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Zhang Q, Luo Y, Zheng Q, Zhao H, Wei X, Li X. Itaconate attenuates autoimmune hepatitis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated inhibition of dendritic cell maturation and autophagy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17551. [PMID: 37449121 PMCID: PMC10336503 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) results from an autoimmune-mediated chronic inflammatory response against liver cells. Defective self-tolerance and dysfunctional dendritic cells (DCs) play a regulatory role in AIH. Itaconate has recently attracted attention in the field of immunometabolism because of its crucial role as an anti-inflammatory metabolite that negatively regulates the inflammatory response. However, the underlying mechanism of itaconate mediation of DCs in AIH remains unclear. In this study, we found that itaconate acts as an anti-inflammatory factor in the liver. Endogenous itaconate levels were significantly increased in mice with S100-induced AIH model and correlated with upregulation of the immune-responsive gene 1 expression. However, the anti-inflammatory response from endogenously itaconate may not represent the effects exogenously-produced itaconate. We investigated the anti-inflammatory response from exogenous itaconate in S100-induced AIH, and our results showed that itaconate treatment attenuated liver histopathological damage, hepatocyte apoptosis, aminotransferase elevation, and IL-6 production in the S100-induced AIH model. In addition, Itaconate decreased glycolysis to suppress the maturation of DCs in the liver and spleen of AIH models, thereby directly regulating differentiation of Th17 and Tregs in vivo. The percentage of Th17 cells among the CD4+ population were decreased and Tregs were increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Itaconate-induced bone marrow-derived monocytes suppressed CD4+cells proliferation. In vitro and in vivo, we found that itaconate suppressed autophagy via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in bone marrow-derived DCs and liver tissues. We further investigated the function of Itaconate on DC-specific mTOR-deficient mice. mTOR-deficient DCs augmented inflammatory reactions in mTORDC-/- AIH mice and induced autophagy. MHY1485 (an agonist of mTOR) and itaconate significantly alleviated the inflammatory reaction and autophagy signalling. In conclusion, itaconate ameliorate liver inflammation in S100-induced AIH mice by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to decrease DCs autophagy and maturation. These results provide insight useful for treating AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Zheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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Liu Y, Hao H, Hou T. Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis model in mice: Mechanisms and future outlook. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:91-101. [PMID: 35291566 PMCID: PMC8886606 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury mouse model is a typical animal model focusing on T cell-dependent hepatic damage in the field of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the underlying mechanism of hepatic dysfunction due to cell activation or signaling pathways triggered by Con A has not been fully clarified. Therefore, the controversy on this model remains in the academic community. In this article, we first summarized the merit and demerit of this contentious model from the perspectives of cell dysfunction, microcirculation disturbance, involved signaling pathways, as well as the properties of Con A. Then, we summed up the scientific implications of the model in elucidating the pathogenesis of AIH, and the shortcomings of this model were also summarized to elucidate the pathogenesis and application prospect of this classical liver injury mouse model in the study of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
| | - Huiqin Hao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
| | - Tiezheng Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
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Tan K, Xie X, Shi W, Miao L, Dong X, Yang W, Shao C, Zhao H, Wang Y, Wang G, Hou F, Hong Y. Deficiency of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling in hepatic dendritic cells triggers autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int 2020; 40:131-140. [PMID: 31505100 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease manifested with the aberrant activation of hepatic dendritic cells (HDCs) and the subsequent breakdown of immune homeostasis. As an important player, HDC maintains immunological balance between tolerance to self-antigens versus destruction against pathogens in liver. However, the intracellular signalling networks that program HDC remain unclear. We have now found the role of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling in HDCs. METHODS Liver sections from AIH patients and healthy subjects were stained for the markers of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Concanavalin A (ConA) and HDC/Hepa1-6 vaccine-induced AIH mouse models were examined for liver injury, inflammation and immune cell functions by serum biochemistry, histology, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry analysis. Wnt/β-catenin signalling expression was measured using immunoblot and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling in HDC is deficient in AIH patients and a mouse model, which coincides with the immunogenic function of HDCs. Furthermore, Wnt ligand engagement reactivates Wnt/β-catenin signalling and recovers the immunoregulatory phenotype of HDCs, in turn alleviating the severity of AIH. Likewise, pharmacologic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling attenuates AIH progression. CONCLUSIONS We report here that the constitutively active canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling confers HDCs tolerogenicity under steady-state conditions. Deficiency of this pathway gives rise to T cell-mediated immune response and incidence of AIH. It may act as a new pathogenesis and treatment target for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangan Tan
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehai Xie
- General Surgery Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wanwan Shi
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Miao
- Qinhuangdao Third Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dong
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wanna Yang
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Pathology Department, Capital Medical University Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Hou
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yang Y, Tu ZK, Liu XK, Zhang P. Mononuclear phagocyte system in hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4962-4973. [PMID: 30510371 PMCID: PMC6262249 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i44.4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), which consists of monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages, plays a vital role in the innate immune defense against pathogens. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is efficient in evading the host immunity, thereby facilitating its development into chronic infection. Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of end-stage liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acquired immune response was regarded as the key factor to eradicate HCV. However, innate immunity can regulate the acquired immune response. Innate immunity-derived cytokines shape the adaptive immunity by regulating T-cell differentiation, which determines the outcome of acute HCV infection. Inhibition of HCV-specific T-cell responses is one of the most important strategies for immune system evasion. It is meaningful to illustrate the role of innate immune response in HCV infection. With the MPS being the important factor in innate immunity, therefore, understanding the role of the MPS in HCV infection will shed light on the pathophysiology of chronic HCV infection. In this review, we outline the impact of HCV infection on the MPS and cytokine production. We discuss how HCV is detected by the MPS and describe the function and impairment of MPS components in HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Tu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xing-Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Liu HM, Lin R, Song Y, Liu WT. Adoptive immunotherapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1434-1438. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i24.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease caused by an autoimmune disorder, which has attracted more and more attention due to its unique clinical and pathological features. European epidemiological data show that the incidence of AIH is increasing year by year, but its pathogenesis is not yet clear, and the targeted treatments are limited. Immunotherapy of autoimmune hepatitis has been extensively studied in recent years, especially in the area of adoptive immunotherapy. In this paper, we summarize the functional mechanism and clinical applications of adoptive immunotherapy with different kinds of immunocompetent cells in the treatment of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wen-Tian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
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Noh JR, Kim YH, Kim DK, Hwang JH, Kim KS, Choi DH, Lee SJ, Lee HG, Lee TG, Weng HL, Dooley S, Choi HS, Lee CH. Small Heterodimer Partner Deficiency Increases Inflammatory Liver Injury Through C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2-Driven Neutrophil Recruitment in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:254-264. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Center for Nano Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Hong-Lei Weng
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
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Abstract
The intravenous injection of the plant lectin concanavalin A (ConA) is a widely used model for acute immune-mediated hepatitis in mice. In contrast to several other models for acute hepatic damage, ConA-induced injury is primarily driven by the activation and recruitment of T cells to the liver. Hence, the ConA model has unique features with respect to its pathogenesis and important similarities to immune-mediated hepatitis in humans, such as autoimmune hepatitis, acute viral hepatitis or distinct entities of drug toxicity leading to immune activation. However, the ConA model has considerable variability, depending on the preparation of the compound, genetic background of the mice, sex, age and microbial environment of the animal facility barrier. This standard operating procedure (SOP) comprises a detailed protocol for the ConA application, including preparation of ConA working solution, handling of the animals, choice of the appropriate conditions and endpoints, as well as efficient dose-finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heymann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Hamesch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany for the Transregional Collaborative Research Center 'Organ Fibrosis: From Mechanisms of Injury to Modulation of Disease' (SFB/TRR57)
| | - F Tacke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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White AG, Wolsic CL, Campbell KL, Lavergne SN. Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes express various inflammatory markers, including interleukin-8 and CD40, which are affected by certain antibiotics. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:493-502, e81-2. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G. White
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Cassandra L. Wolsic
- Comparative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 2001 South Lincoln Avenue Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Karen L. Campbell
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Sidonie N. Lavergne
- Comparative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 2001 South Lincoln Avenue Urbana IL 61802 USA
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Xia S, Han M, Li X, Cheng L, Qiang Y, Wu S, Zhang M, Xu H, Liu X, Shao Q. Dietary fish oil exacerbates concanavalin A induced hepatitis through promoting hepatocyte apoptosis and altering immune cell populations. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:179-90. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
- Institute of Clinic Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Mutian Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Yetao Qiang
- Institute of Clinic Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Shuiyun Wu
- Institute of Clinic Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
- Institute of Clinic Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
- Institute of Clinic Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, China
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Kim HW, Cho SI, Bae S, Kim H, Kim Y, Hwang YI, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Vitamin C Up-regulates Expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC Class II on Dendritic Cell Line, DC-1 Via the Activation of p38 MAPK. Immune Netw 2012; 12:277-83. [PMID: 23396903 PMCID: PMC3566423 DOI: 10.4110/in.2012.12.6.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient which primarily exerts its effect on host defense mechanisms and immune homeostasis, but the mechanism related to immune-potentiation is poorly understood. Since dendritic cells (DCs) are known as a potent antigen presenting cell (APC) that could enhance the antigen specific immune responses, we investigate the effects of vitamin C on activation of DCs and its related mechanism by using dendritic cell lines, DC-1. First, we found that there was no damage on DC-1 by 2.5 mM of vitamin C. In the presence of vitamin C, the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC molecules was increased, but it was decreased by the pre-treatment of SB203580, p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor. We confirmed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was increased by the treatment of vitamin C. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin C could enhance the activity of dendritic cells via the up-regulation of the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC molecules and the activation of p38 MAPK is related to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan 626-870, Korea
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