed a significantly increased secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-13 and also showed a significantly higher stimulation indexes for LTT, compared to the other 2 subject groups. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for all methods individually and combined, but IFN-gamma assessment alone was the most accurate method for identifying ACD to gold, with sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% and 82.1%, respectively. This method also identified 87.5% of the EPI-IR subjects as non-allergic. Therefore, assessment of secretion of IFN-gamma should be a valuable complement to patch test for diagnosing gold allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Christiansen
- Molecular and Immunological Pathology, IMK, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
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Banning U, Krutmann J, Körholz D. The role of IL-4 and IL-12 in the regulation of collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. Immunol Invest 2006; 35:199-207. [PMID: 16698677 DOI: 10.1080/08820130600616714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic sclerodermifomic graft versus host disease is a rare but important complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that especially occurs in patients who are treated with donor lymphocyte infusions for relapse of a malignant disease. Today most knowledge about the pathogenesis of chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease is based on mice models. In this report we describe the development of an allogeneic in vitro model that allows studying the pathogenesis of chronic sclerodermifomic Graft-versus-Host Disease in the human setting. We report that priming of mononuclear cells in the presence of allogeneic fibroblasts and Interleukin (IL)-4 induces fibroblast collagen synthesis, whereas priming in the presence of IL-12 suppresses collagen synthesis during subsequent coculture of primed mononuclear cells with allogeneic fibroblasts. Since IL-12 is also known to mediate anti-tumor effects by stimulation of Natural Killer cell and Lymphokine Activated Killer cell activity, these findings indicate that treatment of patients with IL-12 or pretreatment of donor lymphocytes with IL-12 might strengthen a graft versus leukemia effect and at the same time decrease the risk of chronic sclerodermifomic Graft-versus-Host Disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Banning
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Hemostaseology, Clinic for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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Martin-García RF, Busquets AC. Postsurgical Use of Imiquimod 5% Cream in the Prevention of Earlobe Keloid Recurrences: Results of an Open-Label, Pilot Study. Dermatol Surg 2006; 31:1394-8. [PMID: 16416606 DOI: 10.2310/6350.2005.31203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional surgical modalities for the management of earlobe keloids are often associated with high recurrence rates. A recent report suggests that imiquimod 5% cream can be effective in the prevention of keloid recurrences after surgical excision. OBJECTIVES To establish the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the prevention of recurrences of excised earlobe keloids. METHODS Patients who attended a dermatologic surgery clinic for the treatment of earlobe keloids were recruited into the study. Earlobe keloids underwent parallel shave excision. Imiquimod 5% cream was applied daily for 8 weeks followed by an observation period of 16 weeks. In patients who presented with bilateral earlobe keloids, paired comparisons of imiquimod versus intralesional steroid injections were performed. RESULTS Eight earlobes were treated with imiquimod 5% cream after parallel keloid removal. Twenty-four weeks after surgery, six (75%) remained recurrence free. Four patients underwent bilateral paired comparisons. At the end of the observation period, two patients (50%) remained recurrence free in the imiquimod-treated areas while experiencing recurrences in the intralesional steroid-treated areas. Local irritation secondary to imiquimod application required rest periods in three cases. In all cases, patients were able to resume therapy and completed the study without further complications. CONCLUSION Although small and uncontrolled, the results of this open-label, pilot study suggest that imiquimod 5% cream may prove to be a reasonably effective adjuvant therapeutic alternative for the prevention of recurrences in excised earlobe keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael F Martin-García
- Department of Dermatology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Blanche Saunders Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610-0126, USA.
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Abstract
Alpha interferon causes frequent and multiple cutaneous side effects that affect both the skin and mucous membranes. Patients receiving this treatment must be informed of the principal adverse reactions (dryness and hair loss or discoloration) and must receive care for them if the underlying treatment is to remain acceptable. Alpha interferon may induce, reveal, or worsen some dermatoses and related inflammatory disorders (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Descamps
- Service de dermatologie, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, 46, rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris.
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Postsurgical Use of Imiquimod 5% Cream in the Prevention of Earlobe Keloid Recurrences. Dermatol Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/00042728-200511000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dunstan JA, Prescott SL. Does fish oil supplementation in pregnancy reduce the risk of allergic disease in infants? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 5:215-21. [PMID: 15864078 DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000168784.74582.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Parallel increases in many inflammatory diseases over the last 40 years suggest that common environmental changes are promoting inflammatory immune responses and/or inhibiting the processes that normally keep these in check. One key change during this period has been declining intakes of anti-inflammatory dietary factors, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). As allergic diseases often first manifest in early infancy, prevention strategies need to be targeted early, even in utero. This review will examine recent evidence for the use of fish oil during this early period as a primary prevention strategy for allergic disease. RECENT FINDINGS N-3 PUFA have well documented anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and have also been demonstrated to have health benefits in a range of chronic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, supporting their role in modulating inflammation in vivo. Although the effects of fish oil supplementation in established allergic disease are less convincing, there is accumulating evidence that dietary n-3 PUFA may have greater effects before allergic responses are established. SUMMARY Supplementation of the maternal diet in pregnancy with n-3 PUFA may provide a non-invasive intervention with significant potential to prevent the development of allergic and possibly other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Dunstan
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
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Bläsing H, Hendrix S, Paus R. Pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulate the skin immunoreactivity for NGF, NT-3, NT-4 and their receptor, p75NTR in vivo: a preliminary report. Arch Dermatol Res 2005; 296:580-4. [PMID: 15875206 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-005-0563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin and hair follicles are both source and target of various cytokines and neurotrophins (NTs). While several pro-inflammatory cytokines are recognized to alter the expression of NTs and their receptors (NTRs), for example, on brain cells and fibroblasts in vitro, it is unknown whether this also occurs in normal mammalian skin in vivo. As a first step toward exploring this, we studied in murine back skin (C57BL/6) whether intradermally injected interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) altered the cutaneous immunoreactivity patterns of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), Trk-A, Trk-B, Trk-C and p75NTR and their receptors (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, p75NTR) on the protein level in situ. By immunohistology, IFNgamma, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha as well as a cocktail of all three cytokines increased NGF immunoreactivity (IR) in the proximal outer root sheath and hair matrix of anagen VI pelage hair follicles. The cytokine cocktail upregulated NT-3 and NT-4 IR in the epidermis, increased NT-4 IR in selected cells of the proximal outer root sheath, and also enhanced IR of p75NTR, in the follicular dermal papilla. Therefore, this pilot study provides the first preliminary indications that proinflammatory cytokines upregulate the cutaneous immunoreactivity of NGF, NT-3, NT-4 and their receptor p75NTR in vivo. This raises the question to which extent several of the recognized cutaneous effects of IFNgamma, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are mediated indirectly via modulating the expression of selected NTs and/or NTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Bläsing
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Corrigendum and Erratum. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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