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Dotremont H, France A, Heinrichs C, Tenoutasse S, Brachet C, Cools M, De Waele K, Massa G, Lebrethon MC, Gies I, Van Besien J, Derycke C, Ziraldo M, De Schepper J, Beauloye V, Verhulst S, Rooman R, den Brinker M. Efficacy and safety of a 4-year combination therapy of growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue in pubertal girls with short predicted adult height. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1113750. [PMID: 37008942 PMCID: PMC10064858 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve adult height in pubertal girls with a poor height prediction, treatment with growth hormone (GH) can be used in combination with a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), to delay closure of the growth plates. However, there are few studies to support this practice, and they show conflicting results. The objective of this trial is to assess the safety and efficacy of this combination treatment in early pubertal girls with a short predicted height, in comparison with matched controls. DESIGN PATIENTS AND METHODS We designed an open-label, multicenter, interventional case-control study. Early pubertal girls with predicted adult height (PAH) below -2.5 SDS, were recruited in tertiary care centers in Belgium. They were treated for four years with GH and GnRHa. The girls were followed until adult height (AH) was reached. AH vs PAH, AH vs Height at start, and AH vs Target Height (TH) were evaluated, as well as safety parameters. Control data were assembled from historical patient files or from patients who preferred not to participate in the study. RESULTS Sixteen girls with mean age ( ± SD) at start of 11.0 years (± 1.3) completed the study protocol and follow-up. Their mean height ( ± SD) increased from 131.3 ± 4.1 cm (-2.3 ± 0.7 SDS) at start of treatment to 159.8 ± 4.7 cm (-1.1 ± 0.7 SDS) at AH. In matched controls, height increased from 132.3 ± 4.2 cm (-2.4 ± 0.5 SDS) to 153.2 ± 3.4 cm (-2.1 ± 0.6 SDS) (p<0.001). AH surpassed initial PAH by 12.0 ± 2.6 cm in treated girls; and by 4.2 ± 3.6 cm in the controls (p<0.001). Most treated girls reached normal adult height (>-2SD) (87.5%) and 68.7% reached or superseded the target height (TH), which was the case in only a minority of the controls (37.5% and 6.2%, respectively) (p= 0.003 and 0.001). A serious adverse event possibly related to the treatment, was a fracture of the metatarsals. CONCLUSION A four-year GH/GnRHa treatment in early pubertal girls with a poor PAH seems safe and results in a clinically relevant and statistically significant increase in AH compared with matched historical controls. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00840944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Dotremont
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hilde Dotremont,
| | - Annick France
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Claudine Heinrichs
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Tenoutasse
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Brachet
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Cools
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen De Waele
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Massa
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Inge Gies
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jesse Van Besien
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Derycke
- Belgian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BESPEED), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Ziraldo
- Unité d ‘Endocrinologie Pédiatrique Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean De Schepper
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Beauloye
- Unité d ‘Endocrinologie Pédiatrique Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verhulst
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Marieke den Brinker
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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Han X, He Y, Zeng G, Wang Y, Sun W, Liu J, Sun Y, Yu J. Intracerebroventricular injection of RFRP-3 delays puberty onset and stimulates growth hormone secretion in female rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:35. [PMID: 28464910 PMCID: PMC5414188 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puberty onset is a complex, organized biological process with multilevel regulation, and its physiopathological mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. RFRP-3, the mammalian ortholog to gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, is implicated in inhibiting the synthesis and release of gonadotropin in mammals. However, it is unclear whether RFRP-3 participates in regulating pubertal development. METHODS This study investigated the functional significance and regulatory mechanism of hypothalamic RFRP-3 neuropeptide in the onset of puberty in young female rats. On postnatal day 22, we implanted cannulas into the lateral ventricles of female rat pups. From postnatal day 28 to postnatal day 36, the intracerebroventricular injection of RFRP-3, or vehicle, was conducted twice a day. To investigate whether puberty onset was affected, we examined the body weight, age of vaginal opening, serum hormone levels, uterus and ovary development, and hypothalamic Kiss-1 mRNA expression. RESULTS Intracerebroventricular injection of RFRP-3 significantly decreased the serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone and estradiol, delayed uterine maturation, and postponed the time of vaginal opening. This study suggests that RFRP-3 can delay the onset of puberty in young female rats; the expression of Kiss-1 mRNA is potently inhibited in the RFRP-3 group. Moreover, our data show that RFRP-3 elevates serum growth hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that intracerebroventricular injection of RFRP-3 significantly delays the onset of puberty in female rats. Additionally, RFRP-3 may be associated with prepubertal rise in the secretion of growth hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Han
- 0000 0004 0407 2968grid.411333.7Department of Integrative Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, No.399, Wan Yuan Road, Min Hang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- 0000 0004 0407 2968grid.411333.7Department of Integrative Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, No.399, Wan Yuan Road, Min Hang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Gulan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiamen Hospital of T.C.M, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- 0000 0004 0407 2968grid.411333.7Department of Integrative Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, No.399, Wan Yuan Road, Min Hang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sun
- 0000 0004 0407 2968grid.411333.7Department of Integrative Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, No.399, Wan Yuan Road, Min Hang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- 0000 0004 0407 2968grid.411333.7Department of Integrative Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, No.399, Wan Yuan Road, Min Hang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- 0000 0004 0407 2968grid.411333.7Department of Integrative Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, No.399, Wan Yuan Road, Min Hang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- 0000 0004 0407 2968grid.411333.7Department of Integrative Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, No.399, Wan Yuan Road, Min Hang District, Shanghai, China
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van der Kaay D, Bakker B, van der Hulst F, Mul D, Mulder J, Schroor E, van Elswijk D, Rowaan I, Willeboer M, de Ridder M, Hokken-Koelega A. Randomized GH trial with two different dosages in combination with a GnRH analogue in short small for gestational age children: effects on metabolic profile and serum GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 162:887-95. [PMID: 20176737 DOI: 10.1530/eje-09-1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GnRH analogue (GnRHa) combined with GH treatment has been proposed to increase adult height. Effect on metabolic profile and GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels in short small for gestational age (SGA) children is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess fat mass and lean body mass SDS, percentage trunk fat, blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity (Si), beta-cell function (disposition index, DI), lipid profile, and GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels during 2 years of combined treatment. SUBJECTS Forty-one pubertal short SGA children with a mean (+/-S.D.) age of 12.1 (+/-1.0) years. DESIGN Children received 3.75 mg of leuprolide acetate depot subcutaneously every 4 weeks, and they were randomly assigned to receive 1 mg (group A) or 2 mg (group B) of GH/m(2) per day. RESULTS Percentage trunk fat increased in both groups, but to a lower extent in group B. Lean body mass SDS increased only in group B. Changes in BP, Si, DI, and lipids were similar in both groups. Si significantly decreased, but DI remained unchanged. Lipids remained normal. GH and IGF1 levels were significantly higher in group B. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to report that 2 years of combined treatment with a GnRHa and either 1 or 2 mg GH/m(2) per day does not adversely affect body composition and metabolic profile of short SGA children who come under medical attention at the onset of puberty. There was a dose-dependent effect on fat mass SDS(height), percentage trunk fat, lean body mass SDS(height), and GH and IGF1 levels in favor of treatment with GnRHa and the higher GH dose of 2 mg/m(2) per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle van der Kaay
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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