1
|
Sinha S, Kumar S, Singh K, Umam F, Agrawal V, Aggarwal A, Imperiali B. Immunochemical characterisation of styrene maleic acid lipid particles prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis plasma membrane. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280074. [PMID: 36608027 PMCID: PMC9821473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can be targeted for the development of therapeutic and prophylactic interventions against tuberculosis. We have utilized the unique membrane-solubilising properties of the styrene maleic acid copolymer <styrene:maleic acid::2:1> (SMA) to prepare and characterise 'styrene maleic acid lipid particles' from the native membrane of Mtb (MtM-SMALPs). When resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualised with coomassie blue, the molecular weights of Mtb membrane (MtM) proteins solubilised by SMA were mostly in the range of 40-70 kDa. When visualised by transmission electron microscopy, MtM-SMALPs appeared as nanoparticles of discrete shapes and sizes. The discoid nanoparticles exhibited a range of diameters of ~10-90 nm, with largest portion (~61%) ranging from 20-40 nm. MtM proteins of a molecular weight-range overlapping with that of MtM-SMALPs were also amenable to chemical cross-linking, revealing protein complex formation. Characterisation using monoclonal antibodies against seven MtM-associated antigens confirmed the incorporation of the inner membrane protein PRA, membrane-associated proteins PstS1, LpqH and Ag85, and the lipoglycan LAM into MtM-SMALPs. Conversely, the peripheral membrane proteins Acr and PspA were nearly completely excluded. Furthermore, although MtM showed an abundance of Con A-binding glycoproteins, MtM-SMALPs appeared devoid of these species. Immune responses of healthcare workers harbouring 'latent TB infection' provided additional insights. While MtM-SMALPs and MtM induced comparable levels of the cytokine IFN-γ, only MtM-SMALPs could induce the production of TNF-α. Antibodies present in the donor sera showed significantly higher binding to MtM than to MtM-SMALPs. These results have implications for the development of MtM-based immunoprophylaxis against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Sinha
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Shashikant Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Komal Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Fareha Umam
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinita Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li DM, Lun LD. Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mycosis and Extranodal Natural Killer or/and T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:851208. [PMID: 35783622 PMCID: PMC9248758 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.851208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type is a syndrome of middle face destruction with an association to Epstein-Barr virus. Fungi have been recovered from the diseased tissue now and then but were often seen as a lymphoma-associated secondary infection. However, there are ENKTL-NT cases with the recoveries of fungi and complete recovery with antifungal therapy, which are quite similar to rhino-orbital-cerebral mycosis (ROCM) that often confuses the physicians. Methods We searched Medline for English-language manuscripts limited to “human” and “case reports,” “letters,” “reviews,” and “clinical conferences” from 1966 to 2022. We used MeSH terms “lymphoma, extranodal nk-t-cell” [MeSH Terms] or “lethal midline granuloma” [MeSH Terms], in combination with MeSH terms “microbiology” [subheading] or “microbiology” [all fields] or “fungi” [all fields] or “fungi” [MeSH Terms] for ENKTL-NT with infections. We used MeSH terms “Mycoses” in combination with “Nose” [Mesh] OR “Orbital Diseases” [Mesh] for rhino-orbital-cerebral fungal infections. Results We appraised 149 included articles and extracted references related to ENKTL-NT and/or ROCM. Themes and subcategories were subsequently derived. Our findings revealed that ROCM and ENKTL-NT are characterized by progressive and destructive ulcers in the midline face or rhino-orbital structures. ROCM is mainly caused by fungi in the order of Mucorales, and ENKTL-NT is usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus and sometimes fungi. Radiologically, both are characterized by non-specific features of sinusitis, soft tissue infection, and necrosis. Pathologically, ROCM and ENKTL-NT share the same characteristics of inflammation, necrosis, and granuloma. ROCM is characterized by the detection of fungi in tissue, while ENKTL-NT is typically positive for NK/T-cell markers and cytotoxic granule-associated proteins, proliferation, and vascular damage of angioinvasion, which could be incited by Mucor irregularis and Rhizopus arrhizus in patients and mice. Conclusion ENKTL-NT and ROCM share many similarities in clinical presentations, radiology, and histopathology, and might have the same etiology. This may explain why the two diseases are tangled together in the reported cases, and suggests the role that the fungi may play in the development of these ENKTL-NT/ROCM diseases. The reason why ENKTL-NT and ROCM are sometimes confused is that the main pathogens of ROCM, Mucor irregularis and Rhizopus arrhizus, are the fungal causative agents of ENKTL-NT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ming Li
- Division of Dermatology and Mycological Lab, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Ming Li, ,
| | - Li De Lun
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatism, Air Force General Hospital PLA, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li DM, Lun LD, Ge J, Zhang GJ, Li XL, de Hoog GS. Case Report: Rhizopus arrhizus Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mycosis and Lethal Midline Granuloma: Another Fungal Etiological Agent. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:578684. [PMID: 34150783 PMCID: PMC8208083 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.578684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Both rhino-orbital-cerebral mycosis and lethal midline granuloma (LMG) may result in midline destruction. LMG has now been generally considered as a natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT) with an association of EBV. Fungi have been detected from the diseased tissues now and then but are often considered as lymphoma-associated infections. We previously reported an ENKTL-NT case with Mucor irregularis, which played a causal role in the disease and was involved in the overexpression of Ki67 and CD56 in the mouse experiment. The present study describes a chronic Rhizopus arrhizus infection with immunological parameters that are closely similar to LMG. We aim to explore the relationship of another Mucorales fungus, R. arrhizus, and LMG in a patient and in mice. Methods: Case study and mouse infection modules were designed for our observation. A 35-year-old man with midline face ulcers which was clinically suspected as LMG was selected. Biopsy specimens were sent for lymphoma diagnosis and microbiological detection. The isolated fungus was tested in an ICR mouse model for mycological and histological analyses. Results: Five tissue samples yielded Rhizopus arrhizus. In the pathology, characteristic inflammation, necrosis, and granulation with thin-walled hyphae are observed. Immunohistochemistry showed NK/T cell infiltration (CD3+, CD8+, TIA1+, GZMB+, PRF+, individual CD56+) with hyperplasia (Ki67+) and angioinvasion. The patient recovered completely with amphotericin B. In the murine experiment, R. arrhizus caused angioinvasion with NK/T cell infiltration (CD3+, CD56+, TIA1+, GZMB +, PRF+) with proliferation (Ki67+) and was re-isolated from the infected host. Conclusions: We here describe a mid-face destruction patient, which was diagnosed by the top pathologists in China according to the current criteria of NK/T cell lymphoma, with a negative result for EBV and positive result for R. arrhizus. With a then developed mouse experiment, the R. arrhizus in the diseased lesions was responsible for the NK/T cell infiltration (CD3+, CD8+, CD56+, TIA1+, GZMB+, PRF+), proliferation (Ki67+), and angioinvasion, suggesting another fungal etiological agent for LMG, which could be eradicated with amphotericin B. Limitations: The sample size is not sufficient for statistical analysis. However, our findings are suggestive for the role fungus plays in LMG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ming Li
- Division of Dermatology & Mycological Lab, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li De Lun
- Division of Nephrology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ge
- Division of Dermatology & Mycological Lab, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Jie Zhang
- Division of Dermatology & Mycological Lab, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lun Li
- Division of Nephrology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ocampo M, Curtidor H, Vanegas M, Patarroyo MA, Patarroyo ME. Specific interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein-derived peptides and target cells inhibits mycobacterial entry in vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:626-41. [PMID: 25041568 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues being one of the diseases having the greatest mortality rates around the world, 8.7 million cases having been reported in 2011. An efficient vaccine against TB having a great impact on public health is an urgent need. Usually, selecting antigens for vaccines has been based on proteins having immunogenic properties for patients suffering TB and having had promising results in mice and non-human primates. Our approach has been based on a functional approach involving the pathogen-host interaction in the search for antigens to be included in designing an efficient, minimal, subunit-based anti-TB vaccine. This means that Mycobacterium tuberculosis has mainly been involved in studies and that lipoproteins represent an important kind of protein on the cell envelope which can also contribute towards this pathogen's virulence. This study has assessed the expression of four lipoproteins from M. tuberculosis H37Rv, that is, Rv1411c (LprG), Rv1911c (LppC), Rv2270 (LppN) and Rv3763 (LpqH), and the possible biological activity of peptides derived from these. Five peptides were found for these proteins which had high specific binding to both alveolar A549 epithelial cells and U937 monocyte-derived macrophages which were able to significantly inhibit mycobacterial entry to these cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ocampo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tyagi AK, Nangpal P, Satchidanandam V. Development of vaccines against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 91:469-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
6
|
Sinha S, Arora S, Kosalai K, Namane A, Pym AS, Cole ST. Proteome analysis of the plasma membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 3:470-83. [PMID: 18629250 PMCID: PMC2448412 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2002] [Accepted: 09/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is likely to contain proteins that could serve as novel drug targets, diagnostic probes or even components of a vaccine
against tuberculosis. With this in mind, we have undertaken proteome analysis of the
membrane of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Isolated membrane vesicles were extracted with
either a detergent (Triton X114) or an alkaline buffer (carbonate) following two of the
protocols recommended for membrane protein enrichment. Proteins were resolved
by 2D-GE using immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, and identified by peptide
mass mapping utilizing the M. tuberculosis genome database. The two extraction
procedures yielded patterns with minimal overlap. Only two proteins, both HSPs,
showed a common presence. MALDI–MS analysis of 61 spots led to the identification
of 32 proteins, 17 of which were new to the M. tuberculosis proteome database.
We classified 19 of the identified proteins as ‘membrane-associated’; 14 of these
were further classified as ‘membrane-bound’, three of which were lipoproteins. The
remaining proteins included four heat-shock proteins and several enzymes involved
in energy or lipid metabolism. Extraction with Triton X114 was found to be more
effective than carbonate for detecting ‘putative’ M. tuberculosis membrane proteins.
The protocol was also found to be suitable for comparing BCG and M. tuberculosis
membranes, identifying ESAT-6 as being expressed selectively in M. tuberculosis.
While this study demonstrates for the first time some of the membrane proteins of
M. tuberculosis, it also underscores the problems associated with proteomic analysis
of a complex membrane such as that of a mycobacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Sinha
- Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, Lucknow 226001, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sable SB, Plikaytis BB, Shinnick TM. Tuberculosis subunit vaccine development: Impact of physicochemical properties of mycobacterial test antigens. Vaccine 2007; 25:1553-66. [PMID: 17166640 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be one of the major public health problems in the world. The eventual control of this disease will require the development of a safe and effective vaccine. One of the approaches receiving a great deal of attention recently is subunit vaccination. An efficacious antituberculous subunit vaccine requires the identification and isolation of key components of the pathogen that are capable of inducing a protective immune response. Clues to identify promising subunit vaccine candidates may be found in their physicochemical and immunobiological properties. In this article, we review the evidence that the physicochemical properties of mycobacterial components can greatly impact the induction of either protective or deleterious immune response and consequently influence the potential utility as an antituberculous subunit vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj B Sable
- Division of TB Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G35, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sinha S, Kosalai K, Arora S, Namane A, Sharma P, Gaikwad AN, Brodin P, Cole ST. Immunogenic membrane-associated proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed by proteomics. Microbiology (Reading) 2005; 151:2411-2419. [PMID: 16000731 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated proteins ofMycobacterium tuberculosisoffer a challenge, as well as an opportunity, in the quest for better therapeutic and prophylactic interventions against tuberculosis. The authors have previously reported that extraction with the detergent Triton X-114 (TX-114) is a useful step in proteomic analysis of mycobacterial cell membranes, and detergent-soluble membrane proteins of mycobacteria are potent stimulators of human T cells. In this study 1-D and 2-D gel electrophoresis-based protocols were used for the analysis of proteins in the TX-114 extract ofM. tuberculosismembranes. Peptide mass mapping (using MALDI-TOF-MS, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) of 116 samples led to the identification of 105 proteins, 9 of which were new to theM. tuberculosisproteome. Functional orthologues of 73 of these proteins were also present inMycobacterium leprae, suggesting their relative importance. Bioinformatics predicted that as many as 73 % of the proteins had a hydrophobic disposition. 1-D gel electrophoresis revealed more hydrophobic/transmembrane and basic proteins than 2-D gel electrophoresis. Identified proteins fell into the following major categories: protein synthesis, cell wall biogenesis/architecture and conserved hypotheticals/unknowns. To identify immunodominant proteins of the detergent phase (DP), 14 low-molecular-mass fractions prepared by continuous-elution gel electrophoresis were subjected to T cell activation assays using blood samples from BCG-vaccinated healthy donors from a tuberculosis endemic area. Analysis of the responses (cell proliferation and IFN-γproduction) showed that the immunodominance of certain DP fractions was most probably due to ribosomal proteins, which is consistent with both their specificity for mycobacteria and their abundance. Other membrane-associated proteins, including transmembrane proteins/lipoproteins and ESAT-6, did not appear to contribute significantly to the observed T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Sinha
- Division of Drug Target Discovery and Development, Biochemistry Block, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box no. 173, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - K Kosalai
- Division of Drug Target Discovery and Development, Biochemistry Block, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box no. 173, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shalini Arora
- Division of Drug Target Discovery and Development, Biochemistry Block, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box no. 173, Lucknow 226001, India
| | | | - Pawan Sharma
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Drug Target Discovery and Development, Biochemistry Block, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box no. 173, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar H, Malhotra D, Goswami S, Bamezai RNK. How far have we reached in tuberculosis vaccine development? Crit Rev Microbiol 2004; 29:297-312. [PMID: 14636041 DOI: 10.1080/713608013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, a bacterial disease prevalent since ancient times, continues to cause the most deaths globally compared with all other diseases. The causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for different types of tuberculosis in humans; however, pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common and causes the most deaths. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogenic bacterium, which has developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive inside host mononuclear phagocytes and thus evade the host immune system. This is attributed primarily to an inadequate immune response toward infecting bacteria, which results in temporary growth inhibition rather than death and subsequently allows the bacteria to multiply immensely, leading to full-blown disease in an individual. This disease has become a challenge due to poor diagnosis, a low-efficiency tuberculosis vaccine (Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin [BCG]), a long-term antibacterial chemotherapy regimen (approximately 6 months), and an emergence of multiple drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis especially in people with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection, for whom researchers worldwide must develop effective short-term chemotherapy and an effective vaccine. In this review different aspects of vaccines in tuberculosis are discussed, and these include the traditional BCG vaccine, the modern auxotrophic vaccine, the subunit or acellular vaccine; and a DNA vaccine. We discuss also the potential of mycobacterial lipids as a vaccine or as an adjuvant in the future. Since complete genome information of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and bioinformatics tools are available, it is possible to develop new strategies for a better and effective tuberculosis vaccine, which can replace the traditional BCG vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tyagi AK, Dhar N. Recent advances in tuberculosis research in India. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 84:211-73. [PMID: 12934938 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36488-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading killer of mankind among all infectious diseases, especially in the developing countries. Since the discovery of tubercle bacillus more than 100 years ago, TB has been the subject of research in an attempt to develop tools and strategies to combat this disease. Research in Indian laboratories has contributed significantly towards developing the DOTS strategy employed worldwide in tuberculosis control programmes and elucidating the biological properties of its etiologic agent, M. tuberculosis. In recent times, the development of tools for manipulation of mycobacteria has given a boost to researchers working in this field. New strategies are being employed towards understanding the mechanisms of protection and pathogenesis of this disease. Molecular methods are being applied to develop new tools and reagents for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. With the sequencing of the genome of M. tuberculosis, molecules are being identified for the development of new drugs and vaccines. In this chapter, the advances made in these areas by Indian researchers mainly during the last five years are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Batoni G, Esin S, Pardini M, Bottai D, Senesi S, Wigzell H, Campa M. Identification of distinct lymphocyte subsets responding to subcellular fractions of Mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-Guérin (BCG). Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 119:270-9. [PMID: 10632662 PMCID: PMC1905498 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the ability of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination to induce immune responses toward different classes of mycobacterial antigens and the cell populations involved in such responses, proliferation of distinct human lymphocyte subsets from BCG-vaccinated donors in response to different subcellular fractions of BCG was analysed and compared with that of not sensitized subjects. Proliferation of different cell subsets was evaluated by flow cytometric determination of bromodeoxyuridine incorporated into DNA of dividing cells and simultaneous identification of cell surface markers. Although a certain degree of variability was observed among different donors, after 6 days of in vitro stimulation BCG-vaccinated subjects displayed, as a mean, a stronger blastogenic response to all the classes of antigens compared with non-sensitized ones. PPD, culture filtrates and membrane antigens induced a predominant proliferation of CD4+ T cells. In contrast, preparations enriched in cytosolic antigens elicited strong proliferation of gammadelta+ T cells which, as a mean, represented 55% of the proliferating cells. Although to a lesser extent, proliferation of gammadelta+ T cells was also elicited by preparations enriched in membrane and cell wall antigens. In response to the latter preparation proliferation of CD4+ T cells and CD16+/CD3- (natural killer (NK)) cells was observed, as well. In particular, cell wall antigens were found to induce significantly higher levels of proliferation of NK cells compared with all the other classes of antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Batoni
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Infettivologia ed Epidemiologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mehrotra J, Mittal A, Rastogi AK, Jaiswal AK, Bhandari NK, Sinha S. Antigenic definition of plasma membrane proteins of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: predominant activation of human T cells by low-molecular-mass integral proteins. Scand J Immunol 1999; 50:411-9. [PMID: 10520182 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial plasma membrane proteins, in particular the detergent-soluble or 'integral' ones, comprise a class of mostly unexplored antigens capable of inducing potent activation of human T cells. Plasma membrane isolated from culture-grown Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG; Indian vaccine; Danish strain) was subjected to a Triton X-114-based biphasic extraction procedure for isolation of peripheral (water-soluble) and integral proteins (PMP and IMP). A distinction between the two protein pools was evident from results of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using antisera raised in rabbits. An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay with a panel of WHO-IMMYC monoclonal antibodies against various mycobacterial antigens revealed that three well-known antigens, 19 kDa, 33/36 kDa (proline rich) and 38 kDa (PstS homologue), were part of the IMP pool; and another such antigen, 14/16 kDa alpha-crystallin homologue, partly constituted the PMP pool. Apparently, antigenically distinct species of the immunomodulatory moiety lipoarabinomannan partitioned in aqueous and detergent phases. Human T-cell proliferation assays in donors comprising tuberculoid leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis patients and healthy BCG vaccinees showed significantly greater potency of IMP over PMP and this immunodominance appeared to be directed towards CD4+ cells. IMP of < 56 kDa were resolved by 'continuous elution SDS-PAGE' into 15 fractions which, after extraction of SDS, were used in T-cell proliferation assays for the identification of immunodominant constituents. Proteins falling within three low-molecular-mass zones (all < 35 kDa) performed better than the rest, particularly a approximately 22 kDa fraction, which strongly stimulated T cells from all five donors. Partial overlap between IMP and secreted proteins, as noticed in this study, could provide clues to immunodominance of the latter. The apparent uniqueness and a high T-cell activating potency make mycobacterial IMP attractive candidates for designing future vaccines or immunotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mehrotra
- Division of Membrane Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harboe M, Wiker HG, Ulvund G, Lund-Pedersen B, Andersen AB, Hewinson RG, Nagai S. MPB70 and MPB83 as indicators of protein localization in mycobacterial cells. Infect Immun 1998; 66:289-96. [PMID: 9423870 PMCID: PMC107889 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.1.289-296.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture fluids after growth of Mycobacterium bovis BCG on Sauton medium contain actively secreted proteins and proteins released by bacterial lysis. BCG culture fluids and sonicates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were tested after separation by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The localization of marker proteins was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting with selected monoclonal antibodies of known specificities. Soluble secreted proteins (MPB64 and proteins of the antigen 85 complex) and three heat shock proteins (DnaK, GroEL, and GroES) were recovered in a single peak after gel filtration, indicating their occurrence as a free monomer in the culture fluid and cytosol, respectively. Other constituents eluted in two distinct peaks during gel filtration. The first peak corresponded to the void volume, indicating complex formation between several proteins or attachment to lipids in the surface layer or the cytoplasmic membrane; the second peak corresponded to the expected monomer size indicated by SDS-PAGE under conditions that separate proteins from each other during sample preparation. The two-peak group contained constituents with known lipid contents, the 19- and 38-kDa lipoproteins and lipoarabinomannan. The 26-kDa form of MPB83 behaved similarly. After extraction with Triton X-114, these constituents entered into the detergent phase, confirming the lipoprotein nature of 26-kDa MPB83. The MPB83 molecule was shown to be available on the surface of BCG Tokyo bacilli for reaction with monoclonal antibody MBS43 by flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Harboe
- Institute of Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|