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Microtubules as a potential platform for energy transfer in biological systems: a target for implementing individualized, dynamic variability patterns to improve organ function. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:375-392. [PMID: 35829870 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variability characterizes the complexity of biological systems and is essential for their function. Microtubules (MTs) play a role in structural integrity, cell motility, material transport, and force generation during mitosis, and dynamic instability exemplifies the variability in the proper function of MTs. MTs are a platform for energy transfer in cells. The dynamic instability of MTs manifests itself by the coexistence of growth and shortening, or polymerization and depolymerization. It results from a balance between attractive and repulsive forces between tubulin dimers. The paper reviews the current data on MTs and their potential roles as energy-transfer cellular structures and presents how variability can improve the function of biological systems in an individualized manner. The paper presents the option for targeting MTs to trigger dynamic improvement in cell plasticity, regulate energy transfer, and possibly control quantum effects in biological systems. The described system quantifies MT-dependent variability patterns combined with additional personalized signatures to improve organ function in a subject-tailored manner. The platform can regulate the use of MT-targeting drugs to improve the response to chronic therapies. Ongoing trials test the effects of this platform on various disorders.
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2
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Li Y, Wu Q, Hu E, Wang Y, Lu H. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Metabolomes and Lipidomes for Tracking Changes and Therapeutic Response in Traumatic Brain Injury Surrounding Injured Area at Chronic Phase. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1363-1375. [PMID: 33793210 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex disease process that may contribute to temporary or permanent disability. Tracking spatial changes of lipids and metabolites in the brain helps unveil the underlying mechanisms of the disease procession and therapeutic response. Here, the liquid microjunction surface sampling technique was used for mass spectrometry imaging of both lipids and metabolites in rat models of controlled cortical impact with and without XueFu ZhuYu decoction treatment, and the work was focused on the diffuse changes outside the injured area at chronic phase (14 days after injury). Quantitative information was provided for phosphotidylcholines and cerebrosides by adding internal standards in the sampling solvent. With principal component analysis for the imaging data, the midbrain was found to be the region with the largest diffuse changes following TBI outside the injured area. In detail, several phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidic acids, and diacylglycerols were found to be significantly up-regulated particularly in midbrain and thalamus after TBI and XFZY treatment. It is associated with the reported "self-repair" mechanisms at the chronic phase of TBI activated by neuroinflammation. Several glycosphingolipids were found to be increased in most of brain regions after TBI, which was inferred to be associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress triggered by TBI. Moreover, different classes of small matabolites were significantly changed after TBI, including fatty acids, amino acids, and purines. All these compounds were involved in 10 metabolic pathway networks, and 6 target proteins of XFZY were found related to the impacted pathways. These results shed light on the molecular mechanisms of TBI pathologic processes and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - En Hu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
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3
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A synergistic effect of Ambroxol and Beta-Glucosylceramide in alleviating immune-mediated hepatitis: A novel immunomodulatory non-immunosuppressive formulation for treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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4
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Hermier D, Lan A, Tellier F, Blais A, Culetto MG, Mathé V, Bellec Y, Gissot L, Schmidely P, Faure JD. Intestinal Availability and Metabolic Effects of Dietary Camelina Sphingolipids during the Metabolic Syndrome Onset in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:788-798. [PMID: 31852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids appear as a promising class of components susceptible to prevent the onset of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Gut availability and effects of Camelina sativa sphingolipids were investigated in a mouse model of dietary-induced MetS. Seed meals from two Camelina sativa lines enriched, respectively, in C24- and C16-NH2- glycosyl-inositol-phosphoryl-ceramides (NH2GIPC) were used in hypercaloric diets. After 5 weeks on these two hypercaloric diets, two markers of the MetS were alleviated (adiposity and insulin resistance) as well as inflammation markers and colon barrier dysfunction. A more pronounced effect was observed with the C16-NH2GIPC-enriched HC diet, in particular for colon barrier function. Despite a lower digestibility, C16-NH2GIPC were more prevalent in the intestine wall. Sphingolipids provided as camelina meal can therefore counteract some deleterious effects of a hypercaloric diet in mice at the intestinal and systemic levels. Interestingly, these beneficial effects seem partly dependent on sphingolipid acyl chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Hermier
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech , INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech , INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Frédérique Tellier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , 78000 Versailles , France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech , INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005 Paris , France
| | | | - Véronique Mathé
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech , INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Yannick Bellec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , 78000 Versailles , France
| | - Lionel Gissot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , 78000 Versailles , France
| | - Philippe Schmidely
- UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, AgroParisTech , INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Jean-Denis Faure
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , 78000 Versailles , France
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5
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El-Haj M, Kanovitch D, Ilan Y. Personalized inherent randomness of the immune system is manifested by an individualized response to immune triggers and immunomodulatory therapies: a novel platform for designing personalized immunotherapies. Immunol Res 2019; 67:337-347. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Vierling JM, Adams D, Alpini G, Banales JM, Beuers U, Björnsson E, Bowlus C, Carbone M, Chazouillères O, Dalekos G, De Gottardi A, Harada K, Hirschfield G, Invernizzi P, Jones D, Krawitt E, Lanzavecchia A, Lian ZX, Ma X, Manns M, Mavilio D, Quigley EM, Sallusto F, Shimoda S, Strazzabosco M, Swain M, Tanaka A, Trauner M, Tsuneyama K, Zigmond E, Gershwin ME. The challenges of primary biliary cholangitis: What is new and what needs to be done. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102328. [PMID: 31548157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is an uncommon, chronic, cholangiopathy of autoimmune origin and unknown etiology characterized by positive anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA), female preponderance and progression to cirrhosis if left untreated. The diagnosis is based on AMA- or PBC-specific anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)-positivity in the presence of a cholestatic biochemical profile, histologic confirmation being mandatory only in seronegative cases. First-line treatment is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is effective in preventing disease progression in about two thirds of the patients. The only approved second-line treatment is obeticholic acid. This article summarizes the most relevant conclusions of a meeting held in Lugano, Switzerland, from September 23rd-25th 2018, gathering basic and clinical scientists with various background from around the world to discuss the latest advances in PBC research. The meeting was dedicated to Ian Mackay, pioneer in the field of autoimmune liver diseases. The role of liver histology needs to be reconsidered: liver pathology consistent with PBC in AMA-positive individuals without biochemical cholestasis is increasingly reported, raising the question as to whether biochemical cholestasis is a reliable disease marker for both clinical practice and trials. The urgent need for new biomarkers, including more accurate markers of cholestasis, was also widely discussed during the meeting. Moreover, new insights in interactions of bile acids with biliary epithelia in PBC provide solid evidence of a role for impaired epithelial protection against potentially toxic hydrophobic bile acids, raising the fundamental question as to whether this bile acid-induced epithelial damage is the cause or the consequence of the autoimmune attack to the biliary epithelium. Strategies are needed to identify difficult-to-treat patients at an early disease stage, when new therapeutic approaches targeting immunologic pathways, in addition to bile acid-based therapies, may be effective. In conclusion, using interdisciplinary approaches, groundbreaking advances can be expected before long in respect to our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of PBC, with the ultimate aim of improving its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli
- Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK; European Reference Network ERN RARE-LIVER.
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diego Vergani
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - John M Vierling
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Adams
- Birmingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental SciencesMedical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- European Reference Network ERN RARE-LIVER; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Einar Björnsson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Christopher Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marco Carbone
- Division Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza, Italy
| | - Olivier Chazouillères
- European Reference Network ERN RARE-LIVER; Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - George Dalekos
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Research, Laboratory of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Andrea De Gottardi
- European Reference Network ERN RARE-LIVER; Epatocentro Ticino & Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale and Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Gideon Hirschfield
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- European Reference Network ERN RARE-LIVER; Division Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University of Milan-Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza, Italy
| | - David Jones
- Institute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Edward Krawitt
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Eamon Mm Quigley
- Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Swain
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ehud Zigmond
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA.
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7
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Ilan Y. β-Glycosphingolipids as Mediators of Both Inflammation and Immune Tolerance: A Manifestation of Randomness in Biological Systems. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1143. [PMID: 31178868 PMCID: PMC6538797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in biological systems is attributed to the combination of multiple parameters which determine function. These include genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental factors. While biological processes can be viewed as ordered and sequential, biological randomness was suggested to underline part of them. The present review looks into the concept of randomness in biological systems by exploring the glycosphingolipids-NKT cells example. NKT cells are a unique subset of regulatory lymphocytes which play a role in both inflammation and tolerance. Glycosphingolipids promote an immune balance by changing different arms of the immune system in opposing environments. Traditional immunology looks at skewing the immune system into different directions by different types of activation of the same cell stimulation of different cells subsets, use of different ligands, or different the effect of different immune environments. While these may explain some of the effects, the lack of consistency and opposing results under similar settings may involve randomness which may also be part of real life effects of immunomodulatory agents. It means that several of the biological processes, cannot be explained by simple linear models, and may involve more complex concepts. The application for these concepts for improving therapies to patients with Gaucher disease are discussed. SUMMARY The use of different ligands that target a variety of cell subsets in different immune environments may underlie differences in the functionality of NKT cells and their variability in response to NKT-based therapies. The novel concept of randomness in biology means that several biological processes cannot be solely explained by simple linear models and may instead involve much more complicated schemes of random disorder. These may have implications on future design of therapeutic regimens for improving the response to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Martins LS, Nomura DA, Duarte EL, Riske KA, Lamy MT, Rozenfeld JHK. Structural characterization of cationic DODAB bilayers containing C24:1 β-glucosylceramide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:643-650. [PMID: 30611744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 5 mol%, 9 mol%, and 16 mol% of C24:1 β-glucosylceramide (βGlcCer) on the structure of cationic DODAB bilayers was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. βGlcCer is completely miscible with DODAB at all fractions tested, since no domains were observed in fluorescence microscopy or ESR spectra. The latter showed that βGlcCer destabilized the gel phase of DODAB bilayers by decreasing the gel phase packing. As a consequence, βGlcCer induced a decrease in the phase transition temperature and cooperativity of DODAB bilayers, as seen in DSC thermograms. ESR spectra also showed that βGlcCer induced an increase in DODAB fluid phase order and/or rigidity. Despite their different structures, a similar effect of loosening the gel phase packing and turning the fluid phase more rigid/organized has also been observed when low molar fractions of cholesterol were incorporated in DODAB bilayers. The structural characterization of mixed membranes made of cationic lipids and glucosylceramides may be important for developing novel immunotherapeutic tools such as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia S Martins
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Nomura
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro L Duarte
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lamy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio H K Rozenfeld
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ray JL, Kopec AK, Joshi N, Cline-Fedewa H, Lash LH, Williams KJ, Leung PS, Gershwin ME, Luyendyk JP. Trichloroethylene Exposure Reduces Liver Injury in a Mouse Model of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Toxicol Sci 2018; 156:428-437. [PMID: 28115651 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a persistent environmental contaminant proposed to contribute to autoimmune disease. Experimental studies in lupus-prone MRL+/+ mice have suggested that TCE exposure can trigger autoimmune hepatitis. The vast majority of studies examining the connection between TCE and autoimmunity utilize this model, and the impact of TCE exposure in other established models of autoimmune liver disease is not known. We tested the hypothesis that TCE exposure exacerbates experimental hepatic autoimmunity in dominant negative transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (dnTGFBRII) mice, which develop serological and histological features resembling human primary biliary cholangitis. Female 8-week-old wild-type and dnTGFBRII mice were exposed to TCE (0.5 mg/ml) or vehicle (1% ethoxylated castor oil) in the drinking water for 12 or 22 weeks. Liver histopathology in 20- and 30-week-old wild-type mice was unremarkable irrespective of treatment. Mild portal inflammation was observed in vehicle-exposed 20-week-old dnTGFBRII mice and was not exacerbated by TCE exposure. Vehicle-exposed 30-week-old dnTGFBRII mice developed anti-mitochondrial antibodies, marked hepatic inflammation with necrosis, and hepatic accumulation of both B and T lymphocytes. To our surprise, TCE exposure dramatically reduced hepatic parenchymal inflammation and injury in 30-week-old dnTGFBRII mice, reflected by changes in hepatic proinflammatory gene expression, serum chemistry, and histopathology. Interestingly, TCE did not affect hepatic B cell accumulation or induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10. These data indicate that TCE exposure reduces autoimmune liver injury in female dnTGFBRII mice and suggests that the precise effect of environmental chemicals in autoimmunity depends on the experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ray
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
| | - Anna K Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology
| | - Nikita Joshi
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - Lawrence H Lash
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Patrick S Leung
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Khoury T, Rotnemer-Golinkin D, Shabat Y, Zolotarovya L, Ilan Y. Oral Co-administration of Soy-derived Extracts with Alcohol or with Sugar-sweetened Beverages Exerts Liver and Sugar Protective Effects. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2017; 5:208-215. [PMID: 28936402 PMCID: PMC5606967 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Both alcoholic drinks and high sugar-containing soft drinks cause major health problems worldwide. Oral administration of OS and M1 soy-derived extracts has been shown to alleviate liver injury in animal models. The aim of the present study was to determine the liver- and sugar-protective effect of OS and M1 soy-derived extracts when added to alcohol and sugar-enriched drinks. Methods: Mice were treated with alcohol or high sugar-containing drinks, with and without administration of a combination of OS and M1 soy extracts. Mice were observed for the effects on liver injury, glucose metabolism, and the immune system. Results: Co-administration of the soy extracts OS and M1 significantly alleviated the liver injury induced by acute alcohol, as evidenced by decreased liver enzymes. These beneficial effects were associated with promotion of subsets of regulatory T lymphocytes and with a trend towards a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory cytokine shift. Co-administration of OS M1 soy extracts with sugar-sweetened beverages significantly alleviated the increases in serum sugar levels. Conclusions: OS and M1 extracts exert a synergistic hepato- and glucose-protective effect in models of alcohol-induced liver damage and soft drinks-associated increases in serum glucose. These extracts may provide a solution to the two pressing health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Khoury
- *Correspondence to: Tawfik Khoury, Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, PO Box 1200, Jerusalem IL 91120, Israel. Tel: +972-509870611, E-mails: ,
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11
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Ishay Y, Zimran A, Szer J, Dinur T, Ilan Y, Arkadir D. Combined beta-glucosylceramide and ambroxol hydrochloride in patients with Gaucher related Parkinson disease: From clinical observations to drug development. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 68:117-120. [PMID: 27866808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both patients with non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease (GD) and heterozygous GBA mutation carrier are at increased risk for Parkinson disease (PD). The risk for PD in these groups does not linearly increase with glucosylceramide (GC) accumulation or with acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity. This observation, together with other clinical systemic observations raises the possibility that extra-cellular GC actually has beneficial, anti-inflammatory, properties. Based on this hypothesis, we suggest here that the administration of supplementary oral GC to GBA carriers at risk for PD may slow inflammatory-driven secondary neuronal death. Such a treatment may act synergistically in GBA carriers once given in combination with an agent that prevent the primary pathologic process that leads to cell death. Ambroxol hydrochloride, a pharmacological chaperone, which reduces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by accumulation of mutant misfolded GCase could serve as such an agent. The efficacy of this combined therapy, derived from clinical observations, in vivo and in vitro studies, should be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jeffrey Szer
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tama Dinur
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Arkadir
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center and the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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12
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Chang CH, Chen YC, Zhang W, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME, Chuang YH. Innate immunity drives the initiation of a murine model of primary biliary cirrhosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121320. [PMID: 25807531 PMCID: PMC4373957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play complex roles in bridging innate and adaptive immunity by engaging with glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d. Our earlier work suggested that iNKT cells were involved in the initiation of the original loss of tolerance in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). To address this issue in more detail and, in particular, to focus on whether iNKT cells activated by a Th2-biasing agonist (2s,3s,4r)-1-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-N-tetracosanoyl-2-amino-1,3,4-nonanetriol (OCH), can influence the development of PBC in a xenobiotic-induced PBC murine model. Groups of mice were treated with either OCH or, as a control, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and thence serially followed for cytokine production, markers of T cell activation, liver histopathology and anti-mitochondrial antibody responses. Further, additional groups of CD1d deleted mice were similarly studied. Our data indicate that administration of OCH has a dramatic influence with exacerbation of portal inflammation and hepatic fibrosis similar to mice treated with α-GalCer. Further, iNKT cell deficient CD1d knockout mice have decreased inflammatory portal cell infiltrates and reduced anti-mitochondrial antibody responses. We submit that activation of iNKT cells can occur via overlapping and/or promiscuous pathways and highlight the critical role of innate immunity in the natural history of autoimmune cholangitis. These data have implications for humans with PBC and emphasize that therapeutic strategies must focus not only on suppressing adaptive responses, but also innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Weici Zhang
- Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Patrick S. C. Leung
- Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Shi TY, Zhang FC. Role of autoimmunity in primary biliary cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:7141-8. [PMID: 23326118 PMCID: PMC3544015 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i48.7141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the presence of serum autoantibodies and chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis. The pathogenesis of PBC involves environmental factors, genetic predisposition and loss of immune tolerance. In recent years, it has become univocally accepted that an inappropriately activated immune response is one of the most important factors in PBC. In this study, the role of autoimmunity in PBC is summarized and a feasible research orientation is recommended.
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Gonzalez-Carmona MA, Sandhoff R, Tacke F, Vogt A, Weber S, Canbay AE, Rogler G, Sauerbruch T, Lammert F, Yildiz Y. Beta-glucosidase 2 knockout mice with increased glucosylceramide show impaired liver regeneration. Liver Int 2012; 32:1354-62. [PMID: 22764777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glycolipids have been shown to serve specialized functions in cell signalling, proliferation and differentiation processes, which are all important during liver regeneration. We previously generated beta-glucosidase 2 (GBA2) knockout mice that accumulate the glycolipid glucosylceramide in various tissues, including the liver. The present study addressed the role of GBA2-deficiency and subsequent glucosylceramide accumulation in liver regeneration. METHODS Gba2 knockout and wild-type mice were subjected to two-third partial hepatectomy. Mice were sacrificed at different time points, blood was collected, and the remnant liver was removed. Glucosylceramide and ceramide were quantified using mass spectrometry from whole liver and isolated hepatocytes. Serum and hepatocytic supernatant of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β levels were measured using ELISA. Cell signalling proteins were analysed using immunoblots. RESULTS Regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy showed a significant increase of hepatic glucosylceramide in GBA2-deficient mice compared to controls. Accumulation of glucosylceramide was associated with a delay in liver regeneration and reduced serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Furthermore, reduced IL-6 led to decreased expression of the phosphorylated form of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (P-STAT3). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that increased glucosylceramide affects cytokine- and growth factor-mediated signalling pathways during liver regeneration. Thus, the repression of IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway seems to be one of the mechanisms for the delay of liver regeneration in GBA2-deficient mice.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a human autoimmune liver disease whose molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood because of the difficulty in accessing human tissue and the absence of appropriate animal models. Recently, several unique murine models of human PBC have been discovered. These models have great potential for illustrating the cause and the cellular events that lead to biliary-specific damage. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress in these models. RECENT FINDINGS The murine models of autoimmune cholangitis include the transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGF-betaRII) dominant-negative (dnTGF-betaRII), IL-2 receptor alpha deleted (IL-2Ralpha-/-), scurfy, nonobese diabetic (NOD) c3c4, and Ae2 gene-disrupted (Ae2a,b-/-) mice. Recently, we have also established a successful murine model following the immunization with a chemical mimicry of the lipoyl-lysine residue of the E2 component of PDC-E2. SUMMARY These emerging murine models have greatly enabled researchers to address the pathogenesis of human PBC and to elucidate pathogenic factors. These models will ultimately lead to new therapeutic options for human PBC.
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