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DasGupta M, Kumaresan A, Saraf KK, Paul N, Sajeevkumar T, Karthikkeyan G, Prasad TSK, Modi PK, Ramesha K, Manimaran A, Jeyakumar S. Deciphering metabolomic alterations in seminal plasma of crossbred (Bos taurus X Bos indicus) bulls through comparative deep metabolomic analysis. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14253. [PMID: 34549825 DOI: 10.1111/and.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sub-fertility is higher in crossbred bulls compared to zebu bulls. In the present study, we analysed the metabolomic profile of seminal plasma from crossbred and zebu bulls and uncovered differentially expressed metabolites between these two breeds. Using a high-throughput LC-MS/MS-based approach, we identified 990 and 1,002 metabolites in crossbred and zebu bull seminal plasma respectively. After excluding the exogenous metabolites, we found that 50 and 68 putative metabolites were unique to crossbred and zebu bull seminal plasma, respectively, whilst 87 metabolites were common to both. After data normalisation, 63 metabolites were found to be dysregulated between crossbred and zebu bull seminal plasma. Observed pathways included Linoleic acid metabolism (observed metabolite was phosphatidylcholine) in crossbred bull seminal plasma whereas inositol phosphate metabolism (observed metabolites were phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate/inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate/myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) was observed in zebu bull seminal plasma. Abundance of Tetradecanoyl-CoA was significantly higher, whilst abundance of Taurine was significantly lower in crossbred bull seminal plasma. In conclusion, the present study established the seminal plasma metabolomic profile in crossbred and zebu bulls and suggest that increased lipid peroxidation coupled with low concentrations of antioxidants in seminal plasma might be associated with high incidence of sub-fertility in crossbred bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohua DasGupta
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kaustubh Kishor Saraf
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Gayathree Karthikkeyan
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Kerekoppa Ramesha
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ayyasamy Manimaran
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sakthivel Jeyakumar
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
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Mutagenesis separates ATPase and thioesterase activities of the peroxisomal ABC transporter, Comatose. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10502. [PMID: 31324846 PMCID: PMC6642094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisomal ABC transporter, Comatose (CTS), a full length transporter from Arabidopsis has intrinsic acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) activity, important for physiological function. We used molecular modelling, mutagenesis and biochemical analysis to identify amino acid residues important for ACOT activity. D863, Q864 and T867 lie within transmembrane helix 9. These residues are orientated such that they might plausibly contribute to a catalytic triad similar to type II Hotdog fold thioesterases. When expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutation of these residues to alanine resulted in defective of β-oxidation. All CTS mutants were expressed and targeted to peroxisomes and retained substrate-stimulated ATPase activity. When expressed in insect cell membranes, Q864A and S810N had similar ATPase activity to wild type but greatly reduced ACOT activity, whereas the Walker A mutant K487A had greatly reduced ATPase and no ATP-dependent ACOT activity. In wild type CTS, ATPase but not ACOT was stimulated by non-cleavable C14 ether-CoA. ACOT activity was stimulated by ATP but not by non-hydrolysable AMPPNP. Thus, ACOT activity depends on functional ATPase activity but not vice versa, and these two activities can be separated by mutagenesis. Whether D863, Q864 and T867 have a catalytic role or play a more indirect role in NBD-TMD communication is discussed.
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Słowińska M, Sallem H, Clench MR, Ciereszko A. Metabolomic analysis of white and yellow seminal plasma in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Poult Sci 2018; 97:1059-1065. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Asadollahi R, Oneda B, Joset P, Azzarello-Burri S, Bartholdi D, Steindl K, Vincent M, Cobilanschi J, Sticht H, Baldinger R, Reissmann R, Sudholt I, Thiel CT, Ekici AB, Reis A, Bijlsma EK, Andrieux J, Dieux A, FitzPatrick D, Ritter S, Baumer A, Latal B, Plecko B, Jenni OG, Rauch A. The clinical significance of small copy number variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Med Genet 2014; 51:677-88. [PMID: 25106414 PMCID: PMC4173859 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite abundant evidence for pathogenicity of large copy number variants (CNVs) in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), the individual significance of genome-wide rare CNVs <500 kb has not been well elucidated in a clinical context. METHODS By high-resolution chromosomal microarray analysis, we investigated the clinical significance of all rare non-polymorphic exonic CNVs sizing 1-500 kb in a cohort of 714 patients with undiagnosed NDDs. RESULTS We detected 96 rare CNVs <500 kb affecting coding regions, of which 58 (60.4%) were confirmed. 6 of 14 confirmed de novo, one of two homozygous and four heterozygous inherited CNVs affected the known microdeletion regions 17q21.31, 16p11.2 and 2p21 or OMIM morbid genes (CASK, CREBBP, PAFAH1B1, SATB2; AUTS2, NRXN3, GRM8). Two further de novo CNVs affecting single genes (MED13L, CTNND2) were instrumental in delineating novel recurrent conditions. For the first time, we here report exonic deletions of CTNND2 causing low normal IQ with learning difficulties with or without autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, we discovered a homozygous out-of-frame deletion of ACOT7 associated with features comparable to the published mouse model. In total, 24.1% of the confirmed small CNVs were categorised as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (median size 130 kb), 17.2% as likely benign, 3.4% represented incidental findings and 55.2% remained unclear. CONCLUSIONS These results verify the diagnostic relevance of genome-wide rare CNVs <500 kb, which were found pathogenic in ∼2% (14/714) of cases (1.1% de novo, 0.3% homozygous, 0.6% inherited) and highlight their inherent potential for discovery of new conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asadollahi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Oneda
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Deborah Bartholdi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie Vincent
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joana Cobilanschi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rosa Baldinger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Reissmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Sudholt
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian T Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Dieux
- Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Ritter
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Baumer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
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Tillander V, Arvidsson Nordström E, Reilly J, Strozyk M, Van Veldhoven PP, Hunt MC, Alexson SEH. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 (ACOT9) in mouse may provide a novel link between fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in mitochondria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:933-48. [PMID: 23864032 PMCID: PMC11114068 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) activities are found in prokaryotes and in several compartments of eukaryotes where they hydrolyze a wide range of acyl-CoA substrates and thereby regulate intracellular acyl-CoA/CoA/fatty acid levels. ACOT9 is a mitochondrial ACOT with homologous genes found from bacteria to humans and in this study we have carried out an in-depth kinetic characterization of ACOT9 to determine its possible physiological function. ACOT9 showed unusual kinetic properties with activity peaks for short-, medium-, and saturated long-chain acyl-CoAs with highest V max with propionyl-CoA and (iso) butyryl-CoA while K cat/K m was highest with saturated long-chain acyl-CoAs. Further characterization of the short-chain acyl-CoA activity revealed that ACOT9 also hydrolyzes a number of short-chain acyl-CoAs and short-chain methyl-branched CoA esters that suggest a role for ACOT9 in regulation also of amino acid metabolism. In spite of markedly different K ms, ACOT9 can hydrolyze both short- and long-chain acyl-CoAs simultaneously, indicating that ACOT9 may provide a novel regulatory link between fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in mitochondria. Based on similar acyl-CoA chain-length specificities of recombinant ACOT9 and ACOT activity in mouse brown adipose tissue and kidney mitochondria, we conclude that ACOT9 is the major mitochondrial ACOT hydrolyzing saturated C2-C20-CoA in these tissues. Finally, ACOT9 activity is strongly regulated by NADH and CoA, suggesting that mitochondrial metabolic state regulates the function of ACOT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tillander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, C1-74, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Arvidsson Nordström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, C1-74, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Reilly
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, C1-74, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Strozyk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, C1-74, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul P. Van Veldhoven
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, LIPIT, Campus Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mary C. Hunt
- Dublin Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stefan E. H. Alexson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, C1-74, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hunt MC, Siponen MI, Alexson SEH. The emerging role of acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyltransferases in regulating peroxisomal lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1397-410. [PMID: 22465940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The importance of peroxisomes in lipid metabolism is now well established and peroxisomes contain approximately 60 enzymes involved in these lipid metabolic pathways. Several acyl-CoA thioesterase enzymes (ACOTs) have been identified in peroxisomes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs (short-, medium-, long- and very long-chain), bile acid-CoAs, and methyl branched-CoAs, to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A. A number of acyltransferase enzymes, which are structurally and functionally related to ACOTs, have also been identified in peroxisomes, which conjugate (or amidate) bile acid-CoAs and acyl-CoAs to amino acids, resulting in the production of amidated bile acids and fatty acids. The function of ACOTs is to act as auxiliary enzymes in the α- and β-oxidation of various lipids in peroxisomes. Human peroxisomes contain at least two ACOTs (ACOT4 and ACOT8) whereas mouse peroxisomes contain six ACOTs (ACOT3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12). Similarly, human peroxisomes contain one bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT), whereas mouse peroxisomes contain three acyltransferases (BAAT and acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases 1 and 2: ACNAT1 and ACNAT2). This review will focus on the human and mouse peroxisomal ACOT and acyltransferase enzymes identified to date and discuss their cellular localizations, emerging structural information and functions as auxiliary enzymes in peroxisomal metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Hunt
- Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Kirkby B, Roman N, Kobe B, Kellie S, Forwood JK. Functional and structural properties of mammalian acyl-coenzyme A thioesterases. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:366-77. [PMID: 20470824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterases (Acots) play important cellular roles in mammalian fatty acid metabolism through modulation of cellular concentrations of activated fatty acyl-CoAs. Acots catalyse the hydrolysis of the thioester bond present within acyl-CoA ester molecules to yield coenzyme A (CoASH) and the corresponding non-esterified fatty acid. Acyl-CoA thioesterases are expressed ubiquitously in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and, in higher order organisms, the enzymes are expressed and localised in a tissue-dependent manner within the cytosol, mitochondria, peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum. Recent studies have led to advances in the functional and structural characterization of many mammalian Acot family members. These include the structure determination of both type-I and type-II Acot family members, structural elucidation of the START domain of ACOT11, identification of roles in arachidonic acid and inflammatory prostaglandin production by Acot7, and inclusion of a 13th Acot family member. Here, we review and analyse the current literature on mammalian Acots with respect to their characterization and summarize the current knowledge on the structure, function and regulation of this enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kirkby
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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Hunt MC, Rautanen A, Westin MAK, Svensson LT, Alexson SEH. Analysis of the mouse and human acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) gene clusters shows that convergent, functional evolution results in a reduced number of human peroxisomal ACOTs. FASEB J 2006; 20:1855-64. [PMID: 16940157 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-6042com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular levels of free fatty acids and acyl-CoAs, the activated form of free fatty acids, is extremely important, as imbalances in lipid metabolism have serious consequences for human health. Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thioesterases (ACOTs) hydrolyze acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and CoASH, and thereby have the potential to regulate intracellular levels of these compounds. We previously identified and characterized a mouse ACOT gene cluster comprised of six genes that apparently arose by gene duplications encoding acyl-CoA thioesterases with localizations in cytosol (ACOT1), mitochondria (ACOT2), and peroxisomes (ACOT3-6). However, the corresponding human gene cluster contains only three genes (ACOT1, ACOT2, and ACOT4) coding for full-length thioesterase proteins, of which only one is peroxisomal (ACOT4). We therefore set out to characterize the human genes, and we show here that the human ACOT4 protein catalyzes the activities of three mouse peroxisomal ACOTs (ACOT3, 4, and 5), being active on succinyl-CoA and medium to long chain acyl-CoAs, while ACOT1 and ACOT2 carry out similar functions to the corresponding mouse genes. These data strongly suggest that the human ACOT4 gene has acquired the functions of three mouse genes by a functional convergent evolution that also provides an explanation for the unexpectedly low number of human genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Hunt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry C1-74, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Stockhold SE-141 86, Sweden.
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