1
|
Kawabata C, Nagasawa T, Ono M, Tarumoto N, Katoh N, Hotta Y, Kawano H, Igarashi K, Shiokawa K, Nishimura K. Plasma acrolein level in rheumatoid arthritis increases independently of the disease characteristics. Mod Rheumatol 2020; 31:357-364. [PMID: 32463710 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1775921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify whether plasma acrolein level actually increases in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to elucidate whether any relationship exists between the levels and the RA background variables. METHODS Plasma levels of protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) in 84 patients (RA group) and 298 normal individuals (Control group) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures. The data were statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon rank-sum test, multiple logistic regression analyses and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The RA group showed significantly higher PC-Acro levels than the Control group (median [interquartile range]: 80.5 [63.2-105.2] and 65.9 [58.9-78.1] nmol/ml, respectively). Of background factors giving influence to PC-Acro level in the combination of the two groups, 'diagnosis of RA positive' indicated strong correlation to high PC-Acro level (odds ratio: 2.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-5.71). These increases of PC-Acro in the RA patients did not correlate to their disease duration and/or inflammatory variables: PC-Acro level could elevate even in early RA patients showing negative inflammatory findings. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of PC-Acro increased with RA, but the levels did not correlate with RA background variables. This report provides the basis for further studies of early diagnosis of RA as well as its pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kawabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toru Nagasawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagayoshi Tarumoto
- Department of Judo Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narutaka Katoh
- Department of Traumatology, Fukushima Medical University/Trauma & Reconstruction Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital., Fukushima, Japan.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aisei Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Hotta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kawano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiokawa
- Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keita Nishimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee YR, Lew BL, Sim WY, Lee J, Hong J, Chung BC. Altered polyamine profiling in the hair of patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata. J Dermatol 2019; 46:985-992. [PMID: 31464015 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicles are among the most highly proliferative tissues. Polyamines are associated with proliferation, and several polyamines including spermidine and spermine play anti-inflammatory roles. Androgenic alopecia results from increased dihydrotestosterone metabolism, and alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease. This study aimed to investigate differences in polyamine profiles in hair samples between patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata. Polyamine concentrations were determined through high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hair samples were derivatized with isobutyl chloroformate. Differences in polyamine levels were observed between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata compared with normal controls. In particular, polyamine levels were higher in alopecia areata patients than in normal controls. Certain polyamines displayed different concentrations between the androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata groups, suggesting that some polyamines, particularly N-acetyl putrescine (P = 0.007) and N-acetyl cadaverine (P = 0.0021), are significantly different in androgenic alopecia. Furthermore, spermidine (P = 0.021) was significantly different in alopecia areata. Our findings suggest that non-invasive quantification of hair polyamines may help distinguish between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata. Our study provides novel insights into physiological alterations in patients with androgenic alopecia and those with alopecia areata and reveals some differences in polyamine levels in hair loss diseases with two different modes of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bark Lynn Lew
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Young Sim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Genetics and environmental factors have important roles in autoimmune diseases but neither has given us sufficient understanding of these mysterious diseases. Therefore, we are now looking closer at epigenetics, an interface between genetics and environmental factors. Epigenetics can be defined as reversible heritable changes to chromatin that can alter gene expression without altering the gene's DNA sequence. Methylation of DNA and histones are primary means of epigenetic control. By adding methyl groups to DNA and histones, it can limit accessibility of the underlying gene thereby altering the amount of gene expression. The methyl group is derived from an essential molecule in the cell, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). However, a group of small molecules called polyamines also require SAM for their synthesis. Polyamines are essential for many cellular functions and polyamine activity is increased in many autoimmune diseases. Presented here is the "polyamine hypothesis" in which increased polyamine synthesis competes with cellular methylation (epigenetic control) for SAM. It is proposed that increased polyamine activity can cause disruption of cellular methylation, which can lead to abnormal expression of previously sequestered genes and disruption of other methylation-dependent cellular processes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Strolin Benedetti M. FAD-dependent enzymes involved in the metabolic oxidation of xenobiotics. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2010; 69:45-52. [PMID: 21296217 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the majority of oxidative metabolic reactions are mediated by the CYP superfamily of enzymes, non-CYP-mediated oxidative reactions can play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Among the major oxidative enzymes, other than CYPs, involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics, the flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), the molybdenum hydroxylases [aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthine oxidase (XO)] and the FAD-dependent amine oxidases [monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and polyamine oxidases (PAOs)] are discussed in this minireview. In a similar manner to CYPs, these oxidative enzymes can also produce therapeutically active metabolites and reactive/toxic metabolites, modulate the efficacy of therapeutically active drugs or contribute to detoxification. Many of them have been shown to be important in endobiotic metabolism (e.g. XO, MAOs), and, consequently, interactions between drugs and endogenous compounds might occur when they are involved in drug metabolism. In general, most non-CYP oxidative enzymes (e.g. FMOs, MAOs) appear to be noninducible or much less inducible than the CYP system. Some of these oxidative enzymes exhibit polymorphic expression, as do some CYPs (e.g. FMO3). It is possible that the contribution of non-CYP oxidative enzymes to the overall metabolism of xenobiotics is underestimated, as most investigations of drug metabolism have been performed using experimental conditions optimised for CYP activity, although in some cases the involvement of non-CYP oxidative enzymes in xenobiotic metabolism has been inferred from not sufficient experimental evidence.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mechanism of action of the disease-modifying anti-arthritic thiol agents d-penicillamine and sodium aurothiomalate: Restoration of cellular free thiols and sequestration of reactive aldehydes. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 580:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
6
|
Bjelaković G, Stojanović I, Jevtović-Stoimenov T, Kostić G, Sokolović D, Ilić M, Bjelaković L. Polyamine oxidase activity in peripheral blood of newborn infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: is bilirubin an antioxidant? J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 19:103-18. [PMID: 19024928 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2008.19.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia can be physiological and pathological and most frequently is a consequence of faster erythrocytes (RBC) hemolysis. Free unconjugated bilirubin is a highly toxic compound, especially for the central nervous system. The most abundant polyamines circulating in blood are spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Sp), which are mainly localized in RBC, where they control membrane permeability. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) exerts an important activity in the plasma and erythrocytes of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia, catalyzing the oxidative deamination of Sp and Spd, producing potentially toxic agents that induce apoptosis of mammalian cells. The present study investigated polyamine metabolism by measuring PAO activity in the blood of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia and explored the possible antioxidant function of bilirubin through monitoring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. METHODS The study included 43 newborns, 10 in the control and 33 in the diseased group. Blood PAO activity and bilirubin and MDA levels were measured using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Our results indicate that bilirubin, at physiologic concentrations, protects neonatal erythrocytes against oxidative stress. The positive correlation between PAO activity and MDA levels with high bilirubin concentrations (> 200 micromol/L) in newborn infants indicates that in pathological conditions, bilirubin cannot exert its antioxidant function. CONCLUSION Investigating the function of polyamines in erythrocytes and the importance of PAO related to hemolysis and bilirubin synthesis is necessary to shed light on the functions of PAO and its metabolites on the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gutiérrez-Peña EJ, Büttner DW, Müller S. Onchocerca volvulus: immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopical distribution of a polyamine oxidizing enzyme. Trop Med Int Health 1997; 2:472-81. [PMID: 9217703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.1997.tb00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the distribution of a polyamine oxidizing enzyme (PAO) in Onchocerca volvulus and other nematode parasites by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy with immunogold technique using a polyclonal antiserum raised against purified PAO from Ascaris suum. In adult O. volvulus the protein was localized in the outer zone and the area of the basal labyrinth of the hypodermis and occasionally in the outer zone of the uterine epithelium. Further, the fluid in the body cavity was strongly stained. No specific labelling was observed in the cuticle, muscles, epithelia of intestine, ovaries, testis and vas deferens or in sperm, oocytes and embryos. Third-stage larvae of O. volvulus in Simulium soubrense showed strong staining; the same was observed in Anisakis sp. larvae, where the inner and outer zone of the hypodermis were strongly labelled. All mature, intact and dead microfilariae in nodules, skin and lymph nodes were well stained and it was possible to show that the cytoplasm of the hypodermal cells, but not the mitochondria, nuclei or other organelles of muscle cells, was preferentially labelled by immunogold particles. Investigation of adult A. suum presented specific labelling of the hypodermis, but the basal labyrinth was more strongly marked than the outer zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Gutiérrez-Peña
- Department of Helminthology, Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seiler N, Atanassov CL. The natural polyamines and the immune system. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1994; 43:87-141. [PMID: 7855252 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7156-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Seiler
- Groupe de Recherche en Thérapeutique Anticancéreuse URA CNRS 1529 DRED 1266, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flescher E, Bowlin TL, Talal N. Regulation of IL-2 production by mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 87:435-7. [PMID: 1544227 PMCID: PMC1554338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Products of polyamine oxidation down-regulate IL-2 production by peripheral blood T cells. We show here that the production of IL-2 by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid mononuclear cells is inversely correlated with the concentrations of polyamines in these cells. In addition, the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis or oxidation in cultures of these cells enhances their ability to produce IL-2. Our findings suggest that polyamine oxidation plays an important role in the suppression of T cell function characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Flescher
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7874
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quan CP, D'Azambuja S, Pillot J, Bouvet JP. Protection by human serum from the immunosuppression induced by spermine in vitro. Am J Reprod Immunol 1991; 25:153-7. [PMID: 1786083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1991.tb01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro suppressive activity of spermine to PHA-induced proliferation of human T lymphocytes is shown to be abolished by normal human serum. This protection acts within the first 4 hr of culture and is due to a protein of 67 kDa, showing an isoelectric charge of pH 4.9. This protein does not bind, or modify, spermine and does not inhibit spermine oxidase activity, an enzyme required for the in vitro suppression. Results with acrolein confirm that this eventual cleavage product is probably not involved in the spermine-induced suppression. Nevertheless, since serum also reduces acrolein-induced suppression, it is probable that both these protective mechanisms are related. Such a protection of T lymphocytes by a serum factor may play an important role by preventing diffusion, outside the genital tract area, of a potential spermine-induced immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Quan
- Unité d'Immunologie Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|