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Kocaaga A, Kocaaga M. Psoriasis: An Immunogenetic Perspective. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:82-89. [PMID: 35707771 PMCID: PMC9192173 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an erythematous-squamous dermatosis with a polygenic inheritance history. Both environmental and genetic factors play a role in the etiology of the disease. Over the past two decades, numerous linkage analyzes and genome-wide association studies have been conducted to investigate the role of genetic variation in disease pathogenesis and progression. To date, >70 psoriasis susceptibility loci have been identified, including HLA-Cw6, IL12B, IL23R, and LCE3B/3C. Some genetic markers are used in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and personalized new drug development that can further explain the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This review summarizes the immunological mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and recent advances in susceptibility genes and highlights new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Kocaaga
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kocaaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
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2
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Bryan ER, Barrero RA, Cheung E, Tickner JAD, Trim LK, Richard D, McLaughlin EA, Beagley KW, Carey AJ. DNA damage contributes to transcriptional and immunological dysregulation of testicular cells during Chlamydia infection. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13400. [PMID: 33565167 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted bacterial infection, with 127 million notifications worldwide each year. Both males and females are susceptible to the pathological impacts on fertility that Chlamydia infections can induce. However, male chlamydial infections, particularly within the upper reproductive tract, including the testis, are not well characterized. In this study, using mouse testicular cell lines, we examined the impact of infection on testicular cell lineage transcriptomes and potential mechanisms for this impact. The somatic cell lineages exhibited significantly fragmented genomes during infection. Likely resulting from this, each of the Leydig, Sertoli and germ cell lineages experienced extensive transcriptional dysregulation, leading to significant changes in cellular biological pathways, including interferon and germ-Sertoli cell signalling. The cell lineages, as well as isolated spermatozoa from infected mice, also contained globally hypomethylated DNA. Cumulatively, the DNA damage and epigenetic-mediated transcriptional dysregulation observed within testicular cells during chlamydial infection could result in the production of spermatozoa with abnormal epigenomes, resulting in previously observed subfertility in infected animals and congenital defects in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Bryan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Roberto A Barrero
- eResearch Office and Division of Research & Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, Australia
| | - Eddie Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacob A D Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics and Precision Health Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Logan K Trim
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Derek Richard
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics and Precision Health Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Alison J Carey
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Wiśniewski A, Matusiak Ł, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Nowak I, Kuśnierczyk P. HLA-C*06:02-independent, gender-related association of PSORS1C3 and PSORS1C1/CDSN single-nucleotide polymorphisms with risk and severity of psoriasis. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:957-966. [PMID: 29589160 PMCID: PMC6061044 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is a common, chronic skin disease with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. We investigated, in 461 psoriatic patients and 454 healthy controls, the associations with psoriasis of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the psoriasis susceptibility 1 (PSORS1) interval: rs1062470 (PSORS1C1/CDSN), rs887466 (PSORS1C3), rs2894207 and rs10484554 (LOC105375015). The minor alleles of three SNPs (rs1062470A, rs2894207C and rs10484554T) strongly increased the disease risk (OR = 2.17, p < 0.0001; OR = 2.33, p < 0.0001 and OR = 2.68, p < 0.0001, respectively), whereas the minor A allele of rs887466 exerted a protective effect (OR = 0.73, p = 0.001). The strength of association for SNPs was the highest in patients with very early onset psoriasis (≤ 20 years), while in late onset psoriasis (> 40 years) the association was the weakest. The haplotype rs1062470A/rs887466G/rs2894207C/rs10484554T highly significantly increased the disease risk (OR = 3.58, p = 8.0e-027), while the haplotypes rs1062470G/rs887466A/rs2894207T/rs10484554C and rs1062470G/rs887466G/rs2894207T/rs10484554C were strongly protective (OR = 0.65, p = 0.002 and OR = 0.55, p = 2.4e-009, respectively). Additionally, we showed a HLA-C*06:02-independent gender-related effect of the rs887466A allele which was protective against psoriasis in males (OR = 0.61, p = 9.2e-005), but not in females (p = 0.66). We also demonstrated a correlation of PASI score value with rs1062470 genotype, and again only in male patients (p = 0.006) and HLA-C*06:02-independent. Our results show, for the first time, the male-only associations of the PSORS1C3 gene with psoriasis risk and of the PSORS1C1/CDSN gene with severity of disease. However, the age dependent associations need to be validated in larger sample sizes as well as in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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MINEEVA AA, KOZHUSHNAYA OS, VOLNUKHIN VA, FRIGO NV, ZNAMENSKAYA LF, KUBANOV AA, MELEKHINA LE. Study of the genetic factors predisposing to the development of psoriasis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2012. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background papers on psoriasis epidemiology, pathogenesis and genetics are presented. Special attention is given to genetic factors of the aptitude to psoriasis development. Were analysed researches, dedicated to the genome-wide screening of associations of polymorphic genetic locus with psoriasis development. Obtained results allow to reveal pathogenic psoriasis mechanisms, to forecast the character of the clinical course of the disease, as well as the efficiency of therapy and forecast the risk of psoriasis origination at patient’s relatives.
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Telem DF, Israeli S, Sarig O, Sprecher E. Inflammatory peeling skin syndrome caused a novel mutation in CDSN. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 304:251-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pincelli C, Pignatti M, Borroni RG. Pharmacogenomics in dermatology: from susceptibility genes to personalized therapy. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:337-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Shiina T, Hosomichi K, Inoko H, Kulski JK. The HLA genomic loci map: expression, interaction, diversity and disease. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:15-39. [PMID: 19158813 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2008.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) super-locus is a genomic region in the chromosomal position 6p21 that encodes the six classical transplantation HLA genes and at least 132 protein coding genes that have important roles in the regulation of the immune system as well as some other fundamental molecular and cellular processes. This small segment of the human genome has been associated with more than 100 different diseases, including common diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma and various other autoimmune disorders. The first complete and continuous HLA 3.6 Mb genomic sequence was reported in 1999 with the annotation of 224 gene loci, including coding and non-coding genes that were reviewed extensively in 2004. In this review, we present (1) an updated list of all the HLA gene symbols, gene names, expression status, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) numbers, including new genes, and latest changes to gene names and symbols, (2) a regional analysis of the extended class I, class I, class III, class II and extended class II subregions, (3) a summary of the interspersed repeats (retrotransposons and transposons), (4) examples of the sequence diversity between different HLA haplotypes, (5) intra- and extra-HLA gene interactions and (6) some of the HLA gene expression profiles and HLA genes associated with autoimmune and infectious diseases. Overall, the degrees and types of HLA super-locus coordinated gene expression profiles and gene variations have yet to be fully elucidated, integrated and defined for the processes involved with normal cellular and tissue physiology, inflammatory and immune responses, and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shiina
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
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Galimova ES, Akhmetova VL, Khusnutdinova EK. Molecular genetic basis of susceptibility to psoriasis. RUSS J GENET+ 2008; 44:594-605. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795408050025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Fan X, Yang S, Huang W, Wang ZM, Sun LD, Liang YH, Gao M, Ren YQ, Zhang KY, Du WH, Shen YJ, Liu JJ, Zhang XJ. Fine mapping of the psoriasis susceptibility locus PSORS1 supports HLA-C as the susceptibility gene in the Han Chinese population. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000038. [PMID: 18369457 PMCID: PMC2265413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PSORS1 (psoriasis susceptibility gene 1) is a major susceptibility locus for psoriasis. Several fine-mapping studies have highlighted a 300-kb candidate region of PSORS1 where multiple biologically plausible candidate genes were suggested. The most recent study has indicated HLA-Cw6 as the primary PSORS1 risk allele within the candidate region in a Caucasian population. In this study, a family-based association analysis of the PSORS1 locus was performed by analyzing 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers from the PSORS1 region as well as HLA-B, HLA-C and CDSN loci in 163 Chinese families of psoriasis. Five marker loci show strong evidence (P<10(-3)), and one marker locus shows weak evidence (P = 0.04) for association. The haplotype cluster analysis showed that all the risk haplotypes are Cw6 positive and share a 369-kb region of homologous marker alleles which carries all the risk alleles, including HLA-Cw6 and CDSN*TTC, identified in this study. The recombinant haplotype analysis of the HLA-Cw6 and CDSN*TTC alleles in 228 Chinese families showed that the HLA-Cw6(-)/CDSN*TTC(+) recombinant haplotype is clearly not associated with risk for psoriasis (TratioNT = 29:57, p = 0.0025) in a Chinese population, suggesting that the CDSN*TTC allele itself does not confer risk without the presence of the HLA-Cw6 allele. The further exclusion analysis of the non-risk HLA-Cw6(-)/CDSN*TTC(+) recombinant haplotypes with common recombination breakpoints has allowed us to refine the location of PSORS1 to a small candidate region. Finally, we performed a conditional linkage analysis and showed that the HLA-Cw6 is a major risk allele but does not explain the full linkage evidence of the PSORS1 locus in a Chinese population. By performing a series of family-based association analyses of haplotypes as well as an exclusion analysis of recombinant haplotypes, we were able to refine the PSORS1 gene to a small critical region where HLA-C is a strong candidate to be the PSORS1 susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang-Dan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Hua Liang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue-Qing Ren
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai-Yue Zhang
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Du
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Jun Shen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (J-JL); (X-JZ)
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail: (J-JL); (X-JZ)
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Abstract
Besides the infiltrate of immune cells in psoriatic lesions, the principal characteristic changes in the skin are changes of the epidermal architecture and alterations of keratinocyte differentiation, which are distinct from other inflammatory skin diseases clinically and histologically. Several lines of evidence suggest that 3 of the 9 psoriasis susceptibility loci identified today might play a role in the keratinocyte differentiation program. Therefore, besides the dysregulation of the immune system, intrinsic epidermal components are also likely to play a role in triggering and/or sustaining the disease process and contribute to the chronicity of psoriasis and its frequent relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Chang YT, Chou CT, Shiao YM, Lin MW, Yu CW, Chen CC, Huang CH, Lee DD, Liu HN, Wang WJ, Tsai SF. Psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese individuals is associated withPSORS1C3andCDSNgenes. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:663-9. [PMID: 16965413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the HLA-Cw*0602 allele, the psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 3 (PSORS1C3) and corneodesmosin (CDSN) genes are two probable psoriasis susceptibility genes in the PSORS1 locus. The -79C, -26C and +246A alleles of the PSORS1C3 gene, the CDSN*971T allele, CDSN*TTC (619T-1236T-1243C) and CDSN*5 (619T-1240G-1243C) are strongly associated with psoriasis in the caucasian population. Until now, no haplotype study of the PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes has been documented in Chinese patients with psoriasis vulgaris. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether genetic polymorphisms of the PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes were associated with an increased risk of psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese patients in Taiwan. METHODS We investigated the PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes for disease association by direct sequencing in 178 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 203 control subjects. Genotyping for HLA-Cw*0602, alpha-helix coiled-coil rod homologue (HCR) gene and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) n.9 was also carried out using a sequence-based typing method. RESULTS The PSORS1C3*582A allele, an SNP in the 3'-untranslated region of the PSORS1C3 gene, was a major psoriasis vulgaris susceptibility allele in the Chinese population, and the association was much stronger in patients with early-onset psoriasis vulgaris (22.3% vs. 6.9%, odds ratio = 3.87, P(c) =0.0000072). The frequencies of CDSN*TTC and CDSN*971T were also significantly increased in patients with early-onset psoriasis vulgaris. Moreover, PSORS1C3*582A, SNP n.9*C, Cw*0602 and HCR*WWCC were in near complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other; in contrast, the LD with the CDSN gene was not so strong. SNP n.9*C-Cw*0602-PSORS1C3*582A-HCR*WWCC was a major susceptibility haplotype in patients with early-onset psoriasis vulgaris (P < 10(-7)) and this risk haplotype also carried CDSN*TTC and CDSN*971T. CONCLUSIONS The PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes are important psoriasis susceptibility genes in Chinese patients with psoriasis vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Chang
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Nair RP, Stuart PE, Nistor I, Hiremagalore R, Chia NVC, Jenisch S, Weichenthal M, Abecasis GR, Lim HW, Christophers E, Voorhees JJ, Elder JT. Sequence and haplotype analysis supports HLA-C as the psoriasis susceptibility 1 gene. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:827-851. [PMID: 16642438 PMCID: PMC1474031 DOI: 10.1086/503821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have narrowed the interval containing PSORS1, the psoriasis-susceptibility locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), to an approximately 300-kb region containing HLA-C and at least 10 other genes. In an effort to identify the PSORS1 gene, we cloned and completely sequenced this region from both chromosomes of five individuals. Two of the sequenced haplotypes were associated with psoriasis (risk), and the other eight were clearly unassociated (nonrisk). Comparison of sequence of the two risk haplotypes identified a 298-kb region of homology, extending from just telomeric of HLA-B to the HCG22 gene, which was flanked by clearly nonhomologous regions. Similar haplotypes cloned from unrelated individuals had nearly identical sequence. Combinatorial analysis of exonic variations in the known genes of the candidate interval revealed that HCG27, PSORS1C3, OTF3, TCF19, HCR, STG, and HCG22 bore no alleles unique to risk haplotypes among the 10 sequenced haplotypes. SPR1 and SEEK1 both had messenger RNA alleles specific to risk haplotypes, but only HLA-C and CDSN yielded protein alleles unique to risk. The risk alleles of HLA-C and CDSN (HLA-Cw6 and CDSN*TTC) were genotyped in 678 families with early-onset psoriasis; 620 of these families were also typed for 34 microsatellite markers spanning the PSORS1 interval. Recombinant haplotypes retaining HLA-Cw6 but lacking CDSN*TTC were significantly associated with psoriasis, whereas recombinants retaining CDSN*TTC but lacking HLA-Cw6 were not associated, despite good statistical power. By grouping recombinants with similar breakpoints, the most telomeric quarter of the 298-kb candidate interval could be excluded with high confidence. These results strongly suggest that HLA-Cw6 is the PSORS1 risk allele that confers susceptibility to early-onset psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Ioana Nistor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Ravi Hiremagalore
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Nicholas V C Chia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Stefan Jenisch
- Department of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Gonçalo R Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit
| | | | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Radiation Oncology (Cancer Biology), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Dermatology, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor.
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