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Lobo J, Tenace NP, Cañete-Portillo S, Carneiro I, Henrique R, Lucianò R, Harik LR, Magi-Galluzzi C. Aberrant expression of GATA3 in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate: an important pitfall. Histopathology 2024; 84:507-514. [PMID: 37965687 DOI: 10.1111/his.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The distinction of high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) from poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma (UC) can be somewhat challenging on clinical and morphological grounds alone, yet it is of great importance for prognostication and choice of treatment. GATA3 is a useful immunohistochemical marker to confirm urothelial origin. However, recent works report strong GATA3 immunoexpression in primary high-grade PCa. The aim of this study was to explore GATA3 expression specifically in metastatic PCa. METHODS AND RESULTS The pathology databases of four tertiary institutions were queried for cases of metastatic PCa. Available slides and clinical records were reviewed by experienced genitourinary pathologists. Prostatic markers (PSA, PSAP, NKX3.1) and GATA3 immunohistochemistry were performed. A total of 163 metastatic PCa cases were included. At least one prostate marker was positive in each case of non-regional distant metastasis, confirming prostatic origin. GATA3 strong staining was found in four (2.5%) cases: two liver, one bone and one non-regional lymph-node metastases. All four patients had Grade Group 5 PCa at the initial diagnosis. The metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas were solid, either with no gland formation (n = 3) or with only focal cribriforming (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring GATA3 expression specifically in metastatic PCa. Despite being infrequent, GATA3 positivity in high-grade PCa may lead to misdiagnosis, with clinical implications. We recommend a panel of immunohistochemical markers, both prostatic and urothelial, for ruling out UC, either in primary tumour samples or in the event of metastases of unknown primary, when a genitourinary origin is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nazario P Tenace
- Department of Pathology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Isa Carneiro
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberta Lucianò
- Department of Pathology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara R Harik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cristina Magi-Galluzzi
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Orlov AV, Burenin AG, Skirda AM, Nikitin PI. Kinetic Analysis of Prostate-Specific Antigen Interaction with Monoclonal Antibodies for Development of a Magnetic Immunoassay Based on Nontransparent Fiber Structures. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228077. [PMID: 36432177 PMCID: PMC9693269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide. Measuring the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is regarded as essential during prostate cancer screening. Early diagnosis of this disease relapse after radical prostatectomy requires extremely sensitive methods. This research presents an approach to development of an ultrasensitive magnetic sandwich immunoassay, which demonstrates the limit of PSA detection in human serum of 19 pg/mL at a dynamic range exceeding 3.5 orders of concentration. Such attractive performance stems, inter alia, from the kinetic analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against free PSA to select the mAbs exhibiting best kinetic characteristics and specificity. The analysis is carried out with a label-free multiplex spectral-correlation interferometry compatible with inexpensive single-use glass sensor chips. The high sensitivity of developed PSA immunoassay is due to electronic quantification of magnetic nanolabels functionalized by the selected mAbs and three-dimension porous filters used as an extended solid phase. The assay is promising for PSA monitoring after radical prostatectomy. The proposed versatile approach can be applied for the rational design of highly sensitive tests for detection of other analytes in many fields, including in vitro diagnostics, veterinary, food safety, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Orlov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.O.); (P.I.N.)
| | - Alexandr G. Burenin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemiy M. Skirda
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr I. Nikitin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.O.); (P.I.N.)
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Hormonal Environment and HER2 Status in Extra-Mammary Paget's Disease (eMPD): A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis with Clinical Considerations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121040. [PMID: 33287150 PMCID: PMC7761697 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Extra-mammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare neoplasm of epithelial origin, whose precise incidence is not clear. Starting from what is already known, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate in male and female patients the immunohistochemical expression of biological markers that could serve as potential prognostic/therapeutic factors, including only human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and Androgen Receptor (AR). Methods. A literature search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for English-language studies published from January 2000 to June 2020. Results. A total of 27 studies with 713 patients assessed the role of HER2/neu, AR, ER, and PR expression in male and female with EMPD. The overall rate of HER2/neu expression was 30%, the expression’s rate for ER and AR was 13% and 40%, respectively, and the overall rate for PR was 8%. The subgroup analysis revealed that there is a different expression of molecular markers between male and female patients. Conclusions. This study revealed that AR status and HER2/neu overexpression/amplification have been shown as two fundamental pathogenetic pathways in both female and male patients affected by EMPD.
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Compton LA, Murphy GF, Lian CG. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry in Cutaneous Neoplasia: An Update. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2015; 2:15-42. [PMID: 27047932 PMCID: PMC4816435 DOI: 10.1159/000377698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of neoplastic skin diseases. In addition to the many established IHC markers currently in use, new markers continue to emerge, although their general acceptance and routine application requires robust validation. Here, we summarize the most well-established and commonly used biomarkers along with an array of newer ones reported in the past several decades that either demonstrate or hold high clinical promise in the field of cutaneous pathology. We also highlight recent applications of novel IHC markers in melanoma diagnosis including genetic mutation status markers [e.g. BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)] and an epigenetic alteration marker (e.g. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). We specifically focus on the role of IHC in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions that fall under the following categories: melanoma, epidermal tumors with an intraepidermal epitheliomatous pattern, spindle cell lesions of the dermis, small round blue cell tumors of the dermis, and cutaneous adnexal tumors. While IHC is a valuable tool in diagnostic dermatopathology, marker selection and interpretation must be highly informed by clinical context and the histologic differential diagnosis. With rapid progress in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis, new IHC markers will continue to emerge in the field of diagnostic dermatopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Compton
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
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