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Xu X, Duan S, Hua X, Li Z, He R, Zhaang Z. Stable inheritance of H3.3-containing nucleosomes during mitotic cell divisions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2514. [PMID: 35523900 PMCID: PMC9076889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized H3.1 and H3.3 histones are assembled into nucleosomes by different histone chaperones in replication-coupled and replication-independent pathways, respectively. However, it is not clear how parental H3.3 molecules are transferred following DNA replication, especially when compared to H3.1. Here, by monitoring parental H3.1- and H3.3-SNAP signals, we show that parental H3.3, like H3.1, are stably transferred into daughter cells. Moreover, Mcm2-Pola1 and Pole3-Pole4, two pathways involved in parental histone transfer based upon the analysis of modifications on parental histones, participate in the transfer of both H3.1 and H3.3 following DNA replication. Lastly, we found that Mcm2, Pole3 and Pole4 mutants defective in parental histone transfer show defects in chromosome segregation. These results indicate that in contrast to deposition of newly synthesized H3.1 and H3.3, transfer of parental H3.1 and H3.3 is mediated by these shared mechanisms, which contributes to epigenetic memory of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability. How nucleosome assembly of parental histones is regulated following DNA replication is still an open question. Here the authors show that unlike deposition of new histones H3.1 and H3.3 that utilizes different histone chaperones, parental H3.1 and H3.3 are both stably inherited during mitotic cell division in mouse embryonic stem cells, and this involves histone chaperones Mcm2, Pole3 and Pole4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shoufu Duan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xu Hua
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiming Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard He
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhaang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Aoki K, Niki H. Release of condensin from mitotic chromosomes requires the Ran-GTP gradient in the reorganized nucleus. Biol Open 2017; 6:1614-1628. [PMID: 28954740 PMCID: PMC5703609 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After mitosis, nuclear reorganization occurs together with decondensation of mitotic chromosomes and reformation of the nuclear envelope, thereby restoring the Ran-GTP gradient between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The Ran-GTP gradient is dependent on Pim1/RCC1. Interestingly, a defect in Pim1/RCC1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe causes postmitotic condensation of chromatin, namely hypercondensation, suggesting a relationship between the Ran-GTP gradient and chromosome decondensation. However, how Ran-GTP interacts with chromosome decondensation is unresolved. To examine this interaction, we used Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, which is known to undergo partial breakdown of the nuclear membrane during mitosis. We found that Pim1/RCC1 was localized on nuclear pores, but this localization failed in a temperature-sensitive mutant of Pim1/RCC1. The mutant cells exhibited hypercondensed chromatin after mitosis due to prolonged association of condensin on the chromosomes. Conceivably, a condensin-dephosphorylation defect might cause hypercondensed chromatin, since chromosomal localization of condensin is dependent on phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Indeed, CDK-phospho-mimic mutation of condensin alone caused untimely condensin localization, resulting in hypercondensed chromatin. Together, these results suggest that dephosphorylation of CDK sites of condensin might require the Ran-GTP gradient produced by nuclear pore-localized Pim1/RCC1. Summary: A mutant of Pim1/RCC1 caused hypercondensed chromatin after mitosis due to prolonged association of condensin on chromosomes, suggesting that dephosphorylation of CDK sites of condensin might require Ran-GTP after mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Aoki
- Microbial Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan .,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hironori Niki
- Microbial Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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3
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Borek WE, Groocock LM, Samejima I, Zou J, de Lima Alves F, Rappsilber J, Sawin KE. Mto2 multisite phosphorylation inactivates non-spindle microtubule nucleation complexes during mitosis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7929. [PMID: 26243668 PMCID: PMC4918325 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule nucleation is highly regulated during the eukaryotic cell cycle, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. During mitosis in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation ceases simultaneously with intranuclear mitotic spindle assembly. Cytoplasmic nucleation depends on the Mto1/2 complex, which binds and activates the γ-tubulin complex and also recruits the γ-tubulin complex to both centrosomal (spindle pole body) and non-centrosomal sites. Here we show that the Mto1/2 complex disassembles during mitosis, coincident with hyperphosphorylation of Mto2 protein. By mapping and mutating multiple Mto2 phosphorylation sites, we generate mto2-phosphomutant strains with enhanced Mto1/2 complex stability, interaction with the γ-tubulin complex and microtubule nucleation activity. A mutant with 24 phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine, mto2[24A], retains interphase-like behaviour even in mitotic cells. This provides a molecular-level understanding of how phosphorylation ‘switches off' microtubule nucleation complexes during the cell cycle and, more broadly, illuminates mechanisms regulating non-centrosomal microtubule nucleation. In S. pombe, cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation, which depends on the Mto1/2 complex, ceases during mitosis. Here, Borek et al., show that multisite phosphorylation of Mto1/2 during mitosis disassembles the Mto1/2 complex and prevents microtubule nucleation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika E Borek
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Lynda M Groocock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Itaru Samejima
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Flavia de Lima Alves
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- 1] Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK [2] Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 13355, Germany
| | - Kenneth E Sawin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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Oki M, Ma L, Wang Y, Hatanaka A, Miyazato C, Tatebayashi K, Nishitani H, Uchida H, Nishimoto T. Identification of novel suppressors for Mog1 implies its involvement in RNA metabolism, lipid metabolism and signal transduction. Gene 2007; 400:114-21. [PMID: 17651922 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mog1 is conserved from yeast to mammal, but its function is obscure. We isolated yeast genes that rescued a temperature-sensitive death of S. cerevisiae Scmog1Delta, and of S. pombe Spmog1(ts). Scmog1Delta was rescued by Opi3p, a phospholipid N-methyltransferase, in addition to S. cerevisiae Ran-homologue Gsp1p, and a RanGDP binding protein Ntf2p. On the other hand, Spmog1(ts) was rescued by Cid13 that is a poly (A) polymerase specific for suc22(+) mRNA encoding a subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, Ssp1 that is a protein kinase involved in stress response pathway, and Crp79 that is required for mRNA export, in addition to Spi1, S. pombe Ran-homologue, and Nxt2, S. pombe homologue of Ntf2p. Consistent with the identification of those suppressors, lack of ScMog1p dislocates Opi3p from the nuclear membrane and all of Spmog1(ts) showed the nuclear accumulation of mRNA. Furthermore, SpMog1 was co-precipitated with Nxt2 and Cid13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Oki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Sato M, Toda T. Alp7/TACC is a crucial target in Ran-GTPase-dependent spindle formation in fission yeast. Nature 2007; 447:334-7. [PMID: 17476213 DOI: 10.1038/nature05773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential intracellular structures involved in several cellular phenomena, including polarity establishment and chromosome segregation. Because the nuclear envelope persists during mitosis (closed mitosis) in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), cytoplasmic microtubules must be reorganized into the spindle in the compartmentalized nucleus on mitotic entry. An ideal mechanism might be to take advantage of an evolutionarily conserved microtubule formation system that uses the Ran-GTPase nuclear transport machinery, but no targets of Ran for spindle formation have been identified in yeast. Here we show that a microtubule-associated protein, Alp7, which forms a complex with Alp14, is a target of Ran in yeast for spindle formation. The Ran-deficient pim1 mutant (pim1-F201S) failed to show mitosis-specific nuclear accumulation of Alp7. Moreover, this mutant exhibited compromised spindle formation and early mitotic delay. Importantly, these defects were suppressed by Alp7 that was artificially targeted to the nucleus by a Ran-independent and importin-alpha-mediated system. Thus, Ran targets Alp7-Alp14 to achieve nuclear spindle formation, and might differentiate its targets depending on whether the organism undergoes closed or open mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sato
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
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