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Shao W, Chen R, Lin G, Ran K, Zhang Y, Yang J, Pan H, Shangguan J, Zhao Y, Xu H. In situ mucoadhesive hydrogel capturing tripeptide KPV: the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and repairing effect on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:227-242. [PMID: 34846053 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The self-healing of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is difficult in practice because of both local bacterial infection and severe inflammation. Herein, in situ mucoadhesive hydrogels (PPP_E) were successfully prepared by using temperature-sensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA (PPP) as a matrix and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with inherent antibacterial activity as an adhesion enhancer. A series of PPP_E precursor solutions with various EGCG concentrations (1%, 2% and 5%) were prepared by fixing the PPP concentration at 25%. EGCG slightly decreased the sol-gel transition temperature and shortened the sol-gel transition time of the PPP hydrogel. Moreover, the incorporation of EGCG could significantly increase the tissue adhesion properties of the PPP hydrogel at 37 °C. PPP_2%E displayed a suitable gelation temperature (36.2 °C), gelation time (100 s) and storage modulus (48 Pa). Tripeptide KPV as a model drug was easily dissolved in cold PPP_2%E precursor solution to prepare KPV@PPP_2%E hydrogel. The anti-inflammatory activity and promotion of cell migration potential by KPV in PPP-2% E hydrogel were well maintained. Moreover, KPV@PPP_2%E exhibited strong antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus. PPP_2%E precursor solution rapidly transformed to a hydrogel and adhered to the wound surface for 7 hours when administrated to the gingival mucosa of rats. Treatment with KPV@PPP_2%E hydrogel greatly improved the food intake and body weight recovery of rats with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Moreover, the tissue morphology of the ulcerated gingiva after application of KPV@PPP_E hydrogel was also well repaired by promoting CK10 and PCNA expression. In addition, the inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly inhibited by KPV@PPP_2%E hydrogel while IL-10 was up-regulated. KPV@PPP_2%E hydrogel also had an anti-bacterial effect on MRSA-infected gingival ulcer wounds, which resulted in the obvious inhibition of infiltration by inflammatory cells into submucosal tissues. Conclusively, KPV@PPP_E may be a promising practical application for cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Shao
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Gaolong Lin
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Kunjie Ran
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Hanxiao Pan
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Jianxun Shangguan
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Helin Xu
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
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Ingendoh‐Tsakmakidis A, Mikolai C, Winkel A, Szafrański SP, Falk CS, Rossi A, Walles H, Stiesch M. Commensal and pathogenic biofilms differently modulate peri-implant oral mucosa in an organotypic model. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13078. [PMID: 31270923 PMCID: PMC6771885 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria on peri-implant mucosa is not well understood, despite the high prevalence of peri-implant infections. Hence, we investigated responses of the peri-implant mucosa to Streptococcus oralis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilms using a novel in vitro peri-implant mucosa-biofilm model. Our 3D model combined three components, organotypic oral mucosa, implant material, and oral biofilm, with structural assembly close to native situation. S. oralis induced a protective stress response in the peri-implant mucosa through upregulation of heat shock protein (HSP70) genes. Attenuated inflammatory response was indicated by reduced cytokine levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (CXCL8), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2). The inflammatory balance was preserved through increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). A. actinomycetemcomitans induced downregulation of genes important for cell survival and host inflammatory response. The reduced cytokine levels of chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL8, and CCL2 also indicated a diminished inflammatory response. The induced immune balance by S. oralis may support oral health, whereas the reduced inflammatory response to A. actinomycetemcomitans may provide colonisation advantage and facilitate later tissue invasion. The comprehensive characterisation of peri-implant mucosa-biofilm interactions using our 3D model can provide new knowledge to improve strategies for prevention and therapy of peri-implant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Mikolai
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Szymon P. Szafrański
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant ImmunologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Angela Rossi
- Translational Center for Regenerative TherapiesFraunhofer Institute of Silicate Research ISCWürzburgGermany
| | - Heike Walles
- Translational Center for Regenerative TherapiesFraunhofer Institute of Silicate Research ISCWürzburgGermany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity Hospital of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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Li XL, Wang YL, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Zhang XF. Inhibiting expression of HSP60 and TLR4 attenuates paraquat-induced microglial inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:179-185. [PMID: 30584891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggest that heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are involved in triggering inflammatory response in microglia. Paraquat (PQ) evokes microglial inflammation by up-regulating expression of HSP60-TLR4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88)-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in vitro. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential modulatory roles of HSP60 and TLR4 in PQ-induced inflammation. Before treated with PQ, microglia BV2 cells were pretreated using siRNA to knockdown HSP60 or with specific inhibitor to inhibit TLR4 expression. Expression of TLR4 and MyD88, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 were studied with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Expression of pro-inflammatory factors was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR. Knockdown of HSP60 or inhibition of TLR4 significantly reduced the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 and decreased the accumulation of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus. Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also significantly decreased in response to PQ. These results suggest that HSP60 and TLR4 can modulate intracellular signaling of PQ-induced inflammation. Inhibiting HSP60 or TLR4 reduces significantly the intensity of inflammation in PQ-activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China
| | - Yong-Ling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Public Health Monitoring, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China.
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Widyarman AS, Drestia AM, Bachtiar EW, Bachtiar BM. The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Glycerol-supplemented Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on Infected Epithelial cells In vitro. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:298-303. [PMID: 29875577 PMCID: PMC5968699 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_53_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the most interesting effects of probiotics is their ability to modulate the immune system through the induction of cytokines and to enhance the host immune response. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of glycerol-supplemented Lactobacillus reuteri on the transcription level of interleukin (IL)-8 and human-beta-defensin (hBD)-2 expressed by epithelial cells after exposure to bacteria. Materials and Methods: The confluent-cultured HaCat cell line (105 cells/mL) was exposed to Streptococcus mutans ATCC-25175 and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC-33277 (107 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) for 24 h and challenged with probiotic L. reuteri ATCC-55730 (107 CFU/mL) supplemented with glycerol. Subsequently, the transcription levels of IL-8 and hBD-2 in HaCat cells were analyzed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, cell viability was analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. All the obtained data were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test, with P < 0.05 set as the level of significance. Results: The MTT assays confirmed no cytotoxic effects of glycerol-supplemented L. reuteri on HaCat cells (viability >90%). mRNA expression of IL-8 and hBD-2 increased after exposure to both bacteria. The presence of glycerol-supplemented L. reuteri significantly reduced the expression of IL-8 and hBD-2 on HaCat cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Glycerol-supplemented L. reuteri reduced the expression of IL-8 and hBD-2, and the results may be proof of principle for a probiotic approach to combating inflammation. However, further studies are needed to validate this probiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aradhea Monica Drestia
- Microbiology Center of Research and Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Winiati Bachtiar
- Departement of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Boy M Bachtiar
- Departement of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Swaroop S, Sengupta N, Suryawanshi AR, Adlakha YK, Basu A. HSP60 plays a regulatory role in IL-1β-induced microglial inflammation via TLR4-p38 MAPK axis. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:27. [PMID: 26838598 PMCID: PMC4736186 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-1β, also known as “the master regulator of inflammation”, is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by activated microglia in response to pathogenic invasions or neurodegeneration. It initiates a vicious cycle of inflammation and orchestrates various molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation. The role of IL-1β has been extensively studied in neurodegenerative disorders; however, molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation induced by IL-1β are still poorly understood. The objective of our study is the comprehensive identification of molecular circuitry involved in IL-1β-induced inflammation in microglia through protein profiling. Methods To achieve our aim, we performed the proteomic analysis of N9 microglial cells with and without IL-1β treatment at different time points. Expression of HSP60 in response to IL-1β administration was checked by quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. Interaction of HSP60 with TLR4 was determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Inhibition of TLR4 was done using TLR4 inhibitor to reveal its effect on IL-1β-induced inflammation. Further, effect of HSP60 knockdown and overexpression were assessed on the inflammation in microglia. Specific MAPK inhibitors were used to reveal the downstream MAPK exclusively involved in HSP60-induced inflammation in microglia. Results Total 21 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in response to IL-1β treatment in N9 microglial cells. In silico analysis of these proteins revealed unfolded protein response as one of the most significant molecular functions, and HSP60 turned out to be a key hub molecule. IL-1β induced the expression as well as secretion of HSP60 in extracellular milieu during inflammation of N9 cells. Secreted HSP60 binds to TLR4 and inhibition of TLR4 suppressed IL-1β-induced inflammation to a significant extent. Our knockdown and overexpression studies demonstrated that HSP60 increases the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs in N9 cells during inflammation. Specific inhibition of p38 by inhibitors suppressed HSP60-induced inflammation, thus pointed towards the major role of p38 MAPK rather than ERK1/2 and JNK in HSP60-induced inflammation. Furthermore, silencing of upstream modulator of p38, i.e., MEK3/6 also reduced HSP60-induced inflammation. Conclusions IL-1β induces expression of HSP60 in N9 microglial cells that further augments inflammation via TLR4-p38 MAPK axis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0486-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Swaroop
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, 122051, India
| | | | | | - Yogita K Adlakha
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, 122051, India.
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, 122051, India.
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Henderson B, Fares MA, Lund PA. Chaperonin 60: a paradoxical, evolutionarily conserved protein family with multiple moonlighting functions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:955-87. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute; University College London; London WC1X 8LD U.K
| | - Mario A. Fares
- Department of Genetics; University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
- Department of Abiotic Stress; Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC-UPV); Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Peter A. Lund
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT U.K
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Faleiros R, Leise B, Westerman T, Yin C, Nuovo G, Belknap J. In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence of the Involvement of CXCL1, a Keratinocyte-Derived Chemokine, in Equine Laminitis. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:1086-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Handfield M, Baker HV, Lamont RJ. Beyond good and evil in the oral cavity: insights into host-microbe relationships derived from transcriptional profiling of gingival cells. J Dent Res 2008; 87:203-23. [PMID: 18296603 DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In many instances, the encounter between host and microbial cells, through a long-standing evolutionary association, can be a balanced interaction whereby both cell types co-exist and inflict a minimal degree of harm on each other. In the oral cavity, despite the presence of large numbers of diverse organisms, health is the most frequent status. Disease will ensue only when the host-microbe balance is disrupted on a cellular and molecular level. With the advent of microarrays, it is now possible to monitor the responses of host cells to bacterial challenge on a global scale. However, microarray data are known to be inherently noisy, which is caused in part by their great sensitivity. Hence, we will address several important general considerations required to maximize the significance of microarray analysis in depicting relevant host-microbe interactions faithfully. Several advantages and limitations of microarray analysis that may have a direct impact on the significance of array data are highlighted and discussed. Further, this review revisits and contextualizes recent transcriptional profiles that were originally generated for the specific study of intricate cellular interactions between gingival cells and 4 important plaque micro-organisms. To our knowledge, this is the first report that systematically investigates the cellular responses of a cell line to challenge by 4 different micro-organisms. Of particular relevance to the oral cavity, the model bacteria span the entire spectrum of documented pathogenic potential, from commensal to opportunistic to overtly pathogenic. These studies provide a molecular basis for the complex and dynamic interaction between the oral microflora and its host, which may lead, ultimately, to the development of novel, rational, and practical therapeutic, prophylactic, and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Handfield
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Box 100424 JHMHSC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA.
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