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Liu X, Sun Y, Su Y, Gao Y, Zhang T, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhang D, Sun C, Li J, Li Z, Zhang B. The compensatory role of T cells from lymph nodes in mice with splenectomy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18363. [PMID: 38770891 PMCID: PMC11107144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The spleen is a vital organ for the immune system, while splenectomy may be necessary for various reasons. However, there is limited research on the impact of splenectomy on T cell function in peripheral lymph nodes as a compensatory mechanism in preventing infections. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and function of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in different peripheral lymph nodes during viral infection using a well-established splenectomy model. The results revealed that splenectomy caused an increase in CD8+GP33+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Moreover, we demonstrated that splenectomy resulted in an increase of effector KLRG1+ T cells in the MLN. Additionally, the number of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CD4 CTLs) was also elevated in the peripheral lymph nodes of mice with splenectomy. Surprisingly, aged mice exhibited a stronger compensatory ability than adult mice, as evidenced by an increase in effector CD8+ T cells in all peripheral lymph nodes. These findings provide compelling evidence that T cells in MLN play a crucial role in protecting individuals with splenectomy against viral infections. The study offers new insights into understanding the changes in the immune system of individuals with splenectomy and highlights the potential compensatory mechanisms involved by T cells in peripheral lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesYan'an UniversityYan'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yae Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesYan'an UniversityYan'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Tianzhe Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Qianhao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to DiseasesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of EmergencyShaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zongfang Li
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS‐Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to DiseasesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Nandi M, Moyo MM, Orkhis S, Mobulakani JMF, Limoges MA, Rexhepi F, Mayhue M, Cayarga AA, Marrero GC, Ilangumaran S, Menendez A, Ramanathan S. IL-15Rα-Independent IL-15 Signaling in Non-NK Cell-Derived IFNγ Driven Control of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793918. [PMID: 34956227 PMCID: PMC8703170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-15, produced by hematopoietic and parenchymal cells, maintains immune cell homeostasis and facilitates activation of lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets. IL-15 interacts with the ligand-binding receptor chain IL-15Rα during biosynthesis, and the IL-15:IL-15Rα complex is trans-presented to responder cells that express the IL-2/15Rβγc complex to initiate signaling. IL-15-deficient and IL-15Rα-deficient mice display similar alterations in immune cell subsets. Thus, the trimeric IL-15Rαβγc complex is considered the functional IL-15 receptor. However, studies on the pathogenic role of IL-15 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases indicate that IL-15 can signal independently of IL-15Rα via the IL-15Rβγc dimer. Here, we compared the ability of mice lacking IL-15 (no signaling) or IL-15Rα (partial/distinct signaling) to control Listeria monocytogenes infection. We show that IL-15-deficient mice succumb to infection whereas IL-15Rα-deficient mice clear the pathogen as efficiently as wildtype mice. IL-15-deficient macrophages did not show any defect in bacterial uptake or iNOS expression in vitro. In vivo, IL-15 deficiency impaired the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in infected spleens without affecting chemokine and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The inability of IL-15-deficient mice to clear L. monocytogenes results from impaired early IFNγ production, which was not affected in IL-15Rα-deficient mice. Administration of IFNγ partially enabled IL-15-deficient mice to control the infection. Bone marrow chimeras revealed that IL-15 needed for early bacterial control can originate from both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Overall, our findings indicate that IL-15-dependent IL-15Rα-independent signaling via the IL-15Rβγc dimeric complex is necessary and sufficient for the induction of IFNγ from sources other than NK/NKT cells to control bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mitterrand Muamba Moyo
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sakina Orkhis
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Fjolla Rexhepi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anny Armas Cayarga
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gisela Cofino Marrero
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Karasartova D, Gazi U, Tosun O, Gureser AS, Sahiner IT, Dolapci M, Ozkan AT. Anti-Pneumococcal Vaccine-Induced Cellular Immune Responses in Post-Traumatic Splenectomized Individuals. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:388-396. [PMID: 28488145 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Splenectomy is associated with increased risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infections despite proper anti-pneumococcal vaccination. As most studies concentrated on vaccination-induced humoral immunity, the cellular immune responses triggered in splenectomized patients are not yet well studied. The present study aims to investigate this area as it can contribute to the development of more effective vaccination strategies. METHODS Five healthy and 14 splenectomized patients were vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (PCV) followed by pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine according to the guidelines established by Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. PBMC samples collected 0, 8, and 12 weeks after PCV immunization were in vitro stimulated with PCV. Levels of lymphoproliferation, TH cell differentiation, and cytokine release were assessed by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling, intracellular cytokine staining, and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS While TH1-dominated immune response was detected in both groups, asplenic individuals generated significantly lower levels of TH1 cells following in vitro stimulation. Similarly, levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 release and lymphoproliferation were significantly lower in asplenic patients. CONCLUSIONS According to our data, splenectomy negatively influences the levels of PCV-induced lymphoproliferation, TH1 differentiation, and cytokine release. Besides, PCV failed to induce TH17-dominant immune response which is crucial for protection against extracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djursun Karasartova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Umut Gazi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinic Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Ozgur Tosun
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ayse S Gureser
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim T Sahiner
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Mete Dolapci
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Aysegul T Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
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Kinoshita M, Miyazaki H, Ono S, Seki S. Immunoenhancing therapy with interleukin-18 against bacterial infection in immunocompromised hosts after severe surgical stress. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:689-98. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1012502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Perobelli S, Alves C, Rezende A, Farias R, Nunes S, Teixeira H. Splenic autotransplantation reverses interferon-gamma and nitric oxide production and resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in splenectomized mice. Transpl Infect Dis 2010; 13:154-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2010.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effects of splenectomy on spontaneously chronic pancreatitis in aly/aly mice. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:614890. [PMID: 20369067 PMCID: PMC2847759 DOI: 10.1155/2010/614890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim. Mice with alymphoplasia (aly/aly) mutation characterized by a lack of lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and well-defined lymphoid follicles in the spleen were found. In this study, we used splenectomized aly/aly mice to elucidate the effects of secondary lymphoid organs in the development of aly/aly autoimmune pancreatitis. Methods. Forty-eight 10-week-old aly/aly mice were divided into two groups for splenectomy and sham operation. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the pancreas were performed at the ages of 20, 30, and 40 weeks old after operation, respectively.
Results. Our results showed that mononuclear cell infiltration was restricted to the interlobular connective tissues at the age of 20 weeks, and not increase obviously at the age of 30 and 40 weeks in splenectomized aly/aly mice. Furthermore, an apparent decrease in the expressions of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and B cells was detected in the pancreatic tissues compared with sham aly/aly mice, however, no significant difference in macrophage expression between mice with and without a splenectomy.
Conclusions. Inflammation infiltration and development of the pancreatitis in aly/aly mice were suppressed effectively after splenectomy, which was, at least partly, correlated to inhibition of the infiltration of T and B cells in pancreatic tissues but not to macrophages.
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Teixeira FM, Fernandes BF, Rezende AB, Machado RRP, Alves CCS, Perobelli SM, Nunes SI, Farias RE, Rodrigues MF, Ferreira AP, Oliveira SC, Teixeira HC. Staphylococcus aureus infection after splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation in BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 154:255-63. [PMID: 18782329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenectomy results in an increased risk of sepsis. The autogenous transplant of the spleen is an option for preserving splenic functions after total splenectomy. In this study, the capacity of animals undergoing autogenous spleen transplantation to respond to Staphylococcus aureus infection was investigated. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: splenectomy followed by autotransplantation in the retroperitonium (AT), splenectomized only (SP) and operated non-splenectomized sham control (CT). Thirty days after surgery the mice were infected intravenously with S. aureus. Splenectomized mice had a higher number of colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus in liver and lungs in comparison with either AT or with CT mice (P < 0.05). Higher CFU numbers in lung of SP mice correlated with elevated production of interleukin-10 associated with a lower production of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. However, systemically, the level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha was higher in the SP group than in CT or AT. Lower titres of specific anti-S. aureus immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG1 were observed 6 days after infection in SP mice in comparison either with the AT or CT groups. Thus, splenectomy is detrimental to the immune response of BALB/c mice against infection by S. aureus which can be re-established by autogenous implantation of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Maioli TU, Carneiro CM, Assis FA, Faria AMC. Splenectomy does not interfere with immune response to Leishmania major infection in mice. Cell Immunol 2008; 249:1-7. [PMID: 18093575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spleen is one of the largest lymphoid organs in the body; it harbors immune cells including antigen presenting cells, B and T lymphocytes. It has an important role in humoral and cellular immune responses. Herein we investigated the role of spleen in the immune response to experimental Leishmania major infection. It is known that C57BL/6 mice are resistant to L. major infection whereas BALB/c mice are susceptible. Although splenectomy was associated with reduced serum levels of IFN-gamma, absence of the spleen did not change the profile of L. major infection in the resistant C57BL/6 and BALB/c susceptible mice. Both strains of mice maintained the same profile of cytokine production in regional lymph nodes after splenectomy and responded in the same way against the infection. Only splenectomized BALB/c mice had a reduction in IL-4 and IL-10 production by lymph node cells early in infection. Our data suggest that, in localized infections, regional lymph nodes may replace efficiently the immunological role of spleen in the cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T U Maioli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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