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Buckley CD, Chernajovsky L, Chernajovsky Y, Modis LK, O'Neill LA, Brown D, Connor R, Coutts D, Waterman EA, Tak PP. Immune-mediated inflammation across disease boundaries: breaking down research silos. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1344-1348. [PMID: 34675389 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorna Chernajovsky
- The Lorna and Yuti Chernajovsky Biomedical Research Foundation, Whitstable, UK
| | - Yuti Chernajovsky
- The Lorna and Yuti Chernajovsky Biomedical Research Foundation, Whitstable, UK.
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | | | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doug Brown
- British Society for Immunology, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul P Tak
- The Lorna and Yuti Chernajovsky Biomedical Research Foundation, Whitstable, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Candel Therapeutics, Needham, Massachusetts, USA
- Multimorbidity Steering Group, Strategic Priorities Fund, Swindon, UK
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2
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Autoimmune thyroid disorders and rheumatoid arthritis: A bidirectional interplay. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102529. [PMID: 32234405 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) can occur in the same patient in the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 2. The association of the two conditions has been recognized long-time ago and the prevalence of AITD in patients with RA and vice versa is well assessed. Geographical variation of AITD and related autoantibodies in RA patients is partly due to ethnic and environmental differences of the studied populations. The impacts of thyroid disorders on RA outcome and vice versa are still controversy. In both AITD and RA genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play a synergic role in the development of the diseases. In this review we aimed at investigating the association of AITD and thyroid autoantibodies with RA, the common pathogenic pathways, the correlation with RA disease activity, and influence of the treatment.
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3
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Generali E, Ceribelli A, Stazi MA, Selmi C. Lessons learned from twins in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:51-61. [PMID: 28431796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity and chronic inflammation recognize numerous shared factors and, as a result, the resulting diseases frequently coexist in the same patients or respond to the same treatments. Among the convenient truths of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, there is now agreement that these are complex conditions in which the individual genetic predisposition provides a rate of heritability. The concordance rates in monozygotic and dizygotic twins allows to estimate the weight of the environment in determining disease susceptibility, despite recent data supporting that only a minority of immune markers depend on hereditary factors. Concordance rates in monozygotic and dizygotic twins should be evaluated over an observation period to minimize the risk of false negatives and this is well represented by type I diabetes mellitus. Further, concordance rates in monozygotic twins should be compared to those in dizygotic twins, which share 50% of their genes, as in regular siblings, but also young-age environmental factors. Twin studies have been extensively performed in several autoimmune conditions and cumulatively suggest that some diseases, i.e. celiac disease and psoriasis, are highly genetically determined, while rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis have a limited role for genetics. These observations are necessary to interpret data gathered by genome-wide association studies of polymorphisms and DNA methylation in MZ twins. New high-throughput technological platforms are awaited to provide new insights into the mechanisms of disease discordance in twins beyond strong associations such as those with HLA alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Generali
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Stazi
- Italian Twin Registry, Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Tagoe CE. The transcription, translation, transport-trail and autoimmunity: Guilt by association. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:744-8. [PMID: 26519101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The autoimmune connective tissue diseases (ACTD) are a group of diseases which share clinical features and genetic inheritance. They are characterized by systemic autoimmunity and autoantibody production with a striking predilection for cellular components involved in transcription, translation and cellular transport. Although multiple triggers of autoimmunity have been proposed for this group of diseases including microbial agents such as viruses and bacteria, drugs, ultraviolet light, environmental toxins, stress, hormones and heavy metals, the prominence of autoantibodies to components of the transcription, translation, cellular transport-trail (TTTT) suggests that the agent(s) triggering the autoimmune response potentially utilize the TTTT. For the ACTD, viruses and viral agents are the likely triggers of autoimmunity as a result of aberrant viral latency with the production of autoantibodies to the components of the cellular TTTT machinery through multiple mechanisms, perhaps including molecular mimicry, bystander activation and epitope spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement E Tagoe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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5
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Day E, Kearns PK, Taylor CJ, Bradley JA. Transplantation Between Monozygotic Twins. Transplantation 2014; 98:485-9. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Lleo A, Oertelt-Prigione S, Bianchi I, Caliari L, Finelli P, Miozzo M, Lazzari R, Floreani A, Donato F, Colombo M, Gershwin ME, Podda M, Invernizzi P. Y chromosome loss in male patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2013; 41:87-91. [PMID: 23375847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosome abnormalities have been advocated to be involved in the striking female prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and women with PBC manifest an increased X chromosome loss in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to age-matched healthy women. Our knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of autoimmunity in male patients remains, however, limited. Next to the possible role of androgens and their imbalances, the Y chromosome appears as a potential candidate for influence of the immune function in men. Herein we analyzed a population of male patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 88) to define a potential association of disease and the loss of the Y chromosome. We demonstrate that Y chromosome loss indeed is higher in PBC males compared to healthy controls, and this phenomenon increases with aging. We were, thus, able to confirm the existence of an analogous mechanism in the male population to previously identified X haploinsufficiency in female patients with organ-specific autoimmune disease. We propose that this commonality might represent a relevant feature in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lleo
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy
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7
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Increased loss of the Y chromosome in peripheral blood cells in male patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. J Autoimmun 2012; 38:J193-6. [PMID: 22196921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Twins are an important resource for evaluating the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors in determining a phenotype. During the last decades, a number of twin studies have investigated the aetiology of several phenotypes related to thyroid autoimmunity. Taken together, these studies have provided valid and unbiased information regarding the influence of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The comparison of concordance rates between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic twins provides irrefutable evidence of a genetic component, and biometric twin modelling shows that approximately 75% of the total phenotypic variance in AITD is because of genetic effects. On the other hand, the lack of complete concordance in MZ twin pairs is proof of environmental and/or epigenetic factors also playing an important role. The impact of environmental triggers such as cigarette smoking, birth characteristics, infection with Yersinia enterocolitica, microchimerism and degree of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) has been evaluated by investigating AITD discordant twin pairs. These studies indicate that smoking, Y. enterocolitica infection and skewed XCI may be causally associated with clinically overt AITD, but not with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid subjects. Microchimerism, but not birth weight, might play a role in AITD. Twin studies offer several features that uniquely enhance our ability to localize genes and understand their function. Future twin studies should incorporate information on genetic, epigenetic and environmental variation thereby enhancing our ability to quantify the precise effect of specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heiberg Brix
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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9
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Does Genomic Imprinting Play a Role in Autoimmunity? EPIGENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE 2011; 711:103-16. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8216-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Brix TH, Hegedüs L, Gardas A, Banga JP, Nielsen CH. Monozygotic twin pairs discordant for Hashimoto's thyroiditis share a high proportion of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies to the immunodominant region A. Further evidence for genetic transmission of epitopic “fingerprints”. Autoimmunity 2010; 44:188-94. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2010.518575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The etiology of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), much like that of other autoimmune diseases, remains enigmatic. In the case of PBC, several candidates have been proposed, including bacteria, chemicals, and retroviruses. The support for a retroviral etiology has led to a pilot therapeutical interventional program. However, there is limited objective data which can be used to support such a thesis. Until reproducible and mechanistically sound data can be offered, we suggest that pharmaceutical trials are unrealistic and should be discouraged.
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12
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Kakoulidou M, Ahlberg R, Yi Q, Giscombe R, Pirskanen R, Lefvert AK. The autoimmune T and B cell repertoires in monozygotic twins discordant for myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 148:183-91. [PMID: 14975600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Revised: 05/14/2003] [Accepted: 09/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two pairs of monozygotic twins, discordant for myasthenia gravis (MG) for more than 30 years, were studied regarding T cell and antibody reactivity against disease related autoantigens, the acetylcholine receptor, one idiotypic and one anti-idiotypic human monoclonal antibody. The healthy and myasthenic twins had very similar autoantibody repertoires. IgG fractions from both healthy and myasthenic twins had the same capacity to decrease the free acetylcholine receptor content in mice after passive transfer. In comparison with their myasthenic sisters, the healthy twins had lower T cell responses against the acetylcholine receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/blood
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Autoimmunity/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Blood Cells/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Transformation, Viral/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- HLA-DR Antigens/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 4, Human
- Humans
- Leukocyte Common Antigens
- Longitudinal Studies
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Myasthenia Gravis/immunology
- Myasthenia Gravis/pathology
- Myasthenia Gravis/virology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Cholinergic/blood
- Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Twin Studies as Topic
- Twins, Monozygotic
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kakoulidou
- Immunological Research Laboratory, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Brix TH, Kyvik KO, Hegedüs L. What is the evidence of genetic factors in the etiology of Graves' disease? A brief review. Thyroid 1998; 8:727-34. [PMID: 9737369 DOI: 10.1089/thy.1998.8.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is generally thought of as a multifactorial disorder in which genetic susceptibility interacts with environmental and endogenous factors to cause disease. The importance of genetic factors is suggested by the clustering of GD within families and by a higher concordance rate for disease in monozygotic than dizygotic twins. This has, however, recently been shown to be less pronounced than previously thought. During the last decade, much effort has been put into characterization of the genetic background of GD. Until recently most studies have examined associations between GD and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, but recent advances in molecular techniques have opened the way for whole-genome screening. A number of HLA and non-HLA candidate genes have been proposed, but despite several large investigations within multiplex families no major susceptibility genes have been identified. This brief review discusses relevant articles published from 1940 through 1997 regarding the influence of genetic factors in the etiology of GD. Ongoing studies will focus on whole genome screening in multiplex families as well as population based twin studies. However, the possibility of GD being a heterogeneous disease without a single well-defined genotype and phenotype should be left open.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Brix
- Department of Endocrinology M, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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14
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Brix TH, Kyvik KO, Hegedüs L. What is the evidence of genetic factors in the etiology of Graves' disease? A brief review. Thyroid 1998; 8:627-34. [PMID: 9709918 DOI: 10.1089/thy.1998.8.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is generally thought of as a multifactorial disorder in which genetic susceptibility interacts with environmental and endogenous factors to cause disease. The importance of genetic factors is suggested by the clustering of GD within families and by a higher concordance rate for disease in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins. This has, however, recently been shown to be less pronounced than previously thought. During the last decade much effort has been put into characterization of the genetic background of GD. Until recently, most studies have examined associations between GD and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, but recent advances in molecular techniques have opened the way for whole genome screening. A number of HLA and non-HLA candidate genes have been proposed, but despite several large investigations within multiplex families no major susceptibility genes have been identified. This brief review discusses relevant articles published from 1940 through 1997 regarding the influence of genetic factors in the etiology of GD. Ongoing studies focus on whole genome screening in multiplex families as well as population-based twin studies. However, the possibility of GD being a heterogeneous disease without a single well-defined genotype and phenotype should be left open.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Brix
- Department of Endocrinology M, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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16
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Dugoujon JM, Cambon-Thomsen A. Immunoglobulin allotypes (GM and KM) and their interactions with HLA antigens in autoimmune diseases: a review. Autoimmunity 1995; 22:245-60. [PMID: 8781716 DOI: 10.3109/08916939508995322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
GM and KM immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes and their interactions with HLA antigens have been analyzed in various autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), systemic lupus erythematosus, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, Graves' disease, atrophic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, chronic active hepatitis, alopecia areata, uveitis, vitiligo, Turner's syndrome, glomerular nephritis, Berger's disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. This review reports published results about associations or linkages, as well as the origins of the populations, the numbers of patients and controls tested. The possible role of Ig polymorphisms in the physiopathology of autoimmune diseases is discussed. Ig allotypes and statistical methods used to analyse the HLA and Ig data are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dugoujon
- Centre d'Immunopathologie et de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR 8291, C.H.U. de Purpan, Toulouse, France
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