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Menon N, Kishen A. Nociceptor-Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1193. [PMID: 37627258 PMCID: PMC10452348 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiating neurogenic inflammation (NI). Studies have investigated neuroanatomy and measured the levels of biomolecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides in human saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, or blood/serum samples in apical periodontitis (AP) to validate the possible role of trigeminal nociceptors in inflammation and tissue regeneration. However, the contributions of nociceptors and the mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interactions in AP are not fully understood. This narrative review addresses the complex biomolecular interactions of trigeminal nociceptors with macrophages, the effector cells of the innate immune system, in the clinical manifestations of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
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2
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Neural regulation of alveolar bone remodeling and periodontal ligament metabolism during orthodontic tooth movement in response to therapeutic loading. J World Fed Orthod 2022; 11:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Yan T, Xie Y, He H, Fan W, Huang F. Role of nitric oxide in orthodontic tooth movement (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:168. [PMID: 34278439 PMCID: PMC8285047 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an ubiquitous signaling molecule that mediates numerous cellular processes associated with cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. NO also plays an essential role in bone homeostasis regulation. The present review article summarized the effects of NO on bone metabolism during orthodontic tooth movement in order to provide insight into the regulatory role of NO in orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement is a process in which the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone are reconstructed due to the effect of orthodontic forces. Accumulating evidence has indicated that NO and its downstream signaling molecule, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), mediate the mechanical signals during orthodontic-related bone remodeling, and exert complex effects on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. NO has a regulatory effect on the cellular activities and functional states of osteoclasts, osteocytes and periodontal ligament fibroblasts involved in orthodontic tooth movement. Variations of NO synthase (NOS) expression levels and NO production in periodontal tissues or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been found on the tension and compression sides during tooth movement in both orthodontic animal models and patients. Furthermore, NO precursor and NOS inhibitor administration increased and reduced the tooth movement in animal models, respectively. Further research is required in order to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the clinical application prospect of NO in orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yongjian Xie
- Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Kodama T, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Tongue Cancer Cell-Derived CCL20 Induced by Interaction With Macrophages Promotes CD163 Expression on Macrophages. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667174. [PMID: 34178651 PMCID: PMC8219974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD163-positive macrophages contribute to the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We showed in a previous report that CD163-positive macrophages infiltrated not only to the cancer nest but also to its surrounding epithelium, depending on the presence of stromal invasion in tongue carcinogenesis. However, the role of intraepithelial macrophages in tongue carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the biological behavior of intraepithelial macrophages on their interaction with cancer cells. Materials and Methods We established the indirect coculture system (intraepithelial neoplasia model) and direct coculture system (invasive cancer model) of human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1-derived CD163-positive macrophages with SCC25, a tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell line. Conditioned media (CM) harvested from these systems were analyzed using cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and extracted a specific upregulated cytokine in CM from the direct coculture system (direct CM). The correlation of both this cytokine and its receptor with various clinicopathological factors were evaluated based on immunohistochemistry using clinical samples from 59 patients with TSCC. Moreover, the effect of this cytokine in direct CM on the phenotypic alterations of THP-1 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transwell migration assay. Results It was shown that CCL20 was induced in the direct CM specifically. Interestingly, CCL20 was produced primarily in SCC25. The expression level of CCR6, which is a sole receptor of CCL20, was higher than the expression level of SCC25. Our immunohistochemical investigation showed that CCL20 and CCR6 expression was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion and the number of CD163-positive macrophages. Recombinant human CCL20 induced the CD163 expression and promoted migration of THP-1. We also confirmed that a neutralizing anti-CCL20 antibody blocked the induction of CD163 expression by direct CM in THP-1. Moreover, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with the CCL20-driven induction of CD163 expression in THP-1. Conclusions Tongue cancer cell-derived CCL20 that was induced by interaction with macrophages promotes CD163 expression on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Asiry MA. Biological aspects of orthodontic tooth movement: A review of literature. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1027-1032. [PMID: 30174498 PMCID: PMC6117289 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review of literature describes the cellular and molecular biology of orthodontic tooth movement, including various theories and effect of chemical mediators on tooth movement. The better understanding of the tooth movement mechanism will inspire the clinicians to design and implement effective appliances that will result in maximum benefits and minimum tissue damage to the patients. This paper also emphasizes the applied aspect of different medication and hormones, during orthodontic treatment, on the signaling molecules which produce bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshabab A Asiry
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Building No 3500, Riyadh 12372-7325 Saudi Arabia
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Zhang J, Liu J, Chen H, Wu W, Li X, Wu Y, Wang Z, Zhang K, Li Y, Weng Y, Liao H, Gu L. Specific immunotherapy generates CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells to suppress lung cancer growth in mice. Immunol Res 2016; 64:1033-40. [PMID: 26910585 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
That specific immunotherapy can inhibit cancer growth has been recognized; its efficiency is to be improved. This study aimed to inhibit lung cancer (LC) growth in a mouse model by using an LC-specific vaccination. In this study, a LC mouse model was created by adoptive transplantation with LC cells. The tumor-bearing mice were vaccinated with LC cell extracts plus adjuvant TNBS or adoptive transplantation with specific CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells. The results showed that the vaccination with LC extracts (LCE)/TNBS markedly inhibited the LC growth and induced CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells in LC tissue and the spleen. These CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells proliferated and produce high levels of perforin upon exposure to LCE and specifically induced LC cell apoptosis. Exposure to TNBS induced RAW264.7 cells to produce macrophage inflammatory protein-3α; the latter activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and further induced perforin expression in the CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells. Adoptive transfer with specific CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells suppressed LC growth in mice. In conclusion, immunization with LC extracts and TNBS can induce LC-specific CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells in LC-bearing mice and inhibit LC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Infectious Disease Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huiguo Chen
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yun Li
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yimin Weng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongying Liao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lijia Gu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Márton IJ, Kiss C. Overlapping Protective and Destructive Regulatory Pathways in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2014; 40:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Gene expression profile of compressed primary human cementoblasts before and after IL-1β stimulation. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18:1925-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Involvement of Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:210604. [PMID: 23738323 PMCID: PMC3659465 DOI: 10.1155/2013/210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown that mollugin, a bioactive phytochemical isolated from Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae), exhibits antitumor effects, its biological activity in oral cancer has not been reported. We thus investigated the effects and putative mechanism of apoptosis induced by mollugin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs). Results show that mollugin induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner in primary and metastatic OSCCs. Mollugin-induced cell death involved apoptosis, characterized by the appearance of nuclear shrinkage, flow cytometric analysis of sub-G1 phase arrest, and annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR revealed that mollugin suppressed activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-dependent gene products involved in antiapoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl), invasion (MMP-9 and ICAM-1), and angiogenesis (FGF-2 and VEGF). Furthermore, mollugin induced the activation of p38, ERK, and JNK and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of HO-1 were reversed by an HO-1 inhibitor and Nrf2 siRNA. Collectively, this is the first report to demonstrate the effectiveness of mollugin as a candidate for a chemotherapeutic agent in OSCCs via the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf2 pathways and the downregulation of NF-κB.
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Park YD, Kim YS, Jung YM, Lee SI, Lee YM, Bang JB, Kim EC. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide regulates interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 expression via SIRT1 modulation in human periodontal ligament cells. Cytokine 2012; 60:284-93. [PMID: 22683003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 levels exist in the gingival tissue of periodontitis patients, but the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate IL-17 and IL-23 production remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of SIRT1 signaling on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-17 and IL-23 production in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). IL-17 and IL-23 production was significantly increased in LPS-treated cells. LPS treatment also led to the upregulation of SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression. LPS-induced IL-17 and IL-23 upregulation was attenuated by pretreatment with inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NF-κB, as well as neutralizing antibodies against Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4. Sirtinol treatment (a known SIRT1 inhibitor) or SIRT1 knockdown by small interfering RNA blocked LPS-stimulated IL-17 and IL-23 expression. Further investigation showed that LPS decreased osteoblast markers (i.e., ALP, OPN, and BSP) and concomitantly increased osteoclast markers (i.e., RANKL and M-CSF). This response was attenuated by inhibitors of the PI3K, p38, ERK, JNK, NF-κB, and SIRT1 pathways. These findings, for the first time, suggest that human periodontopathogen P. gingivalis LPS is implicated in periodontal disease bone destruction and may mediate IL-17 and IL-23 release from hPDLCs. This process is dependent, at least in part, on SIRT1-Akt/PI3K-MAPK-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Duk Park
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Konermann A, Stabenow D, Knolle PA, Held SAE, Deschner J, Jäger A. Regulatory role of periodontal ligament fibroblasts for innate immune cell function and differentiation. Innate Immun 2012; 18:745-52. [PMID: 22436844 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912440598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is crucial for an effective host defense against pathogenic microorganisms in periodontal tissues. As periodontal ligament (PDL) cells synthesize immunomodulatory cytokines, the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate whether these cells can interact with innate immune cells. Resting and inflammatory primed (IL-1β, TNF-α, HMGB1) human PDL cells were co-cultured with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells or macrophages. Migration, phenotypic maturation and modulation of phagocytosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis by immune cells were investigated upon co-culture with PDL cells and/or their released soluble factors. PDL cells interacted with immune cells under both non-inflammatory and inflammatory conditions. Immune cell migration was significantly enhanced by co-culture with PDL cells, which also affected their phenotypic maturation both through cell-cell contact and through released soluble mediators. The dendritic cell maturation markers CD83 and CD86 were upregulated as much as both 'alternatively activated' M2 macrophage maturation markers CD23 and CD163. In contrast, the 'classically activated' M1 macrophage maturation marker CD64 was downregulated. Finally, PDL cells significantly enhanced the phagocytosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis by immune cells. Our experiments revealed that PDL cells are not only structural elements of the periodontium, but actively influence immune responses by interaction with innate immune cells.
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Jeong GS, Lee DS, Li B, Kim JJ, Kim EC, Kim YC. Anti-inflammatory effects of lindenenyl acetate via heme oxygenase-1 and AMPK in human periodontal ligament cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:295-303. [PMID: 21910986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory effects of lindenenyl acetate (LA) was investigated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cell model. LA concentration-dependently inhibited LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) derived nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) production in HPDL cells. LA also attenuated the production of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-12. LA stimulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression and enzyme activity of HPDL cells in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with the HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), attenuated the inhibitory activities of LA on LPS-induced inflammatory NO, PGE(2), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 production. LA induced translocation of Nrf-2. Furthermore, an inhibitor of JNK MAPK abolished LA-induced HO-1 expression. LA exposure up-regulated the levels of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its upstream kinase activators, including LKB1 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-II. Furthermore, compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, partially blocked the LA-induced anti-inflammatory effect. Taken together, these results indicate that LA has anti-inflammatory activity in HPDL cells that might be mediated by the HO-1, AMPK, JNK MAPK, and Nrf-2 pathways. Thus, LA may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dae-gu 704-701, Republic of Korea
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Chang KP, Kao HK, Yen TC, Chang YL, Liang Y, Liu SC, Lee LY, Chang YL, Kang CJ, Chen IH, Liao CT, Yu JS. Overexpression of macrophage inflammatory protein-3α in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma is associated with nodal metastasis. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:108-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 252-257 Heme oxygenase (HO) system catabolizes heme into three products: carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin/bilirubin and free iron, which consists of three forms identified to date: the oxidative stress-inducible protein HO-1 and the constitutive isozymes HO-2 and HO-3. HO has been involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, ranging from Alzheimer's disease to cancer. The interest in HO system by scientists and clinicians involved with the oral and maxillofacial region is fairly recent, and few papers currently cited on HO relate to diseases in this anatomical area. This review will focus on the current understanding of the physiological significance of HO-1 induction and its possible roles in the oral diseases studied to date. The implications for possible therapeutic manipulation of HO are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Fan
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kim SJ, Min KS, Ryu HW, Lee HJ, Kim EC. The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Proliferation and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2010; 36:1326-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cho JH, Lee SK, Lee JW, Kim EC. The role of heme oxygenase-1 in mechanical stress- and lipopolysaccharide-induced osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. Angle Orthod 2010; 80:552-9. [DOI: 10.2319/091509-520.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Lee HJ, Jeong GS, Pi SH, Lee SI, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Lee SK, Kim EC. Heme oxygenase-1 protects human periodontal ligament cells against substance P-induced RANKL expression. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:367-74. [PMID: 20337895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although substance P (SP) stimulates bone resorption activity and this is reported to be correlated with the degree of periodontal inflammation, it is unclear how human periodontal ligament cells regulate neuropeptide-induced osteoclastogenesis or the possible involvement of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) might be. This study examines how SP affects osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL expression via HO-1. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using immortalized human periodontal ligament cells, the effects of SP on the expression of HO-1, RANKL and OPG mRNA and proteins were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Various concentrations of SP (10(-7), 10(-8), 10(-9) and 10(-10) m) were added to the medium, and the cells were treated for 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 d. RESULTS Substance P upregulated RANKL and HO-1 and downregulated OPG mRNA and protein expression in periodontal ligament cells, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. A HO-1 inducer inhibited both the upregulation of RANKL expression and downregulation of OPG expression by SP in periodontal ligament cells. By contrast, treatment with a HO-1 inhibitor or HO-1 small interferring RNA (siRNA) enhanced SP-stimulated RANKL expression. Inhibitors of ERK and p38 MAP kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB blocked the effects of SP on RANKL expression in periodontal ligament cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SP stimulates osteoclastic differentiation by increasing the expression of RANKL vs. OPG via the HO-1 pathway in periodontal ligament cells. The HO-1 pathway may be an effective therapeutic target for inhibiting chronic periodontitis involving alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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18
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Kim YS, Pi SH, Lee YM, Lee SI, Kim EC. The anti-inflammatory role of heme oxygenase-1 in lipopolysaccharide and cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2010; 80:2045-55. [PMID: 19961388 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in anti-inflammation, the mechanisms of its activity in regulating periodontal inflammation are largely unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. METHODS PDL cells were treated with LPS plus a combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta in serum-free media for 1 day. The production of NO was evaluated using a Griess reagent kit. The expression of iNOS and HO-1 proteins and mRNAs was evaluated using Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Proinflammatory cytokines and LPS triggered iNOS and HO-1 expression and NO production in PDL cells. HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated the LPS- and cytokine-stimulated NO release and iNOS and HO-1 expression. Specific inhibitors of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), and protein kinase C delta (PKC-delta) greatly reduced the levels of iNOS and HO-1 expression induced by LPS plus cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggested that HO-1 inhibition blocked LPS- and proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated iNOS expression and NO production in PDL cells via a mechanism that involves p38, ERK, PI3K, NF-kappaB, and PKC-delta. Thus, the regulation of HO-1 activity may be a therapeutic strategy for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Lee SK, Lee CY, Kook YA, Lee SK, Kim EC. Mechanical stress promotes odontoblastic differentiation via the heme oxygenase-1 pathway in human dental pulp cell line. Life Sci 2009; 86:107-14. [PMID: 19951713 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in osteoblastic differentiation, the HO-1- and odontoblastic differentiation-inducing effects of mechanical stress (MS) have not been clarified in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). In this study, we examined the effects of MS on the odontoblastic differentiation of immortalized HDPCs and on the primary intracellular signaling pathways, including the HO-1 pathway, implicated in this differentiation. MAIN METHODS A Flexercell strain unit was used to generate cyclic tensile strain in HDPCs. Expressions of mRNAs encoding HO-1 and HDPC differentiation markers, such as osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix-protein-1 (DMP-1), were evaluated using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Expression of the NF-E2-related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) protein was analyzed by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS MS significantly increased the expression of HO-1, OPN, BSP, DSPP, and DMP-1 mRNAs in HDPCs. HO-1 silencing and inhibitors of HO-1, p38 MAPK, ERK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) all attenuated MS-stimulated differentiation. The MS-induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was suppressed by inhibitors of PI3K and NF-kappaB. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that MS stimulates odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs via modulation of the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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20
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Jeong GS, Lee SH, Jeong SN, Kim YC, Kim EC. Anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin on nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1374-80. [PMID: 19729077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although apigenin exhibits various biological effects, its anti-inflammatory role in the periodontal field remains unknown. We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin and the underlying mechanism in nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells. Pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and IL-12 were monitored using Griess reagents and ELISA. RESULTS Incubation of hPDL cells with apigenin decreased LPS- and nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression and activity. Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells. Hemin, a selective HO-1 inducer, reversed the apigenin-mediated suppression of nicotine- and LPS-induced NO, PGE2 and cytokine production. Treatment with inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, MAPKs, p38, and JNK, as well as a protein kinase C inhibitor, blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in nicotine- and LPS-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Apigenin possesses anti-inflammatory activity in hPDL cells and works through a novel mechanism involving the action of HO-1. Thus, apigenin may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Saeng Jeong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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21
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Krishnan V, Davidovitch Z. On a Path to Unfolding the Biological Mechanisms of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Dent Res 2009; 88:597-608. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034509338914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic forces deform the extracellular matrix and activate cells of the paradental tissues, facilitating tooth movement. Discoveries in mechanobiology have illuminated sequential cellular and molecular events, such as signal generation and transduction, cytoskeletal re-organization, gene expression, differentiation, proliferation, synthesis and secretion of specific products, and apoptosis. Orthodontists work in a unique biological environment, wherein applied forces engender remodeling of both mineralized and non-mineralized paradental tissues, including the associated blood vessels and neural elements. This review aims at identifying events that affect the sequence, timing, and significance of factors that determine the nature of the biological response of each paradental tissue to orthodontic force. The results of this literature review emphasize the fact that mechanoresponses and inflammation are both essential for achieving tooth movement clinically. If both are working in concert, orthodontists might be able to accelerate or decelerate tooth movement by adding adjuvant methods, whether physical, chemical, or surgical.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Krishnan
- Department of Orthodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India; and
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Z. Davidovitch
- Department of Orthodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India; and
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Lee SK, Choi HI, Yang YS, Jeong GS, Hwang JH, Lee SI, Kang KH, Cho JH, Chae JM, Lee SK, Kim YC, Kim EC. Nitric Oxide Modulates Osteoblastic Differentiation with Heme Oxygenase-1 via the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor-kappaB Pathways in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1328-34. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Hee-In Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Yun-Seok Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Eulgi University
| | | | - Joo-Hee Hwang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Sang-Im Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Jin-Hyung Cho
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Jong-Moon Chae
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Suk-Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University
| | | | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
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Lee SK, Min KS, Kim Y, Jeong GS, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Lee SI, Kim YS, Lee YM, Park SJ, Seo SW, Lee SK, Kim EC. Mechanical stress activates proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant defense enzymes in human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2008; 34:1364-1369. [PMID: 18928848 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mechanical stress, particularly cyclic strain, on proinflammatory cytokines as well as antioxidant properties and their interactions with cellular defense systems in human dental pulp (HDP) cells. Exposure of HDP cells to mechanical strain induced inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6, as well as antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutases, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase-1, and glutathione peroxidases. In addition, treatment with N-acetylcysteine, indomethacin, and heme oxygenase-1 inhibitors blocked reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant response element (ARE) gene expression, and Nrf2 accumulation that occurred in response to mechanical stress. These data demonstrate that mechanical strain activates inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, which then act in concert to induce the Nrf2-/ARE-mediated antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, we suggest that the activation of a compensatory adaptation or defense antioxidant system might represent a novel mechanism for protecting HDP cells against mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; Sun-Kyung Lee and Kyung-San Min contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; Sun-Kyung Lee and Kyung-San Min contributed equally to this work
| | - Youngho- Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- Institute for Radiological Imaging Science, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jeong Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Im Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Man Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wan Seo
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Keun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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