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Tasnim S, Nyholt DR. Migraine and thyroid dysfunction: Co-occurrence, shared genes and biological mechanisms. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1815-1827. [PMID: 36807966 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Migraine and thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, are common medical conditions and are known to have high heritability. Thyroid function measures, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4), are also known to be genetically influenced. Although observational epidemiological studies report an increased co-occurrence of migraine and thyroid dysfunction, a clear and combined interpretation of the findings is currently lacking. A narrative review is provided of the epidemiological and genetic association evidence linking migraine, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyroid hormones TSH and fT4. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for epidemiological, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies using the terms migraine, headache, thyroid hormones, TSH, fT4, thyroid function, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. RESULTS Epidemiological studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction. However, the nature of the relationship remains unclear, with some studies suggesting migraine increases the risk for thyroid dysfunction whilst other studies suggest the reverse. Early candidate gene studies have provided nominal evidence for MTHFR and APOE, whilst more recently genome-wide association studies have provided robust evidence for THADA and ITPK1 being associated with both migraine and thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These genetic associations improve our understanding of the genetic relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction, provide an opportunity to develop biomarkers to identify migraine patients most likely to benefit from thyroid hormone therapy, and indicate that further cross-trait genetic studies have excellent potential to provide biological insight into their relationship and inform clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tasnim
- Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Yang R, Pu D, Tan R, Wu J. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) with thyroid dysfunction: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:551-581. [PMID: 35758831 PMCID: PMC10697641 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that two common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) might correlate with thyroid dysfunction, but the results remain inconsistent. We carried out a meta-analysis aiming to assess the relationship of both polymorphisms with thyroid dysfunction. The PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), CBMdisc (China Biology Medicine disc), WeiPu and Wanfang databases were searched up to September 2021. Case-control and cohort studies on MTHFR polymorphism and thyroid dysfunction were identified. Eight studies from six publications were finally included in our meta-analysis, including 817 patients and 566 controls. After pooled analysis, we found that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism (TT vs. CC+CT/recessive model: OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.02-4.20, P = 0.04; TT vs. CC/homozygote model: OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.13-4.86, P = 0.02), while trial sequential analysis (TSA) revealed that it could be a false positive result. The MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was related to a decreased risk of hypothyroidism (C vs. A/allele model: OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.92, P = 0.02; CC vs. AC+AA/recessive model: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.79, P = 0.007; CC vs. AA/homozygote model: OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25-0.85, P = 0.02), which was conclusive according to TSA. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that MTHFR A1298C seems to be a protective factor for hypothyroidism, while the MTHFR C677T polymorphism may be a risk factor. However, more well-designed studies with larger sample sizes are needed to obtain more reliable results of the association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Danhua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Nanjing, China,
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Torres-Sánchez L, Gamboa R, Bassol-Mayagoitia S, Huesca-Gómez C, Nava MP, Vázquez-Potisek JI, Yáñez-Estrada L, Mejía-Saucedo R, Blanco-Muñoz J. Para-occupational exposure to pesticides, PON1 polymorphisms and hypothyroxinemia during the first half of pregnancy in women living in a Mexican floricultural area. Environ Health 2019; 18:33. [PMID: 30975138 PMCID: PMC6460535 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate maternal thyroxine (T4) concentrations during the first half of pregnancy are fundamental to the embryo's or fetus' neural development. Organophosphate pesticides (OP) can act as thyroid disruptors and genetic polymorphisms for paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme that detoxifies OP, could be involved in individual's susceptibility to them. We assessed the association between para-occupational exposure to pesticides, including OP, during pregnancy and maternal hypothyroxinemia, as well as the potential genetic susceptibility conferred by PON1 polymorphisms. METHODS We analyzed information from 381 healthy pregnant women (< 17 gestational weeks), who lived in a floricultural region of Mexico where pesticides, including OP, are routinely used. Women who were para-occupationally exposed to pesticides were those whose partner had an occupation involving contact with these products. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and free T4 concentrations were determined using ELISA, and hypothyroxinemia was defined as free T4 concentrations <0.76 ng/dL. PON1192QR, PON155LM and PON1-108CT polymorphisms were determined through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The association between para-occupational exposure and genetic polymorphisms and hypothyroxinemia was estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS One hundred and sixty two women (42.52%) were classified as para-occupationally exposed to pesticides. Hypothyroxinemia prevalence was 54%, and it was not significantly associated with pesticide para-occupational exposure (OR: 1.21 95% CI 0.75-1.94). Independently of para-occupational exposure, the likelihood of hypothyroxinemia was higher among women who were carriers of PON155MM than in those with PON155LL genotype (OR MM vs LL: 3.03; 95%CI 1.62, 5.70). PON1192 RR (OR RR vs QQ: 1.72; 95%CI 0.93, 3.17) and PON1-108TT (OR TT vs CC: 1.60; 95%CI 0.90, 2.70) genotypes were marginally associated with hypothyroxinemia. No significant interaction was observed between pesticides para-occupational exposure and PON1 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PON1 polymorphisms could affect thyroid function during pregnancy in women living in areas where pesticides, including OP, are routinely used. Low exposure variability in this population, could be a possible explanation for the lack of association between para-occupational exposure and thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, 14080 Mexico City, C.P Mexico
| | - Susana Bassol-Mayagoitia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Morelos 900, 27000 Torreón, Coahuila, C.P Mexico
| | - Claudia Huesca-Gómez
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, 14080 Mexico City, C.P Mexico
| | - Martha Patricia Nava
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Morelos 900, 27000 Torreón, Coahuila, C.P Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Yáñez-Estrada
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí, Venustiano Carranza 2405. San Luis Potosí, 78000 San Luís Potosí, C.P Mexico
| | - Rebeca Mejía-Saucedo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí, Venustiano Carranza 2405. San Luis Potosí, 78000 San Luís Potosí, C.P Mexico
| | - Julia Blanco-Muñoz
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP Mexico
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Abstract
Objectives Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals. Moreover, hypothyroidism has been identified as one of the risk factors that may contribute to the development of AD. Here, we investigated whether there was a correlation among expression levels of proteins involved in the formation of AD lesions, neurite outgrowth, and thyroid hormone levels. Methods Cells were grown in media supplemented with different levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and then processed for neurite outgrowth and to prepare RNA samples. RNA samples were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. Protein levels were measured using in cell-Western blotting analysis. Results By using neurite outgrowth studies, it was demonstrated that T3 treatment enhanced neurite outgrowth in NS-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR studies further confirmed that NS-1 cells expressed substantial levels of TRα and significantly less TRβ, either of which could be responsible for the T3-dependent effects on neurite outgrowth. Although the overall tau protein expression was not affected in response to T3 treatment, the splicing of tau exon 10 was impacted in the direction of producing more tau molecules that excluded the exon (tau 3R). Conclusion The results of this study are critical not only to understand the probable link between hypothyroidism and AD but also in providing the basis for future prevention and treatment of AD in hypothyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldham Ce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Wooten Cj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Williams Ab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Dixon S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Lopez D
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
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Bojar I, Stasiak M, Cyniak-Magierska A, Raczkiewicz D, Lewiński A. Cognitive Function, APOE Gene Polymorphisms, and Thyroid Status Associations in Postmenopausal Women in Poland. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 42:169-185. [PMID: 27649316 DOI: 10.1159/000449373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to analyze a potential association between cognitive functions and thyroid status in postmenopausal women with different polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). METHODS The examined population included 402 postmenopausal women from south-eastern Poland. The evaluation of cognitive functions was made with the use of the diagnostic Central Nervous System-Vital Signs equipment (Polish version). Multiplex polymerase chain reactions were performed to assess APOE polymorphisms. The thyroid hormone tests were assessed by an accredited laboratory. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Lower results of cognitive functions were associated with the presence of the ε4 APOE allele in postmenopausal women. The ε4 APOE polymorphism was associated with a higher concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone and lower concentrations of free triiodothyronine and total triiodothyronine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bojar
- Department for Health Problems of Ageing, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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Rył A, Jasiewicz A, Grzywacz A, Adler G, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Rotter I, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Rumianowski B, Karakiewicz B, Jurczak A, Parczewski M, Urbańska A, Grabowska M, Laszczyńska M. Analysis of the Relationship between Estradiol and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Concentrations and Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein E and LeptinGenes in Women Post-Menopause. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060543. [PMID: 27240396 PMCID: PMC4924000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity. A review of the available literature indicates that correlations between the changes that take place in a woman’s body after menopause and different genetic variants are still being sought. Methods: The study was conducted in 252 women who had completed physiological menopause. The women were divided into groups according to the time elapsed since menopause. The total concentrations of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone were determined by means of electrochemiluminescence. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) and lepitn (LEP) genotypes were determined by real-time PCR and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Results: We observed that people with the APOE3/E3 genotype entered menopause insignificantly later compared to other genotypes. Additionally, in the group of patients with the APOE3/E3 genotypes, differences in the E2 concentration were significantly related to the time since their last menstruation. There is no association found in the literature between these polymorphisms of the LEP gene and hormones. Conclusions: To date, attempts to formulate a model describing the association between E2 and FSH concentration with the polymorphisms of various genes of menopause in women have not been successful. This relationship is difficult to study because of the number of nongenetic factors. Environmental factors can explain variation in postmenopausal changes in hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Jasiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland.
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Adler
- Department of Gerontobiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | | | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Olimpia Sipak-Szmigiel
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Bogdan Rumianowski
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Miłosz Parczewski
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-455, Poland.
| | - Anna Urbańska
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-455, Poland.
| | - Marta Grabowska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland.
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Chen CY, Chi LM, Chi HC, Tsai MM, Tsai CY, Tseng YH, Lin YH, Chen WJ, Huang YH, Lin KH. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics study of a thyroid hormone-regulated secretome in human hepatoma cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.011270. [PMID: 22171322 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.011270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone, 3, 3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T(3)), regulates cell growth, development, differentiation, and metabolism via interactions with thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). However, the secreted proteins that are regulated by T(3) are yet to be characterized. In this study, we used the quantitative proteomic approach of stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture coupled with nano-liquid chromatography-tandem MS performed on a LTQ-Orbitrap instrument to identify and characterize the T(3)-regulated proteins secreted in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines overexpressing TRα1 (HepG2-TRα1). In total, 1742 and 1714 proteins were identified and quantified, respectively, in three independent experiments. Among these, 61 up-regulated twofold and 11 down-regulated twofold proteins were identified. Eight proteins displaying increased expression and one with decreased expression in conditioned media were validated using Western blotting. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR further disclosed induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a T(3) target, in a time-course and dose-dependent manner. Serial deletions of the PAI-1 promoter region and subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the thyroid hormone response element on the promoter is localized at positions -327/-312. PAI-1 overexpression enhanced tumor growth and migration in a manner similar to what was seen when T(3) induced PAI-1 expression in J7-TRα1 cells, both in vitro and in vivo. An in vitro neutralizing assay further supported a crucial role of secreted PAI-1 in T(3)/TR-regulated cell migration. To our knowledge, these results demonstrate for the first time that proteins involved in the urokinase plasminogen activator system, including PAI-1, uPAR, and BSSP4, are augmented in the extra- and intracellular space of T(3)-treated HepG2-TRα1 cells. The T(3)-regulated secretome generated in the current study may provide an opportunity to establish the mechanisms underlying T(3)-associated tumor progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333
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