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Marković D, Maslovarić I, Djikić D, Čokić VP. Neutrophil Death in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Shedding More Light on Neutrophils as a Pathogenic Link to Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1490. [PMID: 35163413 PMCID: PMC8836089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an essential component of the innate immune response, but their prolonged activation can lead to chronic inflammation. Consequently, neutrophil homeostasis is tightly regulated through balance between granulopoiesis and clearance of dying cells. The bone marrow is both a site of neutrophil production and the place they return to and die. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by the mutations in three types of molecular markers, with emphasis on Janus kinase 2 gene mutation (JAK2V617F). The MPN bone marrow stem cell niche is a site of chronic inflammation, with commonly increased cells of myeloid lineage, including neutrophils. The MPN neutrophils are characterized by the upregulation of JAK target genes. Additionally, MPN neutrophils display malignant nature, they are in a state of activation, and with deregulated apoptotic machinery. In other words, neutrophils deserve to be placed in the midst of major events in MPN. Our crucial interest in this review is better understanding of how neutrophils die in MPN mirrored by defects in apoptosis and to what possible extent they can contribute to MPN pathophysiology. We tend to expect that reduced neutrophil apoptosis will establish a pathogenic link to chronic inflammation in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Marković
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Irina Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dragoslava Djikić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (V.P.Č.)
| | - Vladan P. Čokić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (V.P.Č.)
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Chen W, Boras B, Sung T, Hu W, Spilker ME, D’Argenio DZ. A whole-body circulatory neutrophil model with application to predicting clinical neutropenia from in vitro studies. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2021; 10:671-683. [PMID: 33793091 PMCID: PMC8302245 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A circulatory model of granulopoiesis and its regulation is presented that includes neutrophil trafficking in the lungs, liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and blood. In each organ, neutrophils undergo transendothelial migration from vascular to interstitial space, clearance due to apoptosis, and recycling via the lymphatic flow. The model includes cell cycling of progenitor cells in the bone marrow, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) kinetics and its neutrophil regulatory action, as well as neutrophil margination in the blood. From previously reported studies, 111 In-labeled neutrophil kinetic data in the blood and sampled organs were used to estimate the organ trafficking parameters in the model. The model was further developed and evaluated using absolute neutrophil count (ANC), band cell, and segmented neutrophil time course data from healthy volunteers following four dose levels of pegfilgrastim (r2 = 0.77-0.99), along with ANC time course responses following filgrastim (r2 = 0.96). The baseline values of various cell types in bone marrow and blood, as well as G-CSF concentration in the blood, predicted by the model are consistent with available literature reports. After incorporating the mechanism of action of both paclitaxel and carboplatin, as determined from an in vitro bone marrow studies, the model reliably predicted the observed ANC time course following paclitaxel plus carboplatin observed in a phase I trial of 46 patients (r2 = 0.70). The circulatory neutrophil model may provide a mechanistic framework for predicting multi-organ neutrophil homeostasis and dynamics in response to therapeutic agents that target neutrophil dynamics and trafficking in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicineSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tae Sung
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicineSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wenyue Hu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicineSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mary E. Spilker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicineSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - David Z. D’Argenio
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Silvestre-Roig C, Fridlender ZG, Glogauer M, Scapini P. Neutrophil Diversity in Health and Disease. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:565-583. [PMID: 31160207 PMCID: PMC7185435 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New evidence has challenged the outdated dogma that neutrophils are a homogeneous population of short-lived cells. Although neutrophil subpopulations with distinct functions have been reported under homeostatic and pathological conditions, a full understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity is currently lacking. We review here current knowledge of neutrophil heterogeneity and diversity, highlighting the need for deep genomic, phenotypic, and functional profiling of the identified neutrophil subpopulations to determine whether these cells truly represent bona fide novel neutrophil subsets. We suggest that progress in understanding neutrophil heterogeneity will allow the identification of clinically relevant neutrophil subpopulations that may be used in the diagnosis of specific diseases and lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrizia Scapini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Hidalgo A, Chilvers ER, Summers C, Koenderman L. The Neutrophil Life Cycle. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:584-597. [PMID: 31153737 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are recognized as an essential part of the innate immune response, but an active debate still exists regarding the life cycle of these cells. Neutrophils first differentiate in the bone marrow through progenitor intermediaries before entering the blood, in a process that gauges the extramedullary pool size. Once believed to be directly eliminated in the marrow, liver, and spleen, neutrophils, after circulating for less than 1 day, are now known to redistribute into multiple tissues with poorly understood kinetics. In this review, we provide an update on the dynamic distribution of neutrophils across tissues in health and disease, and emphasize differences between humans and model organisms. We further highlight issues to be addressed to exploit the unique features of neutrophils in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones, Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lok LSC, Farahi N, Juss JK, Loutsios C, Solanki CK, Peters AM, Donaldson F, Porter-Brown B, Chilvers ER. Effects of tocilizumab on neutrophil function and kinetics. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:736-745. [PMID: 28796316 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreases in circulating neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytes, PMNs) have been reported in patients treated with the anti-interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody tocilizumab (TCZ); the mechanism for this is unclear. We hypothesize that TCZ reduces circulating neutrophils by affecting margination and/or bone marrow trafficking without affecting neutrophil function or apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen healthy subjects were randomized to single intravenous dose of TCZ 8 mg/kg (n = 12) or placebo (n = 6) on day 0. On day 4, each subject had autologous indium-111-labelled neutrophils re-injected, and their kinetics quantified with longitudinal profiling in a whole body gamma-counter. TCZ-treated subjects were divided into two groups according to the extent of reduction in neutrophil count. RESULTS Mean day 4 neutrophil counts, as % baseline, were 101·9%, 68·3% and 44·2% in the placebo, TCZ-PMN-'high' and TCZ-PMN-'low' groups, respectively (P < 0·001). Following TCZ, neutrophil function, activation and apoptosis ex vivo were all unaffected. In vivo, there were no differences in early blood recovery or margination to liver/spleen and bone marrow; however, later neutrophil re-distribution to bone marrow was markedly reduced in the TCZ-PMN-low group (peak pelvic count as % day 4 count on: day 5, 188% placebo vs. 127% TCZ-PMN-low, P < 0·001; day 10, 180% placebo vs. 132% TCZ-PMN-low, P < 0·01), with a trend towards higher liver/spleen neutrophil retention. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated for the first time in humans that IL-6R blockade affects neutrophil trafficking to the bone marrow without influencing neutrophil functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neda Farahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jatinder K Juss
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Chandra K Solanki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrien M Peters
- Division of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Khan MA, Palaniyar N. Transcriptional firing helps to drive NETosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41749. [PMID: 28176807 PMCID: PMC5296899 DOI: 10.1038/srep41749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived innate immune cells. These cells respond quickly to stimuli, and die within minutes to hours; the relevance of DNA transcription in dying neutrophils remains an enigma for several decades. Here we show that the transcriptional activity reflects the degree of DNA decondensation occurring in both NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox)-dependent and Nox-independent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis. Transcriptomics analyses show that transcription starts at multiple loci in all chromosomes earlier in the rapid Nox-independent NETosis (induced by calcium ionophore A23187) than Nox-dependent NETosis (induced by PMA). NETosis-specific kinase cascades differentially activate transcription of different sets of genes. Inhibitors of transcription, but not translation, suppress both types of NETosis. In particular, promoter melting step is important to drive NETosis (induced by PMA, E. coli LPS, A23187, Streptomyces conglobatus ionomycin). Extensive citrullination of histones in multiple loci occurs only during calcium-mediated NETosis, suggesting that citrullination of histone contributes to the rapid DNA decondensation seen in Nox-independent NETosis. Furthermore, blocking transcription suppresses both types of NETosis, without affecting the reactive oxygen species production that is necessary for antimicrobial functions. Therefore, we assign a new function for transcription in neutrophils: Transcriptional firing, regulated by NETosis-specific kinases, helps to drive NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj A Khan
- Innate Immunity Research Lab, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, PGCRL, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay St, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Innate Immunity Research Lab, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, PGCRL, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay St, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Strydom N, Rankin SM. Regulation of circulating neutrophil numbers under homeostasis and in disease. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:304-14. [PMID: 23571274 DOI: 10.1159/000350282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte and play a fundamental role in the innate immune response. Patients with neutropenia, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome or chronic granulomatous disease are particularly prone to bacterial and fungal infection. However, the highly destructive capacity of these cells also increases the potential for neutrophil damage to healthy tissues, as seen in a number of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The homeostatic control of circulating neutrophil levels is thus critical, as an imbalance can result in overwhelming infection or inappropriate inflammatory states. Neutrophil homeostasis is maintained by a fine balance between granulopoiesis in the bone marrow, retention in and release from the bone marrow and clearance and destruction. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms regulating neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow, with emphasis on the antagonistic roles of the CXCR4 (C-X-C motif receptor 4)/CXCL12 (C-X-C motif ligand 12) and CXCR2/ELR+ (Glu-Leu-Arg) CXC chemokine signaling axes in the bone marrow. A role for the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine axis in the trafficking of senescent neutrophils back to the bone marrow for clearance, along with the role of bone marrow macrophages and the molecules that mediate neutrophil clearance by bone marrow macrophages, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Strydom
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Gamboni SE, Simmons I, Palmer A, Nixon RL. Allergic contact dermatitis to indium in jewellery: diagnosis made possible through the use of the Contact Allergen Bank Australia. Australas J Dermatol 2013; 54:139-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2012.00926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gamboni
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre; Skin and Cancer Foundation; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
| | - Ivan Simmons
- Ashford Dermatology & Phototherapy Clinic; Adelaide; South Australia; Australia
| | - Amanda Palmer
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre; Skin and Cancer Foundation; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
| | - Rosemary L Nixon
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre; Skin and Cancer Foundation; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
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9
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Immune suppression by neutrophils and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells: similarities and differences. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3813-27. [PMID: 23423530 PMCID: PMC3781313 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential effector cells in the host defense against invading pathogens. Recently, novel neutrophil functions have emerged in addition to their classical anti-microbial role. One of these functions is the suppression of T cell responses. In this respect, neutrophils share similarities with granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs). In this review, we will discuss the similarities and differences between neutrophils and G-MDSCs. Various types of G-MDSCs have been described, ranging from immature to mature cells shaping the immune response by different immune suppressive mechanisms. However, all types of G-MDSCs share distinct features of neutrophils, such as surface markers and morphology. We propose that G-MDSCs are heterogeneous and represent novel phenotypes of neutrophils, capable of suppressing the immune response. In this review, we will attempt to clarify the differences and similarities between neutrophils and G-MDSCs and attempt to facilitate further research.
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Production and separation of 111In: an important radionuclide in life sciences: a mini review. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Use of 111-Indium-labeled autologous eosinophils to establish the in vivo kinetics of human eosinophils in healthy subjects. Blood 2012; 120:4068-71. [PMID: 22993388 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-443424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are the major cellular effectors of allergic inflammation and represent an important therapeutic target. Although the genesis and activation of eosinophils have been extensively explored, little is known about their intravascular kinetics or physiological fate. This study was designed to determine the intravascular life span of eosinophils, their partitioning between circulating and marginated pools, and sites of disposal in healthy persons. Using autologous, minimally manipulated 111-Indium-labeled leukocytes with blood sampling, we measured the eosinophil intravascular residence time as 25.2 hours (compared with 10.3 hours for neutrophils) and demonstrated a substantial marginated eosinophil pool. γ camera imaging studies using purified eosinophils demonstrated initial retention in the lungs, with early redistribution to the liver and spleen, and evidence of recirculation from a hepatic pool. This work provides the first in vivo measurements of eosinophil kinetics in healthy volunteers and shows that 111-Indium-labeled eosinophils can be used to monitor the fate of eosinophils noninvasively.
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