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Duncan PA, Tauber AM, Sakaluk SK, Thompson CF. INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF INCREASED NESTBOX TEMPERATURE AND VITAMIN E ON NESTLING GROWTH ARE ATTENUATED BY PLASTICITY IN FEMALE INCUBATION EFFORT. Ethology 2024; 130:e13421. [PMID: 38389708 PMCID: PMC10881224 DOI: 10.1111/eth.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, temperatures have increased globally, and nestlings of many bird species are likely regularly exposed to increased temperatures both pre- and postnatally. Even small increases in nest temperature during incubation affect offspring growth and survival in a variety of species, one cause of which is thought to be increased production of prooxidants in embryos and nestlings. Defences marshalled in response to this oxidative stress could, in turn, result in trade-offs that lead to reduced survival or growth. If so, any downstream negative effects on nestlings of increased ambient temperatures during incubation could be counteracted by increasing their antioxidant intake. We predicted, therefore, that dietary supplements of an antioxidant would reduce or eliminate any detrimental effects on nestling growth and survival of experimentally increased nest temperature during the incubation period. We employed a split-brood design in which we increased nest temperature of entire clutches and, after hatching, provided dietary supplements of the antioxidant vitamin E to half of the nestlings within broods. We also recorded female incubation and provisioning behaviour to control for the possibility that heating nests might also influence maternal behaviour. There was a significant interaction between nestbox heating treatment and vitamin E treatment in their effect on nestling mass, a trait that is positively correlated with survival and future reproductive success in the study population. Vitamin E supplementation promoted increased nestling mass in heated nests, whereas it had the opposite effect in control nests, but these effects were weak. Heating significantly affected female incubation behaviour, with females in heated nestboxes investing less in incubation than those in unheated boxes. These results suggest that within at least some range of expected increased ambient temperatures during the 21st century, effects of climate change on nestling bird development can be mitigated by adjustments in female incubation behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige A. Duncan
- Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University
| | - Ashley M. Tauber
- Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University
| | - Scott K. Sakaluk
- Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University
| | - Charles F. Thompson
- Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University
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Parejo-Pulido D, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Abril-Colón I, Potti J, Redondo T. Passive and active parental food allocation in a songbird. Behav Ecol 2023; 34:729-740. [PMID: 37744166 PMCID: PMC10516681 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parent-offspring conflict over food allocation can be modeled using two theoretical frameworks: passive (scramble competition) and active choice (signaling) resolution models. However, differentiating between these models empirically can be challenging. One possibility involves investigating details of decision-making by feeding parents. Different nestling traits, related to competitive prowess or signaling cryptic condition, may interact additively or non-additively as predictors of parental feeding responses. To explore this, we experimentally created even-sized, small broods of pied flycatchers and manipulated nestling cryptic quality, independently of size, by vitamin E supplementation. We explored how interactions between nestling cryptic condition, size, signals, and spatial location predicted food allocation and prey-testing by parents. Parents created the potential for spatial scramble competition between nestlings by feeding from and to a narrow range of nest locations. Heavier supplemented nestlings grew faster and were more likely to access profitable nest locations. However, the most profitable locations were not more contested, and nestling turnover did not vary in relation to spatial predictability or food supply. Postural begging was only predicted by nestling hunger and body mass, but parents did not favor heavier nestlings. This suggests that size-mediated and spatial competition in experimental broods was mild. Pied flycatcher fathers allocated food in response to nestling position and begging order, while mothers seemingly followed an active choice mechanism involving assessment of more complex traits, including postural intensity interacting with order, position, and treatment, and perhaps other stimuli when performing prey-testings. Differences in time constraints may underlie sex differences in food allocation rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Parejo-Pulido
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Abril-Colón
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), CSIC, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Potti
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Tomás Redondo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Gómez G, Laviano HD, García-Casco JM, Escudero R, Muñoz M, Heras-Molina A, González-Bulnes A, Óvilo C, López-Bote C, Rey AI. Different Effect of Vitamin E or Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation to Sow's Diet on Oxidative Status and Performances of Weaned Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1504. [PMID: 37627499 PMCID: PMC10451658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Different feeding strategies are being applied to sows in order to obtain homogeneous piglets' weights and improved health status. This study evaluated how the dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE) (100 mg/kg), hydroxytyrosol (HXT) (1.5 mg/kg) or the combined administration (VE + HXT) given to Iberian sows from day 85 of gestation affected the growth pattern of the piglets and their oxidative status; and quantified what these effects were due to. Dietary VE and HXT improved the oxidative status of sows and piglets. Both VE and HXT modified the growth pattern at birth and performances of the piglets in a different way according to the growing period. Piglets' performances were positively correlated with plasma VE and negatively with plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) of the sow. However, the highest variation in growth patterns was explained by the colostrum composition. Significant linear equations were observed between piglets' performances and colostrum saturated (SAT), n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-7) and different desaturases indices. This study would confirm that VE supplementation to the sow diet could be more adequate than HXT for the improved development during the first weeks of a piglet's life. The combined administration of both antioxidants would not produce additional positive effects compared to the individual supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gómez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n., 13700 Tomelloso, Spain
| | - Hernan D. Laviano
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. García-Casco
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, CSIC, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Escudero
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Muñoz
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, CSIC, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Heras-Molina
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, CSIC, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clemente López-Bote
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Rey
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Dietary Protected Sodium Butyrate and/or Olive Leaf and Grape-Based By-Product Supplementation Modifies Productive Performance, Antioxidant Status and Meat Quality in Broilers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010201. [PMID: 36671062 PMCID: PMC9854548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the demand for chicken meat production, new additives that promote growth and health without adverse effects on meat quality are being investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of protected sodium butyrate (PSB) (0 vs. 2 g/kg), an olive leaf and grape-based by-product (OLG-mix), or a combined supplementation of PSB and OLG-mix on productive performance, antioxidant status, carcass, and meat quality in broilers. PSB improved performance parameters with greater effect in the initial phase. Both, PSB and OLG-mix increased the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD); however, PSB supplementation was more effective to delay the lipid oxidation of meat from the initial day of storage. OLG-mix produced meat with greater color intensity, b* value and lesser drip losses than PSB. The combination of PSB + OLG-mix did not produce more marked effects that the individual administration; except to control the oxidation of meat. Linear and positive correlations between antioxidant enzymes and weight gain were observed. Significant linear and negative relationships were quantified between plasma SOD and meat lipid oxidation according to dietary treatment. Therefore, the present study would be a first approximation to the possibilities for predicting growth range and meat quality through the evaluation of the blood oxidative status.
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Schoepf I, Olson S, Moore IT, Bonier F. Experimental reduction of haemosporidian infection affects maternal reproductive investment, parental behaviour and offspring condition. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221978. [PMID: 36448284 PMCID: PMC9709520 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
When hosts have a long coevolutionary history with their parasites, fitness costs of chronic infection have often been assumed to be negligible. Yet, experimental manipulation of infections sometimes reveals effects of parasites on their hosts, particularly during reproduction. Whether these effects translate into fitness costs remains unclear. Here, we present the results of an experimental study conducted in a free-ranging population of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) naturally experiencing a high prevalence of haemosporidian infections, with more than 95% of breeding adults infected with parasites from one or more haemosporidian genus. To assess effects of infection during reproduction, we manipulated adult red-winged blackbird females' parasite burden by administering an anti-haemosporidian medication before onset of egg-laying. Experimental reduction of infection resulted in significant benefits to mothers and their offspring. Medicated females laid heavier clutches, invested more in incubation and provisioning behaviour, and produced more fledglings than control females. Nestlings of medicated females had higher haematocrit, higher blood glucose, and lower reactive oxygen metabolites than nestlings of control females. Overall, our results provide evidence that, even in a species with high prevalence of infection, parasites can lead to decreased maternal investment and offspring quality, substantially reducing fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Schoepf
- Biology Department, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1405 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, 4901 46 Avenue, Camrose, Alberta, Canada T4V 2R3
| | - Sarena Olson
- Biology Department, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Ignacio T. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1405 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Frances Bonier
- Biology Department, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Zhao L, Zhang M, Bai L, Zhao Y, Cai Z, Yung KKL, Dong C, Li R. Real-world PM 2.5 exposure induces pathological injury and DNA damage associated with miRNAs and DNA methylation alteration in rat lungs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28788-28803. [PMID: 34988794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been demonstrated to threaten public health and increase lung cancer risk. DNA damage is involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms of epigenetic modification of lung DNA damage are still unclear. This study developed a real-world air PM2.5 inhalation system and exposed rats for 1 and 2 months, respectively, and investigated rat lungs pathological changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage effects. OGG1 and MTH1 expression was measured, along with their DNA methylation status and related miRNAs expression. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure led to pathological injury, influenced levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors in rat lungs. Of note, 2-month PM2.5 exposure aggravated pathological injury. Besides, PM2.5 significantly elevated OGG1 expression and suppressed MTH1 expression, which was correlated to oxidative stress and partially mediated by reducing OGG1 DNA methylation status and increasing miRNAs expression related to MTH1 in DNA damage with increases of γ-H2AX, 8-OHdG and GADD153. PM2.5 also activated c-fos and c-jun levels and inactivated PTEN levels in rat lungs. These suggested that epigenetic modification was probably a potential mechanism by which PM2.5-induced genotoxicity in rat lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lirong Bai
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
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7
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Zheng Y, Li S, Li C, Shao Y, Chen A. Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae Protect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040515. [PMID: 35205991 PMCID: PMC8871426 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the purification, preliminary structure and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from the spores of Cordyceps cicadae (CCSP). The crude CCSP was purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, affording CCSP-1, CCSP-2 and CCSP-3 with molecular weights of 1.79 × 106, 5.74 × 104 and 7.93 × 103 Da, respectively. CCSP-2 consisted of mannose and glucose, while CCSP-1 and CCSP-3 are composed of three and four monosaccharides with different molar ratios, respectively. CCSP-2 exhibited its ameliorative effects in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice through significantly increasing spleen and thymus indices, enhancing macrophage phagocytic activity, stimulating splenocyte proliferation, improving natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, improving bone marrow suppression, regulating the secretion of cytokines and immunoglobulins, and modulating antioxidant enzyme system. These results indicate that CCSP-2 might be exploited as a promising natural immunomodulator.
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8
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Oxidative status of blue tit nestlings varies with habitat and nestling size. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 258:110986. [PMID: 34023537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative status has been proposed as an important ecological and evolutionary force given that pro-oxidant metabolites damage molecules, cells and tissues, with fitness consequences for organisms. Consequently, organisms usually face a trade-off between regulating their oxidative status and other physiological traits. However, environmental stressors and the availability of dietary-derived antioxidants vary according to local conditions and, thus, organisms inhabiting different habitats face different oxidative pressures. Still, there is little information on how different environmental conditions influence the oxidative status of animals inhabiting terrestrial environments. In this work, we examined the variation in oxidative status in the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), a bird species with hatching asynchrony. Specifically, we examined the oxidative status of the largest and the smallest nestlings in the brood, inhabiting four forests differing in food availability and ectoparasite prevalence. We measured lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) as a marker of oxidative damage, total antioxidant capacity (Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity; TEAC) and antioxidant enzymatic activity (catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase) in blood samples. The glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity differed among the forests, being the highest in the pine forest and the lowest in a mixed oak (Quercus) forest in the most humid area. Lipid peroxidation was higher in larger nestlings, suggesting higher oxidative damage with an increasing growth rate. Neither brood size, laying date, nor ectoparasites were related to the oxidative status of nestlings. These results suggest that nest rearing conditions might shape the oxidative status of birds, having consequences for habitat-dependent variation in regulation of oxidative status.
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Montoya B, Gil D, Valverde M, Rojas E, Pérez-Rodríguez L. DNA Integrity Estimated via the Comet Assay Reflects Oxidative Stress and Competitive Disadvantage in Developing Birds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 93:384-395. [PMID: 32780628 DOI: 10.1086/710703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIncreases in DNA degradation have been detected in numerous situations in which organisms are exposed to pollutants. However, outside of the ecotoxicological literature, few studies have investigated whether there exists important variation in DNA integrity in free-living, healthy animals. Using the alkaline version of the comet assay to estimate DNA integrity in blood samples, we aimed to evaluate whether DNA integrity during early life is associated with nestlings' age, body mass, within-brood status, and oxidative stress using nestlings from a wild population of spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor) as a model. We found important levels of variation in DNA integrity, suggesting the possibility that DNA integrity may have implications for offspring fitness. DNA integrity was dependent on the developmental stage, being lower at hatching than at the end of the nestling period. DNA integrity was also negatively related to the levels of oxidative damage at hatching and positively associated with wing length at fledging. In addition, position within the size hierarchy of the brood at fledging explained differences in DNA integrity, with higher levels in core than in marginal nestlings. Finally, despite extensive within-individual variation along nestling's age, we found DNA integrity during early life to be moderately repeatable within broods. Hence, DNA integrity in early life appears to be mainly affected by environmental factors, such as natural stressors. Our results suggest that measuring the variation in DNA integrity may be a fruitful approach for the assessment of individual fitness in natural populations and can be applied to studies in developmental biology and ecology.
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Lan R, Wei L, Chang Q, Wu S, Zhihui Z. Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides on oxidative stress and inflammation response in liver and spleen of yellow-feather broilers exposed to high ambient temperature. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1850215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Lan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zhihui
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
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Montoya B, Ancona S, Beamonte-Barrientos R, Martínez-Gómez M. Does Vitamin E Supplementation Enhance Growth Benefits of Breeding Helpers at No Oxidative Costs? Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:37-48. [PMID: 31718435 DOI: 10.1086/706464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During early postnatal development, biomolecules are particularly exposed to the detrimental actions of unneutralized reactive oxygen species. These prooxidant molecules have been claimed to mediate the trade-off between growth and somatic maintenance. Vitamin E is a key exogenous antioxidant that plays an important role in protecting biological membranes against oxidative damage. However, evidence of the effect of vitamin E supplementation during early life on growth and oxidative status in wild populations is equivocal. We tested the effect of supplementing western bluebird nestlings (Sialia mexicana) with vitamin E on growth rate, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage to lipids. During the period of accelerated growth (5-8 d), bill growth rate was 21% higher in supplemented nestlings from nests with breeding helpers than in supplemented nestlings from unassisted nests. Vitamin E also boosted tarsus growth rate during the period of slow growth (11-18 d), and this effect was independent of the presence of breeding helpers. Differences in body size and mass, oxidative damage to lipids, and antioxidant capacity were not evident between supplemented and control nestlings at 18 d. Therefore, we conclude that vitamin E promoted faster bill and tarsus growth, but this transient effect disappeared as soon as the supplementation ceased. Our experimental study also supports the idea that tocopherols are rapidly metabolized, since we failed to detect any evident increase of vitamin E in supplemented nestlings at age 18 d. These results provide partial support for the hypothesis that growth rate is constrained by its costs in terms of increased susceptibility to oxidative stress.
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12
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Lan R, Zhao Z, Li S, An L. Sodium butyrate as an effective feed additive to improve performance, liver function, and meat quality in broilers under hot climatic conditions. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5491-5500. [PMID: 33142467 PMCID: PMC7647702 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on growth performance, liver function, antioxidant capacity, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in broilers under hot climatic conditions. A total of 288 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments as follow: CON, control diet without SB; T1, control diet with 300 mg/kg SB; T2, control diet with 600 mg/kg SB; and T3, control diet with 1,200 mg/kg SB. Each treatment had 6 replication pens and 12 broilers per pen. The results indicated that the BW on day 35; ADG from day 1 to 21, day 22 to 35, and day 1 to 35; and ADFI from day 22 to 35 linearly (P < 0.05) increased with SB supplementation. Interestingly, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase content in serum were linearly (P < 0.05) decreased by SB supplementation. There was linear (P < 0.05) improvement in activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver, whereas the content of malondialdehyde was linearly (P < 0.05) decreased with the inclusion of SB. Increasing SB level linearly (P < 0.05) increased CP composition and decreased drip loss percentage on day 1 and 3 of breast muscle. Furthermore, there was linear (P < 0.05) improvement in activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, whereas the content of malondialdehyde showed decreasing trend (P < 0.10) with the inclusion of SB in breast muscle. In conclusion, SB can be used as an effective feed additive to improve growth performance, liver function, and meat quality of broilers under hot climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Lan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Lilong An
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong P.R. China.
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13
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Blood antioxidant status of Stercorarius maccormicki and Stercorarius antarcticus from Potter Peninsula, 25 de Mayo (King George) Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Lemieux V, Garant D, Reale D, Bergeron P. Spatio-temporal variation in oxidative status regulation in a small mammal. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7801. [PMID: 31608176 PMCID: PMC6788435 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history allocation trade-offs are dynamic over time and space according to the ecological and demographical context. Fluctuations in food availability can affect physiological trade-offs like oxidative status regulation, reflecting the balance between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity. Monitoring the spatio-temporal stability of oxidative status in natural settings may help understanding its importance in ecological and evolutionary processes. However, few studies have yet conducted such procedures in wild populations. Here, we monitored individual oxidative status in a wild eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) population across the 2017 summer active period and over three study sites. Oxidative damage (MDA: Malondialdehyde levels) and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels (FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power and HASC: Hypochlorous acid shock capacity) were quantified across time and space using assays optimized for small blood volumes. Our results showed an increase in oxidative damage mirrored by a decrease in FRAP throughout the season. We also found different antioxidant levels among our three study sites for both markers. Our results also revealed the effects of sex and body mass on oxidative status. Early in the active season, females and individuals with a greater body mass had higher oxidative damage. Males had higher HASC levels than females throughout the summer. This study shows that oxidative status regulation is a dynamic process that requires a detailed spatial and temporal monitoring to yield a complete picture of possible trade-offs between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lemieux
- Départment de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Bishop’s University, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Dany Garant
- Départment de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Denis Reale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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15
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Xu DL, Xu MM, Wang DH. Effects of air temperatures on antioxidant defense and immunity in Mongolian gerbils. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Beattie UK, Jimenez AG. Oxidative stress does not differ in primary dermal fibroblasts isolated from fast-growing and control-growing Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica). CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth rate is a key life-history trait that influences fitness and shapes the physiology of organisms. Additionally, faster growing individuals of the same species seem to be burdened with higher whole-animal metabolism and higher cellular turnover rates, which may lead to increases in oxidative stress, though this fact remains controversial within the literature. Aerobic organisms are subjected to metabolic by-products known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can wreak havoc on macromolecules, such as structurally altering proteins and inducing mutations in DNA, among others. To combat accumulating damage, organisms have evolved endogenous antioxidants and can consume exogenous antioxidants to sequester ROS before they cause cellular damage. We used primary fibroblast cells isolated from control-growing and fast-growing Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1849) as a study model for the effects of differing growth rates on oxidative stress. We measured reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, ROS production, mitochondrial content, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) damage. We found no significant differences in the four parameters measured between control-growing and fast-growing Quail. However, we found that in fast-growing Quail, GSH correlated with LPO damage and mitochondrial content, and LPO damage positively correlated with mitochondrial content, whereas control-growing Quail only showed positive relationships between LPO damage and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Konstantin Beattie
- Colgate University, Department of Biology, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
- Colgate University, Department of Biology, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Ana Gabriela Jimenez
- Colgate University, Department of Biology, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
- Colgate University, Department of Biology, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
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17
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Gabriela Jimenez A. "The Same Thing That Makes You Live Can Kill You in the End": Exploring the Effects of Growth Rates and Longevity on Cellular Metabolic Rates and Oxidative Stress in Mammals and Birds. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:544-558. [PMID: 29982421 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All aerobic organisms are subjected to metabolic by-products known as reactive species (RS). RS can wreak havoc on macromolecules by structurally altering proteins and inducing mutations in DNA, among other deleterious effects. To combat accumulating damage, organisms have an antioxidant system to sequester RS before they cause cellular damage. The balance between RS production, antioxidant defences, and accumulated cellular damage is termed oxidative stress. Physiological ecologists, gerontologists, and metabolic biochemists have turned their attention to whether oxidative stress is the principal, generalized mechanism that mediates and limits longevity, growth rates, and other life-history trade-offs in animals, as may be the case in mammals and birds. At the crux of this theory lies the regulation and activities of the mitochondria with respect to the organism and its metabolic rate. At the whole-animal level, evolutionary theory suggests that developmental trajectories and growth rates can shape the onset and rate of aging. Mitochondrial function is important for aging since it is the main source of energy in cells, and the main source of RS. Altering oxidative stress levels, either increase in oxidative damage or reduction in antioxidants, has proven to also decrease growth rates, which implies that oxidative stress is a cost of, as well as a constraint on, growth. Yet, in nature, many animals exhibit fast growth rates that lead to higher loads of oxidative stress, which are often linked to shorter lifespans. In this article, I summarize the latest findings on whole-animal life history trade-offs, such as growth rates and longevity, and how these can be affected by mitochondrial cellular metabolism, and oxidative stress.
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18
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Zheng Y, Fan J, Chen HW, Liu EQ. Trametes orientalis polysaccharide alleviates PM2.5-induced lung injury in mice through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Funct 2019; 10:8005-8015. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trametes orientalis polysaccharide (TOP-2) could alleviate PM2.5-induced lung injury in mice via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
| | - Hong-wei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
| | - En-qi Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
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19
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Wu W, Xiao Z, An W, Dong Y, Zhang B. Dietary sodium butyrate improves intestinal development and function by modulating the microbial community in broilers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197762. [PMID: 29795613 PMCID: PMC5967726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation, provided as a specially coated product, on growth performance, intestinal development, morphological structure and function in broilers. In total, 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated into six treatment groups with six replicates each and then fed basal diets (control) supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 800 or 1000 mg/kg of SB or with antibiotics (100 mg/kg aureomycin and 20 mg/kg colistin sulfate). The growth trial lasted for 42 days. No differences (P>0.05) in growth performance were detected between groups during the grower period (1–21 d) or over the total (1–42 d) trial period, whereas the addition of SB improved the intestinal structure by stimulating (P<0.05) goblet cells on jejunal and ileal villi accompanied by a trend towards increased (Pdiets<0.10) ileal villus height. In addition, more inerratic leaf-shaped villi and mucus secretion and significantly fewer erosions were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Apart from decreased (P<0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ileal mucosa at 21 d of age, supplemental SB at higher doses (800 mg/kg) led to greater (P<0.05) total antioxidant capacity and depressed (P<0.05) MDA concentrations in the jejunal mucosa. Birds fed with 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg SB had higher (P<0.05) acetic acid concentrations at 42 d and higher butyric acid at 21 d in the jejunum chyme. Morever, chicks fed SB diet were found to have higher concentrations of butyric acid (P<0.05) in the ileal chyme. SB additions at 400 mg/kg displayed higher Firmicutes and Proteobacteria levels, while a higher (P<0.05) relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was observed at 800 mg/kg. Furthermore, we found a striking decrease in Enterobacteriaceae and increases in Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae in the cecal lumen of birds fed 800 mg/kg SB as well as a higher proportion of Ruminococcaceae and a noticeable reduction (P<0.05) of Lactobacillaceae in birds treated with 400 mg/kg SB. Taken together, our results support the importance of SB in improving the intestinal development, morphological structure and biological functions of broilers through modulation of the microbial community, which seems to be optimized for gut health at higher doses (800 mg/kg) of SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi An
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Maronde L, Losdat S, Richner H. Do parasites and antioxidant availability affect begging behaviour, growth rate and resistance to oxidative stress? J Evol Biol 2018; 31:904-913. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Maronde
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Losdat
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Heinz Richner
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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21
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Stynoski JL, Stynoski PB, Noble VR. Empirical evidence for multiple costs of begging in poison frog tadpoles. ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Injaian AS, Taff CC, Patricelli GL. Experimental anthropogenic noise impacts avian parental behaviour, nestling growth and nestling oxidative stress. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Parolini M, Possenti CD, Karadas F, Colombo G, Romano M, Caprioli M, Dalle-Donne I, Rubolini D, Milzani A, Saino N. Yolk vitamin E positively affects prenatal growth but not oxidative status in yellow-legged gull embryos. Curr Zool 2017; 64:285-292. [PMID: 30402069 PMCID: PMC6007762 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental effects occur whenever the phenotype of parents or the environment that they experience influences the phenotype and fitness of their offspring. In birds, parental effects are often mediated by the size and biochemical quality of the eggs in terms of maternally transferred components. Exogenous antioxidants are key egg components that accomplish crucial physiological functions during early life. Among these, vitamin E plays a vital role during prenatal development when the intense metabolism accompanying rapid embryo growth results in overproduction of pro-oxidant molecules. Studies of captive birds have demonstrated the positive effect of vitamin E supplementation on diverse phenotypic traits of hatchling and adult individuals, but its effects on embryo phenotype has never been investigated neither in captivity nor under a natural selection regime. In the present study, we experimentally tested the effect of the in ovo supplementation of vitamin E on morphological traits and oxidative status of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) embryos. The supplementation of vitamin E promoted somatic growth in embryos soon before hatching, but did not affect their oxidative status. Our results suggest that maternally transferred vitamin E concentrations are optimized to prevent imbalances of oxidative status and the consequent raise of oxidative damage in yellow-legged gull embryos during prenatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Daniela Possenti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filiz Karadas
- Department of Animal Science, University of Yüzüncü Yil, 65090 Van, Turkey
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Romano
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Caprioli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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24
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Zheng Y, Zong ZM, Chen SL, Chen AH, Wei XY. Ameliorative effect of Trametes orientalis polysaccharide against immunosuppression and oxidative stress in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:1216-1222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Boratyński Z, Arias JM, Garcia C, Mappes T, Mousseau TA, Møller AP, Pajares AJM, Piwczyński M, Tukalenko E. Ionizing radiation from Chernobyl affects development of wild carrot plants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39282. [PMID: 27982121 PMCID: PMC5159907 DOI: 10.1038/srep39282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactivity released from disasters like Chernobyl and Fukushima is a global hazard and a threat to exposed biota. To minimize the deleterious effects of stressors organisms adopt various strategies. Plants, for example, may delay germination or stay dormant during stressful periods. However, an intense stress may halt germination or heavily affect various developmental stages and select for life history changes. Here, we test for the consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation on plant development. We conducted a common garden experiment in an uncontaminated greenhouse using 660 seeds originating from 33 wild carrots (Daucus carota) collected near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. These maternal plants had been exposed to radiation levels that varied by three orders of magnitude. We found strong negative effects of elevated radiation on the timing and rates of seed germination. In addition, later stages of development and the timing of emergence of consecutive leaves were delayed by exposure to radiation. We hypothesize that low quality of resources stored in seeds, damaged DNA, or both, delayed development and halted germination of seeds from plants exposed to elevated levels of ionizing radiation. We propose that high levels of spatial heterogeneity in background radiation may hamper adaptive life history responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszek Boratyński
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Associated Laboratory of the University of Porto, Vairão, PT-4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Javi Miranda Arias
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Associated Laboratory of the University of Porto, Vairão, PT-4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Cristina Garcia
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Associated Laboratory of the University of Porto, Vairão, PT-4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timothy A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Anders P. Møller
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Antonio Jesús Muñoz Pajares
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Associated Laboratory of the University of Porto, Vairão, PT-4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marcin Piwczyński
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, UA-03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
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26
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Mariette MM, Buchanan KL. Prenatal acoustic communication programs offspring for high posthatching temperatures in a songbird. Science 2016; 353:812-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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Amunugama K, Jiao L, Olbricht GR, Walker C, Huang YW, Nam PK, Hou C. Cellular oxidative damage is more sensitive to biosynthetic rate than to metabolic rate: A test of the theoretical model on hornworms (Manduca sexta larvae). Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:73-80. [PMID: 27296440 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We develop a theoretical model from an energetic viewpoint for unraveling the entangled effects of metabolic and biosynthetic rates on oxidative cellular damage accumulation during animal's growth, and test the model by experiments in hornworms. The theoretical consideration suggests that most of the cellular damages caused by the oxidative metabolism can be repaired by the efficient maintenance mechanisms, if the energy required by repair is unlimited. However, during growth a considerable amount of energy is allocated to the biosynthesis, which entails tradeoffs with the requirements of repair. Thus, the model predicts that cellular damage is more influenced by the biosynthetic rate than the metabolic rate. To test the prediction, we induced broad variations in metabolic and biosynthetic rates in hornworms, and assayed the lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl. We found that the increase in the cellular damage was mainly caused by the increase in biosynthetic rate, and the variations in metabolic rate had negligible effect. The oxidative stress hypothesis of aging suggests that high metabolism leads to high cellular damage and short lifespan. However, some empirical studies showed that varying biosynthetic rate, rather than metabolic rate, changes animal's lifespan. The conflicts between the empirical evidence and the hypothesis are reconciled by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushalya Amunugama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Lihong Jiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Gayla R Olbricht
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Chance Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Paul K Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Chen Hou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States.
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28
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Casagrande S, Pinxten R, Eens M. Honest Signaling and Oxidative Stress: The Special Case of Avian Acoustic Communication. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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29
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Yu Z, Zhang J, Yin D. Multigenerational Effects of Heavy Metals on Feeding, Growth, Initial Reproduction and Antioxidants in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154529. [PMID: 27116222 PMCID: PMC4846010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies showed that toxicities of excessive metals lasted over generations. Yet, these studies mainly employed one-generation exposure, and the effects of multigenerational challenges need further studies. Presently, Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for four consecutive generations (G1 to G4) at environmental concentrations. The feeding, growth, initial reproduction, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. All data were represented in the percentage of that in control (POC), and POC in the control was normalized to 100%. In G1 and G2, the POC values in feeding, growth and initial reproduction were generally within 10% of the control (100%), indicating non-significant effects. The POC values in SOD and CAT were significantly higher than 100%, showing stimulatory effects. In G3 and G4, the POC values in feeding, growth and initial reproduction were significantly lower than 100%, showing inhibitory effects which were more severe in G4 than in G3. Meanwhile, SOD and CAT continuously showed stimulatory effects, and the stimulatory effects on SOD increased from G1 to G4. The effects with multigenerational challenges were different from those in one-generation exposure. The effects in later generations demonstrated the importance of multigenerational challenges in judging long-term influences of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenYang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - DaQiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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30
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Smith SM, Nager RG, Costantini D. Meta-analysis indicates that oxidative stress is both a constraint on and a cost of growth. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2833-42. [PMID: 27217942 PMCID: PMC4863009 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) as a proximate mechanism for life‐history trade‐offs is widespread in the literature. One such resource allocation trade‐off involves growth rate, and theory suggests that OS might act as both a constraint on and a cost of growth, yet studies investigating this have produced conflicting results. Here, we use meta‐analysis to investigate whether increased OS levels impact on growth (OS as a constraint on growth) and whether greater growth rates can increase OS (OS as a cost of growth). The role of OS as a constraint on growth was supported by the meta‐analysis. Greater OS, in terms of either increased damage or reduced levels of antioxidants, was associated with reduced growth although the effect depended on the experimental manipulation used. Our results also support an oxidative cost of growth, at least in terms of increased oxidative damage, although faster growth was not associated with a change in antioxidant levels. These findings that OS can act as a constraint on growth support theoretical links between OS and animal life histories and provide evidence for a growth–self‐maintenance trade‐off. Furthermore, the apparent oxidative costs of growth imply individuals cannot alter this trade‐off when faced with enhanced growth. We offer a starting platform for future research and recommend the use of oxidative damage biomarkers in nonlethal tissue to investigate the growth–OS relationship further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona M Smith
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Ruedi G Nager
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - David Costantini
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK; Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp 2610 Belgium
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31
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Early-Life Telomere Dynamics Differ between the Sexes and Predict Growth in the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142530. [PMID: 26565632 PMCID: PMC4643985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are conserved DNA-protein structures at the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes which contribute to maintenance of genome integrity, and their shortening leads to cell senescence, with negative consequences for organismal functions. Because telomere erosion is influenced by extrinsic and endogenous factors, telomere dynamics may provide a mechanistic basis for evolutionary and physiological trade-offs. Yet, knowledge of fundamental aspects of telomere biology under natural selection regimes, including sex- and context-dependent variation in early-life, and the covariation between telomere dynamics and growth, is scant. In this study of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) we investigated the sex-dependent telomere erosion during nestling period, and the covariation between relative telomere length and body and plumage growth. Finally, we tested whether any covariation between growth traits and relative telomere length depends on the social environment, as influenced by sibling sex ratio. Relative telomere length declined on average over the period of nestling maximal growth rate (between 7 and 16 days of age) and differently covaried with initial relative telomere length in either sex. The frequency distribution of changes in relative telomere length was bimodal, with most nestlings decreasing and some increasing relative telomere length, but none of the offspring traits predicted the a posteriori identified group to which individual nestlings belonged. Tail and wing length increased with relative telomere length, but more steeply in males than females, and this relationship held both at the within- and among-broods levels. Moreover, the increase in plumage phenotypic values was steeper when the sex ratio of an individual’s siblings was female-biased. Our study provides evidence for telomere shortening during early life according to subtly different dynamics in either sex. Furthermore, it shows that the positive covariation between growth and relative telomere length depends on sex as well as social environment, in terms of sibling sex ratio.
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Starting with a handicap: effects of asynchronous hatching on growth rate, oxidative stress and telomere dynamics in free-living great tits. Oecologia 2015; 179:999-1010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Takata M, Hayashi S, Thomas CE, Koyama S. The proximate cause of asynchronous hatching in the burying beetle Nicrophorus quadripunctatus. J ETHOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-015-0431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Pérez-Rodríguez L, Romero-Haro AA, Sternalski A, Muriel J, Mougeot F, Gil D, Alonso-Alvarez C. Measuring Oxidative Stress: The Confounding Effect of Lipid Concentration in Measures of Lipid Peroxidation. Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:345-51. [DOI: 10.1086/680688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jiang Y, Zhang WH, Gao F, Zhou GH. Micro-encapsulated sodium butyrate attenuates oxidative stress induced by corticosterone exposure and modulates apoptosis in intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of micro-encapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by dietary corticosterone (CORT) in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens. In total, 120 1-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups and were fed on a control diet (without MSB) or 0.4 g MSB/kg diet. Each treatment had six replicates with five chickens each. From 7 days of age onward, 50% of the chickens in each dietary treatment were subjected to CORT treatment (30 mg/kg of diet). The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that CORT administration decreased (P < 0.001) feed intake and bodyweight gain and increased (P < 0.001) feed to gain ratio (F : G) of broiler chickens. The dietary MSB supplementation decreased (P < 0.01) F : G and there was an interaction between MSB and CORT on F : G (P < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in intestinal mucosa were decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001), and the concentrations of malondialdehyde in the intestinal mucosa were elevated (P < 0.01) by CORT administration. In contrast, treatment of MSB increased (P < 0.01) the catalase activities in duodenal and jejunal mucosa and decreased (P < 0.01) the malondialdehyde concentrations in duodenal mucosa. Higher apoptosis index and lower mRNA expressions of bcl-2 in intestinal epithelial cells were induced (P < 0.05) by CORT treatment. However, MSB decreased (P < 0.05) the apoptosis index and increased the bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that dietary MSB can partially attenuate oxidative stress induced by CORT treatment and inhibit apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in broiler chickens.
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Noguera JC, Monaghan P, Metcalfe NB. Interactive effects of early and later nutritional conditions on the adult antioxidant defence system in zebra finches. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:2211-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.120956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, antioxidant defences comprise a mixture of endogenously produced components and exogenously obtained antioxidants that are derived mostly from the diet. It has been suggested that early life micronutritional conditions might influence the way in which the antioxidant defence system operates, which could enable individuals to adjust the activity of the endogenous and exogenous components in line with their expected intake of dietary antioxidants if the future environment resembles the past. We investigated this possibility by experimentally manipulating the micronutrient content of the diet during different periods of postnatal development in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Birds that had a low micronutrient diet during the growth phase initially had a lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC) than those reared under a high micronutrient diet, but then showed a compensatory response, so that by the end of the growth phase the TAC of the two groups was the same. Interestingly, we found an interactive effect of micronutrient intake early and late in development: only those birds that continued with the same dietary treatment (low or high) throughout development showed a significant increase in their TAC during the period of sexual maturation. A similar effect was also found in the level of enzymatic antioxidant defences (glutathione peroxidase; GPx). No significant effects were found in the level of oxidative damage in lipids (MDA). These findings demonstrate the importance of early and late developmental conditions in shaping multiple aspects of the antioxidant system. Furthermore, they suggest that young birds may adjust their antioxidant defences to enable them to ‘thrive’ on diets rich or poor in micronutrients later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C. Noguera
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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37
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Maronde L, Richner H. Effects of increased begging and vitamin E supplements on oxidative stress and fledging probability. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sex-specific effects of prenatal and postnatal nutritional conditions on the oxidative status of great tit nestlings. Oecologia 2014; 177:123-31. [PMID: 25376155 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The early life period is characterized by fast growth and development, which can lead to high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Young animals thus have to balance their investment in growth versus ROS defence, and this balance is likely mediated by resource availability. Consequently resources transferred prenatally by the mother and nutritional conditions experienced shortly after birth may crucially determine the oxidative status of young animals. Here, we experimentally investigated the relative importance of pre- and early postnatal nutritional conditions on the oxidative status of great tit nestlings (Parus major). We show that resources transferred by the mother through the egg and nutritional conditions encountered after hatching affect the oxidative status of nestling in a sex-specific way. Daughters of non-supplemented mothers and daughters which did not receive extra food during the early postnatal period had higher oxidative damage than sons, while no differences between sons and daughters were found when extra food was provided pre- or postnatally. No effect of the food supplementations on growth, fledging mass or tarsus length was observed, indicating that female nestlings maintained their investment in growth at the expense of ROS defence mechanisms when resources were limited. The lower priority of the antioxidant defence system for female nestlings was also evidenced by lower levels of specific antioxidant components. These results highlight the important role of early parental effects in shaping oxidative stress in the offspring, and show that the sensitivity to these parental effects is sex-specific.
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Losdat S, Helfenstein F, Blount JD, Richner H. Resistance to oxidative stress shows low heritability and high common environmental variance in a wild bird. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1990-2000. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Losdat
- School of Biological Sciences; Zoology Building; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - F. Helfenstein
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - J. D. Blount
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; College of Life & Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn UK
| | - H. Richner
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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40
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Takata M, Hayashi S, Thomas CE, Koyama S, Satoh T, Fugo H. Asynchronous hatching in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus quadripunctatus, maxmizes parental fitness. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1830-6. [PMID: 24898472 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Life history theory predicts that natural selection favours parents who balance investment across offspring to maximize fitness. Theoretical studies have shown that the optimal level of parental investment from the offspring's perspective exceeds that of its parents, and the disparity between the two generates evolutionary conflict for the allocation of parental investment. In various species, the offspring hatch asynchronously. The age hierarchy of the offspring usually establishes competitive asymmetries within the brood and determines the allocation of parental investment among offspring. However, it is not clear whether the allocation of parental investment determined by hatching pattern is optimal for parent or offspring. Here, we manipulated the hatching pattern of the burying beetle Nicrophorus quadripunctatus to demonstrate the influence of hatching pattern on the allocation of parental investment. We found that the total weight of a brood was largest in the group that mimicked the natural hatching pattern, with the offspring skewed towards early hatchers. This increases parental fitness. However, hatching patterns with more later hatchers had heavier individual offspring weights, which increases offspring fitness, but this hatching pattern is not observed in the wild. Thus, our study suggests that the natural hatching pattern optimizes parental fitness, rather than offspring fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takata
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Marri V, Richner H. Differential effects of vitamins E and C and carotenoids on growth, resistance to oxidative stress, fledging success and plumage colouration in wild great tits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:1478-84. [PMID: 24436384 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.096826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of reactive species and antioxidants, which causes damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Antioxidants, like vitamins and carotenoids, can limit oxidative damage and can therefore regulate the trade-off between growth, which is a period of high reactive species production, and self-maintenance. However, the role of carotenoids as antioxidants in vivo has been debated, and it has been suggested that carotenoid-based signals indicate the availability of non-pigmentary antioxidants (e.g. vitamins) that protect carotenoids from oxidation, known as the 'protection hypothesis'. To evaluate the importance of vitamins versus carotenoids as antioxidants during growth and to test the protection hypothesis, we supplemented nestling great tits, Parus major, 3, 5 and 7 days after hatching with a single dose of carotenoids and/or vitamins in a 2×2 full-factorial design. We subsequently measured body condition, antioxidant capacity, oxidative damage, fledging success and plumage reflectance. Vitamins enhanced antioxidant capacity, but did not affect oxidative damage. Vitamin-treated nestlings had higher growth rates and higher probability of fledging. In contrast, carotenoids did not affect any of these traits. Furthermore, carotenoid-based colouration increased over the breeding season in nestlings that received vitamins only. This study shows that vitamins are limiting for growth rate and fledging success, and suggests that vitamins could regulate the trade-off between growth and self-maintenance in favour of the former. Moreover, our results are consistent with the idea that carotenoids are minor antioxidants in birds, but they do not support the protection hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Marri
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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42
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43
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Kim SY, Noguera JC, Tato A, Velando A. Vitamins, stress and growth: the availability of antioxidants in early life influences the expression of cryptic genetic variation. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1341-52. [PMID: 23517061 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental inputs during early development can shape the expression of phenotypes, which has long-lasting consequences in physiology and life history of an organism. Here, we study whether experimentally manipulated availability of dietary antioxidants, vitamins C and E, influences the expression of genetic variance for antioxidant defence, endocrine signal and body mass in yellow-legged gull chicks using quantitative genetic models based on full siblings. Our experimental study in a natural population reveals that the expression of genetic variance in total antioxidant capacity in plasma increased in chicks supplemented with vitamins C and E despite the negligible effects on the average phenotype. This suggests that individuals differ in their ability to capture and transport dietary antioxidants or to respond to these extra resources, and importantly, this ability has a genetic basis. Corticosterone level in plasma and body mass were negatively correlated at the phenotypic level. Significant genetic variance of corticosterone level appeared only in control chicks nonsupplemented with vitamins, suggesting that the genetic variation of endocrine system, which transmits environmental cues to adaptively control chick development, appeared in stressful conditions (i.e. poor antioxidant availability). Therefore, environmental inputs may shape evolutionary trajectories of antioxidant capacity and endocrine system by affecting the expression of cryptic genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Kim
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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44
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Losdat S, Helfenstein F, Blount JD, Marri V, Maronde L, Richner H. Nestling erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress predicts fledging success but not local recruitment in a wild bird. Biol Lett 2012; 9:20120888. [PMID: 23097463 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful conditions experienced by individuals during their early development have long-term consequences on various life-history traits such as survival until first reproduction. Oxidative stress has been shown to affect various fitness-related traits and to influence key evolutionary trade-offs but whether an individual's ability to resist oxidative stress in early life affects its survival has rarely been tested. In the present study, we used four years of data obtained from a free-living great tit population (Parus major; n = 1658 offspring) to test whether pre-fledging resistance to oxidative stress, measured as erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress and oxidative damage to lipids, predicted fledging success and local recruitment. Fledging success and local recruitment, both major correlates of survival, were primarily influenced by offspring body mass prior to fledging. We found that pre-fledging erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress predicted fledging success, suggesting that individual resistance to oxidative stress is related to short-term survival. However, local recruitment was not influenced by pre-fledging erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress or oxidative damage. Our results suggest that an individual ability to resist oxidative stress at the offspring stage predicts short-term survival but does not influence survival later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Losdat
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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45
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Maternal effects on begging behaviour: an experimental demonstration of the effects of laying sequence, hatch order, nestling sex and brood size. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Maternal effects in the highly communal sociable weaver may exacerbate brood reduction and prepare offspring for a competitive social environment. Oecologia 2012; 171:379-89. [PMID: 22948278 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal effects can influence offspring phenotype with short- and long-term consequences. Yet, how the social environment may influence egg composition is not well understood. Here, we investigate how laying order and social environment predict maternal effects in the sociable weaver, Philetairus socius, a species that lives in massive communal nests which may be occupied by only a few to 100+ individuals in a single nest. This range of social environments is associated with variation in a number of phenotypic and life-history traits. We investigate whether maternal effects are adjusted accordingly. We found no evidence for the prediction that females might benefit from modifying brood hierarchies through an increased deposition of androgens with laying order. Instead, females appear to exacerbate brood reduction by decreasing the costly production of yolk mass and antioxidants with laying order. Additionally, we found that this effect did not depend on colony size. Finally, in accordance with an expected increased intensity of environmental stress with increasing colony size, we found that yolk androgen concentration increased with colony size. This result suggests that females may enhance the competitive ability of offspring raised in larger colonies, possibly preparing the offspring for a competitive social environment.
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47
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Selman C, Blount JD, Nussey DH, Speakman JR. Oxidative damage, ageing, and life-history evolution: where now? Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:570-7. [PMID: 22789512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The idea that resources are limited and animals can maximise fitness by trading costly activities off against one another forms the basis of life-history theory. Although investment in reproduction or growth negatively affects survival, the mechanisms underlying such trade-offs remain obscure. One plausible mechanism is oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we critically evaluate the premise that ROS-induced oxidative damage shapes life history, focussing on birds and mammals, and highlight the importance of ecological studies examining free-living animals within this experimental framework. We conclude by emphasising the value of using multiple assays to determine oxidative protection and damage. We also highlight the importance of using standardised and appropriate protocols, and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Selman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
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Moreno-Rueda G, Redondo T, Trenzado CE, Sanz A, Zúñiga JM. Oxidative stress mediates physiological costs of begging in magpie (Pica pica) nestlings. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40367. [PMID: 22808144 PMCID: PMC3393730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical models predict that a cost is necessary to guarantee honesty in begging displays given by offspring to solicit food from their parents. There is evidence for begging costs in the form of a reduced growth rate and immunocompetence. Moreover, begging implies vigorous physical activity and attentiveness, which should increase metabolism and thus the releasing of pro-oxidant substances. Consequently, we predict that soliciting offspring incur a cost in terms of oxidative stress, and growth rate and immune response (processes that generate pro-oxidants substances) are reduced in order to maintain oxidative balance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We test whether magpie (Pica pica) nestlings incur a cost in terms of oxidative stress when experimentally forced to beg intensively, and whether oxidative balance is maintained by reducing growth rate and immune response. Our results show that begging provokes oxidative stress, and that nestlings begging for longer bouts reduce growth and immune response, thereby maintaining their oxidative status. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings help explaining the physiological link between begging and its associated growth and immunocompetence costs, which seems to be mediated by oxidative stress. Our study is a unique example of the complex relationships between the intensity of a communicative display (begging), oxidative stress, and life-history traits directly linked to viability.
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Eeva T, Rainio M, Kanerva M, Salminen JP. Plasma carotenoid levels are not directly related to heavy metal exposure or reproductive success in three insectivorous passerines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1363-1369. [PMID: 22488531 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors measured plasma carotenoid levels in three insectivorous bird species, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), and the great tit (Parus major) in metal-polluted and unpolluted sites around a copper smelter. Their aim was to determine whether there was interspecific, age-related, or yearly variation in carotenoid levels and their responses to the ambient pollution level. The three bird species showed qualitatively and quantitatively similar carotenoid profiles, with lutein being always the predominant plasma carotenoid. Ficedula hypoleuca nestlings showed higher plasma carotenoid levels in the unpolluted than in the polluted area, whereas no significant differences were found in F. hypoleuca females or in nestlings or females of the Parids. Yearly comparison of plasma concentrations (only for P. major nestlings) showed, however, that levels varied nonsynchronously between polluted and unpolluted sites among the breeding seasons, with the yearly variation being higher in the polluted area. The survival of nestlings did not depend on their plasma carotenoid concentrations. The two Parid species showed lower nestling survival at sites with high metal exposure levels. The authors conclude that plasma carotenoid levels showed a marked spatial, temporal, and age-related variation, but were not directly related to heavy metal exposure or the reproductive success of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Eeva
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland.
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50
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Saino N, Romano M, Ambrosini R, Rubolini D, Boncoraglio G, Caprioli M, Romano A. Longevity and lifetime reproductive success of barn swallow offspring are predicted by their hatching date and phenotypic quality. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:1004-12. [PMID: 22531043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Longevity is a major determinant of individual differences in Darwinian fitness. Several studies have analyzed the stochastic, time-dependent causes of variation in longevity, but little information exists from free-ranging animal populations on the effects that environmental conditions and phenotype early in ontogeny have on duration of life. 2. In this long-term (1993-2011) study of a migratory, colonial, passerine bird, the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), we analyzed longevity and, in a subsample of individuals, lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of the offspring that reached sexual maturity in relation to hatching date, which can affect the rearing environment through a seasonal deterioration in ecological conditions. Moreover, we analyzed the consequences of variation in body size and, for the first time in any species, of a major component of immunity on longevity, both by looking at absolute phenotypic values and at deviations from the brood mean. 3. Accelerated failure time models showed that individuals of both sexes that hatched early in any breeding season enjoyed larger longevity and larger LRS, indicating directional selection for early breeding. Both male and female offspring with large T cell-mediated immune response relative to their siblings and female nestlings that dominated the brood size/age hierarchy had larger longevity than their siblings of inferior phenotypic quality/age. Conversely, absolute phenotypic values did not predict longevity. 4. Frailty modelling disclosed marked spatial heterogeneity in longevity among colonies of origin, again stressing the impact of rearing conditions on longevity. 5. This study therefore reinforces the notion that perinatal environment and maternal decisions over timing and site of breeding, and position in the brood hierarchy can have marked effects on progeny life history that extend well into adulthood. In addition, it provides the first evidence from any bird population in the wild that immune response when nestlings predicts individuals' longevity after sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Saino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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