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Trotter N, White J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour-induced hypercalcaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e243613. [PMID: 37967927 PMCID: PMC10660897 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcaemia is recognised as the most common oncological metabolic emergency, with several proposed underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, hypercalcaemia has been rarely reported as a complication in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). GISTs are uncommon mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. There are only nine previous cases of hypercalcaemia occurring in patients with GIST reported in the literature. We report a case of a man in his 70s with a background of metastatic GIST on fourth-line treatment. The patient presented with new hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury. Despite medical management, his calcium remained elevated and he deteriorated secondary to significant disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Trotter
- Internal Medicine, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jeff White
- Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
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Herrera-Martínez Y, Contreras González MJ, Pedraza-Arévalo S, Guerrero Martínez MDC, Rodrigo Martínez Á, González Menchen A, Blanco Molina MA, Gálvez-Moreno MA, Moreno-Vega AL, Luque RM, Herrera-Martínez AD. Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia, Somatostatin Receptors Expression and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3-1α- Hydroxylase in GIST Tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:812385. [PMID: 35154010 PMCID: PMC8826724 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.812385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcemia is a common complication in cancer patients Mainly caused by Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion and metastasis. Calcitriol secretion is a rare source of hypercalcemia in solid tumors, especially in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). We present a case report of a female patient with a 23 cm gastric GIST that expressed somatostatin-receptors and presented with severe hypercalcemia due to calcitriol secretion. Calcium control was achieved with medical treatment before the use of targeted-directed therapies. Surgery was performed and allowed complete tumor resection. Two years later, patient remains free of disease. Molecular analysis revealed the mRNA expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase (1αOHase) and vitamin-D receptors in the tumor cells, confirming the calcitriol-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, the expression of the endotoxin recognition factors CD14 and TLR4 suggests an inflammatory mediated mechanism. Finally, the expression of somatostatin-receptors, especially SST2 might have been related with clinical evolution and prognosis in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiraldine Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - María José Contreras González
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arévalo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria del Carmen Guerrero Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Rodrigo Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto González Menchen
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Pathology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Blanco Molina
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto L. Moreno-Vega
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aura D. Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aura D. Herrera-Martínez,
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Hart T, Sinitsky D, Shamsiddinova A, Rohatgi A. Refractory hypercalcaemia secondary to localised gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:e136-e138. [PMID: 29658339 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours are a rare form of intra-abdominal neoplasm derived from mesenchymal tissue, typically presenting with abdominal pain, anaemia or bleeding into the bowel or abdominal cavity. Hypercalcaemia is an unusual complication, having been documented in only seven previous patients, all of whom had advanced metastatic disease. We present a case of treatment-resistant hypercalcaemia in a patient with non-metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour, which resolved following excision of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hart
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust , London , UK
| | - D Sinitsky
- Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London , UK
| | - A Shamsiddinova
- East Kent University Hospitals NHS Trust , Canterbury, Kent , UK
| | - A Rohatgi
- Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London , UK
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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Induced Hypercalcemia. Case Rep Oncol Med 2017; 2017:4972017. [PMID: 28484656 PMCID: PMC5397646 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4972017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcemia in patients with cancer is a common laboratory finding affecting up to 44% of that patient population. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 mediated hypercalcemia is one of the rare mechanisms of this endocrine emergency in cancer patients. It is even rarer for solid organ neoplasms to present with hypercalcemia mediated through the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We report a case of a 77-year-old female who presented to the hospital with hypercalcemia and later was found to have metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. There have been only 5 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor described in literature resulting in hypercalcemia. In our case, the mechanism of hypercalcemia was thought to be related to overproduction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin by tumor cells. The patient had a favorable response to imatinib with normalization of serum calcium level. Unfortunately, she developed fluid retention due to imatinib which was discontinued resulting in relapse of hypercalcemia that was resistant to all other treatment options.
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Hygum K, Wulff CN, Harsløf T, Boysen AK, Rossen PB, Langdahl BL, Safwat AA. Hypercalcemia in metastatic GIST caused by systemic elevated calcitriol: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:788. [PMID: 26499069 PMCID: PMC4619287 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercalcemia is the most common oncologic metabolic emergency but very rarely observed in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumour, which is a rare mesenchymal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. We describe a case of hypercalcemia caused by elevated levels of activated vitamin D in a patient with gastrointestinal tumour. Prior to this case report, only one paper has reported an association between hypercalcemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and elevated levels of vitamin D. Case presentation An otherwise healthy 70-year-old Caucasian woman, previously treated for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumour, was diagnosed with liver metastasis, and relapse of gastrointestinal stromal tumour was confirmed by biopsy. At presentation, the patient suffered from severe symptoms of hypercalcemia. The most common causes of hypercalcemia, hyperparathyrodism, parathyroid hormone-related peptide secretion from tumour cells, and metastatic bone disease, were all dismissed as the etiology. Analysis of vitamin D subtypes revealed normal levels of both 25-OH Vitamin D2 and 25-OH Vitamin D3, whereas the level of activated vitamin D, 1,25 OH Vitamin D3, also referred to as calcitriol, was elevated. Conclusion The fact that plasma calcitriol decreased after initiation of oncological treatment and the finding that hypercalcemia did not recur during treatment support the conclusion that elevated calcitriol was a consequence of the gastrointestinal stromal tumour. We suggest that gastrointestinal stromal tumours should be added to the list of causes of humoral hypercalcemia in malignancy, and propose that gastrointestinal stromal tumour tissue may have high activity of the specific enzyme 1α-hydroxylase, which can lead to increased levels of calcitriol and secondarily hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Hygum
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, C, Denmark.
| | - Christian Nielsen Wulff
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000, Aarhus, C, Denmark.
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, C, Denmark.
| | - Anders Kindberg Boysen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000, Aarhus, C, Denmark.
| | - Philip Blach Rossen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000, Aarhus, C, Denmark.
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, C, Denmark.
| | - Akmal Ahmed Safwat
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000, Aarhus, C, Denmark.
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Cimic A, Pastan SO, Bijol V. Membranous nephropathy associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a case report. NDT Plus 2009; 2:306-8. [PMID: 25984023 PMCID: PMC4421245 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfp028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in older adults. The association of MN with neoplasia has been controversial, but several recent studies have shown increase incidence of cancer in patients with MN [1]. We report a case of a 49-year-old male with severe nephrotic syndrome and concomitant jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). The combination of preoperative Imatinib mesylate chemotherapy and tumour excision was followed by complete resolution of proteinuria within 19 months, without specific treatment for MN. An association between MN and GIST has never previously been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Cimic
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital
| | - Stephen O. Pastan
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vanesa Bijol
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital
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