1
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Wang H, Ye M, Jin X. Role of angiomotin family members in human diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:258. [PMID: 38766307 PMCID: PMC11099588 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiomotin (Amot) family members, including Amot, Amot-like protein 1 (Amotl1) and Amot-like protein 2 (Amotl2), have been found to interact with angiostatins. In addition, Amot family members are involved in various physiological and pathological functions such as embryonic development, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Some studies have also demonstrated its regulation in signaling pathways such as the Hippo signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathways. Amot family members play an important role in neural stem cell differentiation, dendritic formation and synaptic maturation. In addition, an increasing number of studies have focused on their function in promoting and/or suppressing cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present review integrated relevant studies on upstream regulation and downstream signals of Amot family members, as well as the latest progress in physiological and pathological functions and clinical applications, hoping to offer important ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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2
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Xu XC, Jiang JX, Zhou YQ, He S, Liu Y, Li YQ, Wei PP, Bei JX, Sun J, Luo CL. SRSF3/AMOTL1 splicing axis promotes the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through regulating the nucleus translocation of YAP1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:511. [PMID: 37558679 PMCID: PMC10412622 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of serine/arginine splicing factors (SRSFs) and abnormal alternative splicing (AS) have been widely implicated in various cancers but scarcely investigated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here we examine the expression of 12 classical SRSFs between 87 NPC and 10 control samples, revealing a significant upregulation of SRSF3 and its association with worse prognosis in NPC. Functional assays demonstrate that SRSF3 exerts an oncogenic function in NPC progression. Transcriptome analysis reveals 1,934 SRSF3-regulated AS events in genes related to cell cycle and mRNA metabolism. Among these events, we verify the generation of a long isoform of AMOTL1 (AMOTL1-L) through a direct bond of the SRSF3 RRM domain with the exon 12 of AMOTL1 to promote exon inclusion. Functional studies also reveal that AMOTL1-L promotes the proliferation and migration of NPC cells, while AMOTL1-S does not. Furthermore, overexpression of AMOTL1-L, but not -S, significantly rescues the inhibitory effects of SRSF3 knockdown. Additionally, compared with AMOTL1-S, AMOTL1-L has a localization preference in the intracellular than the cell membrane, leading to a more robust interaction with YAP1 to promote nucleus translocation. Our findings identify SRSF3/AMOTL1 as a novel alternative splicing axis with pivotal roles in NPC development, which could serve as promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Shuai He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qi Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Wei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China.
| | - Chun-Ling Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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3
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Cao R, Zhu R, Sha Z, Qi S, Zhong Z, Zheng F, Lei Y, Tan Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yu FX. WWC1/2 regulate spinogenesis and cognition in mice by stabilizing AMOT. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:491. [PMID: 37528078 PMCID: PMC10394084 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
WWC1 regulates episodic learning and memory, and genetic nucleotide polymorphism of WWC1 is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanism through which WWC1 regulates neuronal function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that WWC1 and its paralogs (WWC2/3) bind directly to angiomotin (AMOT) family proteins (Motins), and recruit USP9X to deubiquitinate and stabilize Motins. Deletion of WWC genes in different cell types leads to reduced protein levels of Motins. In mice, neuron-specific deletion of Wwc1 and Wwc2 results in reduced expression of Motins and lower density of dendritic spines in the cortex and hippocampus, in association with impaired cognitive functions such as memory and learning. Interestingly, ectopic expression of AMOT partially rescues the neuronal phenotypes associated with Wwc1/2 deletion. Thus, WWC proteins modulate spinogenesis and cognition, at least in part, by regulating the protein stability of Motins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyi Cao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhao Sha
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sixian Qi
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhong
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fengyun Zheng
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubin Lei
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanfeng Tan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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4
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Amirifar P, Kissil J. The role of Motin family proteins in tumorigenesis-an update. Oncogene 2023; 42:1265-1271. [PMID: 36973516 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The Motin protein family consists of three members: AMOT (p80 and p130 isoforms), AMOT-like protein 1 (AMOTL1), and AMOT-like protein 2 (AMOTL2). The family members play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, tight junction formation, and cell polarity. These functions are mediated through the involvement of the Motins in the regulation of different signal transduction pathways, including those regulated by small G-proteins and the Hippo-YAP pathway. One of the more characterized aspects of Motin family function is their role in regulating signaling through the Hippo-YAP pathway, and while some studies suggest a YAP-inhibitory function other studies indicate the Motins are required for YAP activity. This duality is also reflected in previous reports, often contradictory, that suggest the Motin proteins can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in tumorigenesis. In this review we summarize recent findings and integrate that with the existing work describing the multifunctional role of the Motins in different cancers. The emerging picture suggests that the Motin protein function is cell-type and context dependent and that further investigation in relevant cell types and whole organism models is required for the elucidation of the function of this protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amirifar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Kissil
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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5
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CircAMOTL1 RNA and AMOTL1 Protein: Complex Functions of AMOTL1 Gene Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032103. [PMID: 36768425 PMCID: PMC9916871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the cellular proteome facilitates the control of a wide range of cellular processes. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, greatly contribute to the repertoire of tools used by cells to orchestrate various functions. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a specific class of non-coding RNAs that have recently emerged as a widely generated class of molecules produced from many eukaryotic genes that play essential roles in regulating cellular processes in health and disease. This review summarizes current knowledge about circRNAs and focuses on the functions of AMOTL1 circRNAs and AMOTL1 protein. Both products from the AMOTL1 gene have well-known functions in physiology, cancer, and other disorders. Using AMOTL1 as an example, we illustrate how focusing on both circRNAs and proteins produced from the same gene contributes to a better understanding of gene functions.
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6
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Tugizov S. Virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial tight junctions and its role in viral transmission and spread. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1943274. [PMID: 34241579 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.19432749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal, airway, intestinal, and genital mucosal epithelia are the main portals of entry for the majority of human pathogenic viruses. To initiate systemic infection, viruses must first be transmitted across the mucosal epithelium and then spread across the body. However, mucosal epithelia have well-developed tight junctions, which have a strong barrier function that plays a critical role in preventing the spread and dissemination of viral pathogens. Viruses can overcome these barriers by disrupting the tight junctions of mucosal epithelia, which facilitate paracellular viral penetration and initiate systemic disease. Disruption of tight and adherens junctions may also release the sequestered viral receptors within the junctional areas, and liberation of hidden receptors may facilitate viral infection of mucosal epithelia. This review focuses on possible molecular mechanisms of virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial junctions and its role in transmucosal viral transmission and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharof Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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7
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Tugizov S. Virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial tight junctions and its role in viral transmission and spread. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1943274. [PMID: 34241579 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1943274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal, airway, intestinal, and genital mucosal epithelia are the main portals of entry for the majority of human pathogenic viruses. To initiate systemic infection, viruses must first be transmitted across the mucosal epithelium and then spread across the body. However, mucosal epithelia have well-developed tight junctions, which have a strong barrier function that plays a critical role in preventing the spread and dissemination of viral pathogens. Viruses can overcome these barriers by disrupting the tight junctions of mucosal epithelia, which facilitate paracellular viral penetration and initiate systemic disease. Disruption of tight and adherens junctions may also release the sequestered viral receptors within the junctional areas, and liberation of hidden receptors may facilitate viral infection of mucosal epithelia. This review focuses on possible molecular mechanisms of virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial junctions and its role in transmucosal viral transmission and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharof Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Martin E, Girardello R, Dittmar G, Ludwig A. New insights into the organization and regulation of the apical polarity network in mammalian epithelial cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:7073-7095. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Martin
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | - Rossana Girardello
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology (NISB) Experimental Medicine Building Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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9
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Wang WJ, Lyu TJ, Li Z. Research Progress on PATJ and Underlying Mechanisms Associated with Functional Outcomes After Stroke. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2811-2818. [PMID: 34471355 PMCID: PMC8405222 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s310764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is an intrinsic property of epithelial cells regulated by scaffold proteins. The CRB (crumbs) complex is known to play a predominant role in the dynamic cooperative network of polarity scaffold proteins. PATJ (PALS1-associated tight junction) is the core component in the CRB complex and has been highly conserved throughout evolution. PATJ is crucial to several important events in organisms' survival, including embryonic development, cell polarity, and barrier establishment. A recent study shows that PATJ plays an important role in functional outcomes of stroke. In this article, we elaborate on the biological structure and physiological functions of PATJ and explore the underlying mechanisms of PATJ genetic polymorphism that are associated with poor functional outcomes in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wang
- Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jie Lyu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wigerius M, Quinn D, Fawcett JP. Emerging roles for angiomotin in the nervous system. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/655/eabc0635. [PMID: 33109746 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiomotins are a family of molecular scaffolding proteins that function to organize contact points (called tight junctions in vertebrates) between adjacent cells. Some angiomotin isoforms bind to the actin cytoskeleton and are part of signaling pathways that influence cell morphology and migration. Others cooperate with components of the Hippo signaling pathway and the associated networks to control organ growth. The 130-kDa isoform, AMOT-p130, has critical roles in neural stem cell differentiation, dendritic patterning, and synaptic maturation-attributes that are essential for normal brain development and are consistent with its association with autism. Here, we review and discuss the evidence that supports a role for AMOT-p130 in neuronal development in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wigerius
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Dylan Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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11
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Wei Y, Yee PP, Liu Z, Zhang L, Guo H, Zheng H, Anderson B, Gulley M, Li W. NEDD4L-mediated Merlin ubiquitination facilitates Hippo pathway activation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50642. [PMID: 33058421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor Merlin/NF2, a key activator of the Hippo pathway in growth control, is regulated by phosphorylation. However, it is uncertain whether additional post-translational modifications regulate Merlin. Here, we show that ubiquitination is required to activate Merlin in the Hippo pathway. Ubiquitinated Merlin is mostly conjugated by one or two ubiquitin molecules. Such modification is promoted by serine 518 dephosphorylation in response to Ca2+ signaling or cell detachment. Merlin ubiquitination is mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase, NEDD4L, which requires a scaffold protein, AMOTL1, to approach Merlin. Several NF2-patient-derived Merlin mutations disrupt its binding to AMOTL1 and its regulation by the AMOTL1-NEDD4L apparatus. Lysine (K) 396 is the major ubiquitin conjugation residue. Disruption of Merlin ubiquitination by the K396R mutation or NEDD4L depletion diminishes its binding to Lats1 and inhibits Lats1 activation. These effects are also accompanied by loss of Merlin's anti-mitogenic and tumor suppressive properties. Thus, we propose that dephosphorylation and ubiquitination compose an intramolecular relay to activate Merlin functions in activating the Hippo pathway during growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Wei
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Patricia P Yee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Benjamin Anderson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Gulley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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12
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Rouaud F, Sluysmans S, Flinois A, Shah J, Vasileva E, Citi S. Scaffolding proteins of vertebrate apical junctions: structure, functions and biophysics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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The Mammalian Crumbs Complex Defines a Distinct Polarity Domain Apical of Epithelial Tight Junctions. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2791-2804.e6. [PMID: 32531288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial apico-basal polarity is established through the asymmetric cortical distribution of the Par, Crumbs and Scribble polarity modules. Apical (Par and Crumbs) and basolateral (Scribble) polarity modules overlap at the apical-lateral border, which, in mammals, is defined by the apical junctional complex (AJC). The AJC is composed of tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) and plays fundamental roles in epithelial morphogenesis and plasticity. However, the molecular composition and precise sub-junctional organization of the AJC and its associated polarity regulators are not well defined. Here, we used the peroxidase APEX2 for quantitative proximity proteomics (QPP) and electron microscopy (EM) imaging to dissect the architecture of the AJC in fully polarized MDCK-II cells. We present a high-confidence proteome of the apical-lateral border in which TJ and AJ components and apical and lateral compartment markers are spatially resolved. We further demonstrate that the Crumbs complex (Pals1, PatJ, Lin7c, and Crumbs3) defines a hitherto unidentified membrane compartment apical of TJ, which we coin the vertebrate marginal zone (VMZ). QPP, imaging, and immunoprecipitation assays showed that the HOMER scaffolding proteins, PKN2 and PTPN13, and the membrane-proximal HIPPO pathway proteins ARHGAP29 and STXBP4 are recruited to the VMZ via the PDZ domains of PatJ. Taken together, our work defines the spatial and molecular organization of the apical-lateral border in mammalian epithelial cells, reveals an intriguing molecular and spatial conservation of invertebrate and vertebrate cell polarity protein domains, and identifies a VMZ-associated protein network implicated in HIPPO signaling and the control of the cortical actin cytoskeleton.
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14
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Brunner P, Hastar N, Kaehler C, Burdzinski W, Jatzlau J, Knaus P. AMOT130 drives BMP-SMAD signaling at the apical membrane in polarized cells. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:118-130. [PMID: 31800378 PMCID: PMC6960409 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The large isoform of the transmembrane protein angiomotin (AMOT130) controls cell proliferation and migration of many cell types. AMOT130 associates to the actin cytoskeleton and regulates tight-junction maintenance and signaling often via endosomal uptake of polarity proteins at tight junctions. AMOT130 is highly polarized and present only at the apical side of polarized cells. Here we show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) growth factor signaling and AMOT function are interlinked in apical-basal polarized cells. BMP6 controls AMOT internalization and endosomal trafficking in epithelial cells. AMOT130 interacts with the BMP receptor BMPR2 and facilitates SMAD activation and target gene expression. We further demonstrate that this effect of AMOT on BMP-SMAD signaling is dependent on endocytosis and specific to the apical side of polarized epithelial and endothelial cells. Knockdown of AMOT reduces SMAD signaling only from the apical side of polarized cells, while basolateral BMP-SMAD signaling is unaffected. This allows for the first time interference with BMP signaling in a polarized manner and identifies AMOT130 as a novel BMP signaling regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Brunner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Integrative Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nurcan Hastar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kaehler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiktor Burdzinski
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Heinemann U, Schuetz A. Structural Features of Tight-Junction Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6020. [PMID: 31795346 PMCID: PMC6928914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are complex supramolecular entities composed of integral membrane proteins, membrane-associated and soluble cytoplasmic proteins engaging in an intricate and dynamic system of protein-protein interactions. Three-dimensional structures of several tight-junction proteins or their isolated domains have been determined by X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy. These structures provide direct insight into molecular interactions that contribute to the formation, integrity, or function of tight junctions. In addition, the known experimental structures have allowed the modeling of ligand-binding events involving tight-junction proteins. Here, we review the published structures of tight-junction proteins. We show that these proteins are composed of a limited set of structural motifs and highlight common types of interactions between tight-junction proteins and their ligands involving these motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Heinemann
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schuetz
- Protein Production & Characterization Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Hashimoto M, Sasaki H. Epiblast Formation by TEAD-YAP-Dependent Expression of Pluripotency Factors and Competitive Elimination of Unspecified Cells. Dev Cell 2019; 50:139-154.e5. [PMID: 31204175 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The epiblast is a pluripotent cell population first formed in preimplantation embryos, and its quality is important for proper development. Here, we examined the mechanisms of epiblast formation and found that the Hippo pathway transcription factor TEAD and its coactivator YAP regulate expression of pluripotency factors. After specification of the inner cell mass, YAP accumulates in the nuclei and activates TEAD. TEAD activity is required for strong expression of pluripotency factors and is variable in the forming epiblast. Cells showing low TEAD activity are eliminated from the epiblast through cell competition. Pluripotency factor expression and MYC control cell competition downstream of TEAD activity. Cell competition eliminates unspecified cells and is required for proper organization of the epiblast. These results suggest that induction of pluripotency factors by TEAD activity and elimination of unspecified cells via cell competition ensure the production of an epiblast with naive pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Embryogenesis, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Laboratory for Embryogenesis, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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17
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Farrell A, Alahari S, Ermini L, Tagliaferro A, Litvack M, Post M, Caniggia I. Faulty oxygen sensing disrupts angiomotin function in trophoblast cell migration and predisposes to preeclampsia. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127009. [PMID: 30996134 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placenta development and a successful pregnancy is incumbent upon precise oxygen-dependent control of trophoblast migration/invasion. Persistent low oxygen leading to failed trophoblast invasion promotes inadequate spiral artery remodeling, a characteristic of preeclampsia. Angiomotin (AMOT) is a multifaceted scaffolding protein involved in cell polarity and migration, yet its upstream regulation and significance in the human placenta remain unknown. Herein, we show that AMOT is primarily expressed in migratory extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) of the intermediate and distal anchoring column. Its expression increases after 10 weeks of gestation when oxygen tension rises and EVT migration/invasion peaks. Time-lapse imaging confirmed that the AMOT 80-kDa isoform promotes migration of trophoblastic JEG3 and HTR-8/SVneo cells. In preeclampsia, however, AMOT expression is decreased and its localization to migratory fetomaternal interface EVTs is disrupted. We demonstrate that Jumonji C domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6), an oxygen sensor, positively regulates AMOT via oxygen-dependent lysyl hydroxylation. Furthermore, in vitro and ex vivo studies show that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates AMOT expression, its interaction with polarity protein PAR6, and its subcellular redistribution from tight junctions to cytoskeleton. Our data reveal an oxygen- and TGF-β-driven migratory function for AMOT in the human placenta, and implicate its deficiency in impaired trophoblast migration that plagues preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Farrell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Sruthi Alahari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Tagliaferro
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Litvack
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Institute of Medical Sciences, and.,Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, and.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Angiomotin-p130 inhibits β-catenin stability by competing with Axin for binding to tankyrase in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:179. [PMID: 30792381 PMCID: PMC6385204 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that Angiomotin (Amot)-p130 and Amot-p80 have different physiological functions. We hypothesized that Amot-p130 is a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, in contrast with the canonical oncogenicity of Amot-p80 or total Amot. To clarify the role of Amot-p130 in breast cancer, we performed real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, microarray, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and tumor sphere-formation assays in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and limited-dilution analysis in vivo. In this study, we showed that Amot-p130 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, transcriptional profiles indicated that genes differentially expressed in response to Amot-p130 knockdown were mostly related to β-catenin signaling in MCF7 cells. More importantly, most of the downstream partners of β-catenin were associated with stemness. In a further validation, Amot-p130 inhibited the cancer stem cell potential of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Amot-p130 decreased β-catenin stability by competing with Axin for binding to tankyrase, leading to a further inhibition of the WNT pathway. In conclusions, Amot-p130 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, disrupting β-catenin stability by competing with Axin for binding to tankyrase. Amot-p130 was identified as a potential target for WNT pathway-targeted therapies in breast cancer.
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19
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Angiomotin-Like 1 Links Paramyxovirus M Proteins to NEDD4 Family Ubiquitin Ligases. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020128. [PMID: 30708959 PMCID: PMC6410177 DOI: 10.3390/v11020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To define the links between paramyxovirus budding and cellular ESCRT machinery, we previously identified angiomotin-like 1 (AMOTL1) in a screen for host factors that bind to the matrix (M) protein of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). This protein harbors three L/PPXY sequences, allowing it to interact with WW domain containing proteins including NEDD4 family members. We hypothesize that paramyxoviruses use AMOTL1 as a linker to indirectly recruit the same NEDD4 ubiquitin ligases for budding that other enveloped viruses recruit directly through their PPXY late domains. In support of this hypothesis, we found that AMOTL1 could link together M proteins and NEDD4 family proteins in three-way co-IP experiments. Both PIV5 and mumps virus M proteins could be linked to the NEDD4 family proteins NEDD4-1, NEDD4L, and NEDL1, provided that AMOTL1 was co-expressed as a bridging protein. AMOT and AMOTL2 could not substitute for AMOTL1, as they lacked the ability to bind with paramyxovirus M proteins. Attachment of a PPXY late domain sequence to PIV5 M protein obviated the need for AMOTL1 as a linker between M and NEDD4 proteins. Together, these results suggest a novel host factor recruitment strategy for paramyxoviruses to achieve particle release.
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20
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Callus BA, Finch-Edmondson ML, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. YAPping about and not forgetting TAZ. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:253-276. [PMID: 30570758 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway has emerged as a major eukaryotic signalling pathway and is increasingly the subject of intense interest, as are the key effectors of canonical Hippo signalling, YES-associated protein (YAP) and TAZ. The Hippo pathway has key roles in diverse biological processes, including network signalling regulation, development, organ growth, tissue repair and regeneration, cancer, stem cell regulation and mechanotransduction. YAP and TAZ are multidomain proteins and function as transcriptional coactivators of key genes to evoke their biological effects. YAP and TAZ interact with numerous partners and their activities are controlled by a complex set of processes. This review provides an overview of Hippo signalling and its role in growth. In particular, the functional domains of YAP and TAZ and the complex mechanisms that regulate their protein stability and activity are discussed. Notably, the similarities and key differences are highlighted between the two paralogues including which partner proteins interact with which functional domains to regulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan L Finch-Edmondson
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney Medical School, Australia.,Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Research, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Steve D Wilton
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Research, Nedlands, Australia
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21
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Peck C, Virtanen P, Johnson D, Kimble-Hill AC. Using the Predicted Structure of the Amot Coiled Coil Homology Domain to Understand Lipid Binding. INDIANA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH 2018; 4:27-46. [PMID: 30957019 PMCID: PMC6448796 DOI: 10.14434/iujur.v4i1.24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiomotins (Amots) are a family of adapter proteins that modulate cellular polarity, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Amot family members have a characteristic lipid-binding domain, the coiled coil homology (ACCH) domain that selectively targets the protein to membranes, which has been directly linked to its regulatory role in the cell. Several spot blot assays were used to validate the regions of the domain that participate in its membrane association, deformation, and vesicle fusion activity, which indicated the need for a structure to define the mechanism. Therefore, we sought to understand the structure-function relationship of this domain in order to find ways to modulate these signaling pathways. After many failed attempts to crystallize the ACCH domain of each Amot family member for structural analysis, we decided to pursue homologous models that could be refined using small angle x-ray scattering data. Theoretical models were produced using the homology software SWISS-MODEL and threading software I-TASSER and LOMETS, followed by comparison to SAXS data for model selection and refinement. We present a theoretical model of the domain that is driven by alpha helices and short random coil regions. These alpha helical regions form a classic dimer interface followed by two wide spread legs that we predict to be the lipid binding interface.
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22
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Pires HR, Boxem M. Mapping the Polarity Interactome. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3521-3544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Moon S, Yeon Park S, Woo Park H. Regulation of the Hippo pathway in cancer biology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2303-2319. [PMID: 29602952 PMCID: PMC11105795 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, which is well conserved from Drosophila to humans, has emerged as the master regulator of organ size, as well as major cellular properties, such as cell proliferation, survival, stemness, and tissue homeostasis. The biological significance and deregulation of the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis have received a surge of interest in the past decade. In the current review, we present the major discoveries that made substantial contributions to our understanding of the Hippo pathway and discuss how Hippo pathway components contribute to cellular signaling, physiology, and their potential implications in anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Huang T, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Cheng ASL, Yu J, To KF, Kang W. The physiological role of Motin family and its dysregulation in tumorigenesis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:98. [PMID: 29650031 PMCID: PMC5898069 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Members in Motin family, or Angiomotins (AMOTs), are adaptor proteins that localize in the membranous, cytoplasmic or nuclear fraction in a cell context-dependent manner. They control the bioprocesses such as migration, tight junction formation, cell polarity, and angiogenesis. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that AMOTs participate in cancer initiation and progression. Many of the previous studies have focused on the involvement of AMOTs in Hippo-YAP1 pathway. However, it has been controversial for years that AMOTs serve as either positive or negative growth regulators in different cancer types because of the various cellular origins. The molecular mechanisms of these opposite roles of AMOTs remain elusive. This review comprehensively summarized how AMOTs function physiologically and how their dysregulation promotes or inhibits tumorigenesis. Better understanding the functional roles of AMOTs in cancers may lead to an improvement of clinical interventions as well as development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Angiomotin regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation by signaling through the Hippo-YAP pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10145-10160. [PMID: 28052036 PMCID: PMC5354648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiomotin (AMOT) is a family of proteins found to be a component of the apical junctional complex of vertebrate epithelial cells and is recently found to play important roles in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2). Whether AMOT plays a role in prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. AMOT is expressed as two isoforms, AMOTp80 and AMOTp130, which has a 409 aa N-terminal domain that is absent in AMOTp80. Both AMOTp80 and AMOTp130 are expressed in LNCaP and C4-2B4, but at a low to undetectable level in PC3, DU145, and BPH1 cells. Further study showed that AMOTp130 and AMOTp80 have distinct functions in PCa cells. We found that AMOTp80, but not AMOT p130, functioned as a tumor promoter by enhancing PCa cell proliferation. Mechanistic studies showed that AMOTp80 signaled through the Hippo pathway by promoting nuclear translocation of YAP, resulting in an increased expression of YAP target protein BMP4. Moreover, inhibition of BMP receptor activity by LDN-193189 abrogates AMOTp80-mediated cell proliferation. Together, this study reveals a novel mechanism whereby the AMOTp80-Merlin-MST1-LATS-YAP-BMP4 pathway leads to AMOTp80-induced tumor cell proliferation.
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26
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Wigerius M, Quinn D, Diab A, Clattenburg L, Kolar A, Qi J, Krueger SR, Fawcett JP. The polarity protein Angiomotin p130 controls dendritic spine maturation. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:715-730. [PMID: 29317530 PMCID: PMC5800806 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wigerius et al. identify the polarity protein AMOT-130 as vital for dendritic spine morphogenesis. They show that reduced Lats1 kinase activity in the neonatal brain is required for the recruitment of AMOT-130 to postsynaptic compartments to stabilize dendritic spines. The actin cytoskeleton is essential for the structural changes in dendritic spines that lead to the formation of new synapses. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying spine formation are well characterized, the events that drive spine maturation during development are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Angiomotin (AMOT-130) is necessary for spine stabilization. AMOT-130 is enriched in mature dendritic spines and functions to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton by coupling F-actin to postsynaptic protein scaffolds. These functions of AMOT are transiently restricted during postnatal development by phosphorylation imposed by the kinase Lats1. Our study proposes that AMOT-130 is essential for normal spine morphogenesis and identifies Lats1 as an upstream regulator in this process. Moreover, our findings may link AMOT-130 loss and the related spine defects to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wigerius
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Dylan Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Antonios Diab
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Annette Kolar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jiansong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Stefan R Krueger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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27
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Jiang X, An W, Yang X, Lin J, Ma S, Wang D, Tang S. Asymmetric distribution of CRUMBS polarity complex proteins from compacted 8-cell to blastocyst stage during mouse preimplantation development. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 27:93-98. [PMID: 29155075 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation development, blastomeres are equipotent until polarity establishment at compacted 8-cell stage. The intrinsic nature of polarity is the asymmetric distribution of polarity proteins between inside and outside blastomeres along the direction of apical-basal axis. This study investigated the early developmental temporal and spatial expression of the main CRUMBS polarity complex proteins in the mouse preimplantation embryo. We observed that Crb3, Pals1, Patj and Mpdz are transcribed in the mouse preimplantation embryo. However, the asymmetric distribution of these polarity proteins is not established until the compacted 8-cell stage. From compaction and thereafter, CRB3 and PALS1 are progressively enriched in the apical membrane, while PATJ and MPDZ are discretely localized at both tight junctions and the apical membrane adjacent to tight junctions. These temporal and spatial distribution patterns suggest that CRUMBS polarity complex might be involved in the cell polarity establishment in the early mouse embryo and reinforce the viewpoint that developmentally spatial asymmetries are first set up at the compaction stage. The present study provides a foundation for further investigation on the functions of CRUMBS polarity complex in trophectoderm specification and blastocyst morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Wenzhong An
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Jieye Lin
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Shiliang Ma
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Dajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Shuang Tang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
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Hildebrand S, Hultin S, Subramani A, Petropoulos S, Zhang Y, Cao X, Mpindi J, Kalloniemi O, Johansson S, Majumdar A, Lanner F, Holmgren L. The E-cadherin/AmotL2 complex organizes actin filaments required for epithelial hexagonal packing and blastocyst hatching. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9540. [PMID: 28842668 PMCID: PMC5572699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells connect via cell-cell junctions to form sheets of cells with separate cellular compartments. These cellular connections are essential for the generation of cellular forms and shapes consistent with organ function. Tissue modulation is dependent on the fine-tuning of mechanical forces that are transmitted in part through the actin connection to E-cadherin as well as other components in the adherens junctions. In this report we show that p100 amotL2 forms a complex with E-cadherin that associates with radial actin filaments connecting cells over multiple layers. Genetic inactivation or depletion of amotL2 in epithelial cells in vitro or zebrafish and mouse in vivo, resulted in the loss of contractile actin filaments and perturbed epithelial packing geometry. We further showed that AMOTL2 mRNA and protein was expressed in the trophectoderm of human and mouse blastocysts. Genetic inactivation of amotL2 did not affect cellular differentiation but blocked hatching of the blastocysts from the zona pellucida. These results were mimicked by treatment with the myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin. We propose that the tension generated by the E-cadherin/AmotL2/actin filaments plays a crucial role in developmental processes such as epithelial geometrical packing as well as generation of forces required for blastocyst hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hildebrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hultin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aravindh Subramani
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Petropoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Mpindi
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kalloniemi
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Staffan Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arindam Majumdar
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Tapia R, Kralicek SE, Hecht GA. EPEC effector EspF promotes Crumbs3 endocytosis and disrupts epithelial cell polarity. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28618099 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) uses a type III secretion system to inject effector proteins into host intestinal epithelial cells causing diarrhoea. EPEC infection redistributes basolateral proteins β1-integrin and Na+ /K+ ATPase to the apical membrane of host cells. The Crumbs (Crb) polarity complex (Crb3/Pals1/Patj) is essential for epithelial cell polarisation and tight junction (TJ) assembly. Here, we demonstrate that EPEC displaces Crb3 and Pals1 from the apical membrane to the cytoplasm of cultured intestinal epithelial cells and colonocytes of infected mice. In vitro studies show that EspF, but not Map, alters Crb3, whereas both effectors modulate Pals1. EspF perturbs polarity formation in cyst morphogenesis assays and induces endocytosis and apical redistribution of Na+ /K+ ATPase. EspF binds to sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) causing membrane remodelling in host cells. Infection with ΔespF/pespFD3, a mutant strain that ablates EspF binding to SNX9, or inhibition of dynamin, attenuates Crb3 endocytosis caused by EPEC. In addition, infection with ΔespF/pespFD3 has no impact on Na+ /K+ ATPase endocytosis. These data support the hypothesis that EPEC perturbs apical-basal polarity in an EspF-dependent manner, which would contribute to EPEC-associated diarrhoea by disruption of TJ and altering the crucial positioning of membrane transporters involved in the absorption of ions and solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Tapia
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah E Kralicek
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gail A Hecht
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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30
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Lv M, Shen Y, Yang J, Li S, Wang B, Chen Z, Li P, Liu P, Yang J. Angiomotin Family Members: Oncogenes or Tumor Suppressors? Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:772-781. [PMID: 28656002 PMCID: PMC5485632 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomotin (Amot) family contains three members: Amot (p80 and p130 isoforms), Amot-like protein 1 (Amotl1), and Amot-like protein 2 (Amotl2). Amot proteins play an important role in tube formation and migration of endothelial cells and the regulation of tight junctions, polarity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial cells. Moreover, these proteins regulate the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. In most cancers, Amot family members promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, including breast cancer, osteosarcoma, colon cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, and renal cell cancer. However, in glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer, Amot inhibits the growth of cancer cells. In addition, there are controversies on the regulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) by Amot. Amot promotes either the internalization of YAP into the nucleus or the retention of YAP in the cytoplasm of different cell types. Moreover, Amot regulates the AMPK, mTOR, Wnt, and MAPK signaling pathways. However, it is unclear whether Amot is an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene in different cellular processes. This review focuses on the multifunctional roles of Amot in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lv
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province ,710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Shen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province ,710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province ,710061, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province ,710061, P.R. China
| | - Biyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province ,710061, P.R. China
| | - Zheling Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province ,710061, P.R. China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province ,710061, P.R. China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province ,710061, P.R. China
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31
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Moleirinho S, Hoxha S, Mandati V, Curtale G, Troutman S, Ehmer U, Kissil JL. Regulation of localization and function of the transcriptional co-activator YAP by angiomotin. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28464980 PMCID: PMC5415356 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP pathway is a central regulator of cell contact inhibition, proliferation and death. There are conflicting reports regarding the role of Angiomotin (Amot) in regulating this pathway. While some studies suggest a YAP-inhibitory function other studies indicate Amot is required for YAP activity. Here, we describe an Amot-dependent complex comprised of Amot, YAP and Merlin. The phosphorylation of Amot at Serine 176 shifts localization of this complex to the plasma membrane, where it associates with the tight-junction proteins Pals1/PATJ and E-cadherin. Conversely, hypophosphorylated Amot shifts localization of the complex to the nucleus, where it facilitates the association of YAP and TEAD, induces transcriptional activation of YAP target genes and promotes YAP-dependent cell proliferation. We propose that phosphorylation of AmotS176 is a critical post-translational modification that suppresses YAP’s ability to promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by altering the subcellular localization of an essential YAP co-factor. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23966.001 Cells in animals and other multi-cellular organisms need to know when and where they should grow and divide. Individual cells communicate with their surrounding environment and each other via signaling pathways such as the Hippo-YAP pathway, which stimulates cells to grow and therefore influences the size of organs. When the Hippo part of the pathway is active it causes a protein known as YAP to move out of a compartment in the cell called the nucleus. Inside the nucleus, YAP helps to activate genes that promote cell growth. If the Hippo pathway can no longer respond to cues from the environment, YAP becomes over-active and can contribute to the development of various cancers. Therefore researchers are trying to better understand how it is regulated. Many signals both from inside and outside the cell influence YAP activity. For example, some signals block YAP from entering the nucleus, whereas others cause YAP to be broken down entirely. Several studies have recently identified a signal protein called angiomotin as a regulator of YAP. However, the studies provide conflicting reports as to whether angiomotin promotes or inhibits cell growth. Like many other proteins, angiomotin can be tagged with a small molecule called a phosphate group that can alter its activity. Moleirinho, Hoxha et al. studied human cells containing versions of angiomotin that mimic different forms of the protein with or without the phosphate. The experiments indicate that when a phosphate is attached at a particular position (known as serine 176), angiomotin predominantly interacts with YAP and another protein called Merlin at the cell surface. On the other hand, when angiomotin does not have a phosphate attached to it, all three proteins can move into the nucleus, where YAP is able to activate genes and promote cell growth. Overall, these findings indicate that adding a phosphate group to angiomotin can act as a switch to regulate where in the cell it and YAP are found and thus, whether YAP is active. Future experiments will investigate which enzymes add the phosphate group to serine 176, and when they are able to do so. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23966.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Moleirinho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Sany Hoxha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Vinay Mandati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Graziella Curtale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Scott Troutman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Ursula Ehmer
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph L Kissil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
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32
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Saugier-Veber P, Marguet F, Lecoquierre F, Adle-Biassette H, Guimiot F, Cipriani S, Patrier S, Brasseur-Daudruy M, Goldenberg A, Layet V, Capri Y, Gérard M, Frébourg T, Laquerrière A. Hydrocephalus due to multiple ependymal malformations is caused by mutations in the MPDZ gene. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:36. [PMID: 28460636 PMCID: PMC5412059 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus is considered as either acquired due to haemorrhage, infection or neoplasia or as of developmental nature and is divided into two subgroups, communicating and obstructive. Congenital hydrocephalus is either syndromic or non-syndromic, and in the latter no cause is found in more than half of the patients. In patients with isolated hydrocephalus, L1CAM mutations represent the most common aetiology. More recently, a founder mutation has also been reported in the MPDZ gene in foetuses presenting massive hydrocephalus, but the neuropathology remains unknown. We describe here three novel homozygous null mutations in the MPDZ gene in foetuses whose post-mortem examination has revealed a homogeneous phenotype characterized by multiple ependymal malformations along the aqueduct of Sylvius, the third and fourth ventricles as well as the central canal of the medulla, consisting in multifocal rosettes with immature cell accumulation in the vicinity of ependymal lining early detached from the ventricular zone. MPDZ also named MUPP1 is an essential component of tight junctions which are expressed from early brain development in the choroid plexuses and ependyma. Alterations in the formation of tight junctions within the ependyma very likely account for the lesions observed and highlight for the first time that primary multifocal ependymal malformations of the ventricular system is genetically determined in humans. Therefore, MPDZ sequencing should be performed when neuropathological examination reveals multifocal ependymal rosette formation within the aqueduct of Sylvius, of the third and fourth ventricles and of the central canal of the medulla.
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33
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Ragni CV, Diguet N, Le Garrec JF, Novotova M, Resende TP, Pop S, Charon N, Guillemot L, Kitasato L, Badouel C, Dufour A, Olivo-Marin JC, Trouvé A, McNeill H, Meilhac SM. Amotl1 mediates sequestration of the Hippo effector Yap1 downstream of Fat4 to restrict heart growth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14582. [PMID: 28239148 PMCID: PMC5333361 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although in flies the atypical cadherin Fat is an upstream regulator of Hippo signalling, the closest mammalian homologue, Fat4, has been shown to regulate tissue polarity rather than growth. Here we show in the mouse heart that Fat4 modulates Hippo signalling to restrict growth. Fat4 mutant myocardium is thicker, with increased cardiomyocyte size and proliferation, and this is mediated by an upregulation of the transcriptional activity of Yap1, an effector of the Hippo pathway. Fat4 is not required for the canonical activation of Hippo kinases but it sequesters a partner of Yap1, Amotl1, out of the nucleus. The nuclear translocation of Amotl1 is accompanied by Yap1 to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. We, therefore, identify Amotl1, which is not present in flies, as a mammalian intermediate for non-canonical Hippo signalling, downstream of Fat4. This work uncovers a mechanism for the restriction of heart growth at birth, a process which impedes the regenerative potential of the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara V Ragni
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS URA2578, 75015 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, IFD, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Diguet
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS URA2578, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Le Garrec
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS URA2578, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marta Novotova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana P Resende
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sorin Pop
- Institut Pasteur, Quantitative Image Analysis Unit, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS URA 2582, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Charon
- ENS Cachan, Center of Mathematics and Their Applications, 94235 Cachan, France.,CNRS UMR 8536, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Laurent Guillemot
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lisa Kitasato
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Badouel
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Alexandre Dufour
- Institut Pasteur, Quantitative Image Analysis Unit, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS URA 2582, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Trouvé
- ENS Cachan, Center of Mathematics and Their Applications, 94235 Cachan, France.,CNRS UMR 8536, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Helen McNeill
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS URA2578, 75015 Paris, France
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34
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Involvement of Tight Junction Plaque Proteins in Cancer. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Suzuki R, Nakamura Y, Chiba S, Mizuno T, Abe K, Horii Y, Nagashima H, Tanita T, Yamauchi K. Mitigation of tight junction protein dysfunction in lung microvascular endothelial cells with pitavastatin. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 38:27-35. [PMID: 27179426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin use in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with coexisting cardiovascular disease is associated with a reduced risk of exacerbations. The mechanisms by which statin plays a role in the pathophysiology of COPD have not been defined. To explore the mechanisms involved, we investigated the effect of statin on endothelial cell function, especially endothelial cell tight junctions. METHOD We primarily assessed whether pitavastatin could help mitigate the development of emphysema induced by continuous cigarette smoking (CS) exposure. We also investigated the activation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which plays a role in maintaining endothelial functions, important tight junction proteins, zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and claudin-5 expression, and lung microvascular endothelial cell permeability. RESULTS We found that pitavastatin prevented the CS-induced decrease in angiomotin-like protein 1 (AmotL1)-positive vessels via the activation of LKB1/AMPK signaling and IFN-γ-induced hyperpermeability of cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells by maintaining the levels of AmotL1, ZO-1, and claudin-5 expression at the tight junctions. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the maintenance of lung microvascular endothelial cells by pitavastatin prevents tight junction protein dysfunctions induced by CS. These findings may ultimately lead to new and novel therapeutic targets for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rioto Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
| | - Shinji Chiba
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Mizuno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Abe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Horii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Nagashima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Tanita
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
| | - Kohei Yamauchi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 0208505, Japan.
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Agarwala S, Duquesne S, Liu K, Boehm A, Grimm L, Link S, König S, Eimer S, Ronneberger O, Lecaudey V. Amotl2a interacts with the Hippo effector Yap1 and the Wnt/β-catenin effector Lef1 to control tissue size in zebrafish. eLife 2015; 4:e08201. [PMID: 26335201 PMCID: PMC4596637 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, proliferation must be tightly controlled for organs to reach their appropriate size. While the Hippo signaling pathway plays a major role in organ growth control, how it senses and responds to increased cell density is still unclear. In this study, we use the zebrafish lateral line primordium (LLP), a group of migrating epithelial cells that form sensory organs, to understand how tissue growth is controlled during organ formation. Loss of the cell junction-associated Motin protein Amotl2a leads to overproliferation and bigger LLP, affecting the final pattern of sensory organs. Amotl2a function in the LLP is mediated together by the Hippo pathway effector Yap1 and the Wnt/β-catenin effector Lef1. Our results implicate for the first time the Hippo pathway in size regulation in the LL system. We further provide evidence that the Hippo/Motin interaction is essential to limit tissue size during development. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08201.001 How do organs and tissues know when to stop growing? A cell communication pathway known as Hippo signaling plays a central role as it can tell cells to stop dividing. It is activated when cells in developing tissues come into contact with each other and causes a protein called Yap1 to be modified, which prevents it from entering the cell nucleus to activate genes that are involved in cell division. In a zebrafish embryo, an organ called the lateral line forms from a cluster of cells that migrate along the embryo's length. At regular intervals, the cluster deposits small bunches of cells from its trailing end. The resulting loss of cells from the cluster is balanced by cell division at the front of the cluster, which is triggered by another signaling pathway called Wnt signaling. A protein of the ‘Motin’ family called Amotl2a is present in this migrating cluster. Motin proteins form junctions between cells and inhibit the activity of Yap1, but it is not known whether they are involved in regulating the size of organs. Here, Agarwala et al. used the lateral line as a model to study the control of organ size in zebrafish embryos. The experiments show that when Amotl2a is absent, the migrating cell cluster becomes larger, with the highest levels of cell division occurring at its trailing end. Yap1 and a protein involved in Wnt signaling called Lef1 are also present in the cluster and are required for it to be normal in size. In zebrafish that lack Amotl2a, the additional loss of Yap1 prevents this cluster from becoming too large. From these and other results, it appears that Amotl2a regulates the size of the lateral line cell cluster by restricting the ability of Yap1 and Lef1 to promote cell division. Agarwala et al.'s findings demonstrate a role for Amotl2a in controlling the size of organs. A future challenge is to understand the details of how it restricts the activities of Yap1 and Lef1. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08201.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhika Agarwala
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kun Liu
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Image Analysis Lab, Institute for Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anton Boehm
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Image Analysis Lab, Institute for Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lin Grimm
- Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sandra Link
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sabine König
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Olaf Ronneberger
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Image Analysis Lab, Institute for Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Virginie Lecaudey
- Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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37
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Ortiz A, Lee YC, Yu G, Liu HC, Lin SC, Bilen MA, Cho H, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Angiomotin is a novel component of cadherin-11/β-catenin/p120 complex and is critical for cadherin-11-mediated cell migration. FASEB J 2014; 29:1080-91. [PMID: 25466890 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin and up-regulation of mesenchymal cadherins, a hallmark of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributes to migration and dissemination of cancer cells. Expression of human cadherin-11 (Cad11), also known as osteoblast cadherin, in prostate cancer increases the migration of prostate cancer cells. How Cad11 mediates cell migration is unknown. Using the human Cad11 cytoplasmic domain in pulldown assays, we identified human angiomotin (Amot), known to be involved in cell polarity, migration, and Hippo pathway, as a component of the Cad11 protein complex. Deletion analysis showed that the last C-terminal 10 amino acids in Cad11 cytoplasmic domain are required for Amot binding. Further, Cad11 preferentially interacts with Amot-p80 than Amot-p130 isoform and binds directly to the middle domain of Amot-p80. Cad11-Amot interaction affects Cad11-mediated cell migration, but not homophilic adhesion, as deletion of Amot binding motif of Cad11 (Cad11-ΔAmot) did not abolish Cad11-mediated cell-cell adhesion of mouse L cells, but significantly reduced Cad11-mediated cell migration of human C4-2B4 and PC3-mm2 prostate cancer cells and human HEK293T cells. Together, our studies identified Amot-p80 as a novel component of the Cad11 complex and demonstrated that Amot-p80 is critical for Cad11-mediated cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ortiz
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guoyu Yu
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Song-Chang Lin
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melmet Asim Bilen
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyojin Cho
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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MiR-124 represses vasculogenic mimicry and cell motility by targeting amotL1 in cervical cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:148-58. [PMID: 25218344 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs have extensive functions in differentiation, metabolism, programmed cell death, and tumor metastasis by post-transcriptional regulation. Vasculogenic mimicry is an important pathway in tumor metastasis. Many factors can regulate vasculogenic mimicry, including miRNAs. In previous studies, miR-124 was found to repress proliferation and metastasis in different types of cancers, but whether it functions in cervical cancer remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miR-124 can repress vasculogenic mimicry, migration and invasion in HeLa and C33A cells in vitro. Furthermore, we reveal that the effect of miR-124 on vasculogenic mimicry, migration and invasion results from its interaction with AmotL1. MiR-124 regulates AmotL1 negatively by targeting its 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). We found that miR-124 can repress the EMT process. Together, these results improve our understanding of the function of miR-124 in tumor metastasis and will help to provide new potential target sites for cervical cancer treatment.
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Mojallal M, Zheng Y, Hultin S, Audebert S, van Harn T, Johnsson P, Lenander C, Fritz N, Mieth C, Corcoran M, Lembo F, Hallström M, Hartman J, Mazure NM, Weide T, Grandér D, Borg JP, Uhlén P, Holmgren L. AmotL2 disrupts apical-basal cell polarity and promotes tumour invasion. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4557. [PMID: 25080976 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of apical-basal cell polarity is essential for the functionality of glandular epithelia. Cell polarity is often lost in advanced tumours correlating with acquisition of invasive and malignant properties. Despite extensive knowledge regarding the formation and maintenance of polarity, the mechanisms that deregulate polarity in metastasizing cells remain to be fully characterized. Here we show that AmotL2 expression correlates with loss of tissue architecture in tumours from human breast and colon cancer patients. We further show that hypoxic stress results in activation of c-Fos-dependent expression of AmotL2 leading to loss of polarity. c-Fos/hypoxia-induced p60 AmotL2 interacts with the Crb3 and Par3 polarity complexes retaining them in large vesicles and preventing them from reaching the apical membrane. The resulting loss of polarity potentiates the response to invasive cues in vitro and in vivo in mice. These data provide a molecular mechanism how hypoxic stress deregulates cell polarity during tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mojallal
- 1] Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden [2]
| | - Yujuan Zheng
- 1] Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden [2]
| | - Sara Hultin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- 1] Inserm U1068, CRCM, 13009 Marseille, France [2] CNRS UMR7258, CRCM, 13009 Marseille, France [3] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Tanja van Harn
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Johnsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Lenander
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fritz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christin Mieth
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Corcoran
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frédérique Lembo
- 1] Inserm U1068, CRCM, 13009 Marseille, France [2] CNRS UMR7258, CRCM, 13009 Marseille, France [3] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marja Hallström
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), UMR CNRS 7284-INSERM U1081-UNS, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, 33 avenue Valombrose, 06189 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Thomas Weide
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Division of Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A14 D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Dan Grandér
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- 1] Inserm U1068, CRCM, 13009 Marseille, France [2] CNRS UMR7258, CRCM, 13009 Marseille, France [3] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Per Uhlén
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Leung CY, Zernicka-Goetz M. Angiomotin prevents pluripotent lineage differentiation in mouse embryos via Hippo pathway-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2251. [PMID: 23903990 PMCID: PMC3741640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell identity is specified in the early mammalian embryo by the generation of precursors for two cell lineages: the pluripotent inner cell mass and differentiating trophectoderm. Here we identify Angiomotin as a key regulator of this process. We show that the loss of Angiomotin, together with Angiomotin-like 2, leads to differentiation of inner cell mass cells and compromised peri-implantation development. We show that Angiomotin regulates localization of Yap, and Yap-binding motifs are required for full activity of Angiomotin. Importantly, we also show that Angiomotin function can compensate for the absence of Lats1/2 kinases, indicating the ability of Angiomotin to bypass the classical Hippo pathway for Yap regulation. In polarized outside cells, Angiomotin localizes apically, pointing to the importance of cell polarity in regulating Yap to promote differentiation. We propose that both Hippo pathway-dependent and Hippo pathway-independent mechanisms regulate Yap localization to set apart pluripotent and differentiated lineages in the pre-implantation mouse embryo. Angiomotins retain the transcription co-activator YAP in the cytoplasm and thereby regulate the Hippo pathway in mammalian cultured cells. Here Leung and Zernicka-Goetz show that Angiomotin family members prevent the differentiation of inner cell mass cells in the mouse blastocyst, via both Hippo pathway-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen Yan Leung
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, the Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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41
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Hirate Y, Sasaki H. The role of angiomotin phosphorylation in the Hippo pathway during preimplantation mouse development. Tissue Barriers 2014; 2:e28127. [PMID: 24843842 PMCID: PMC4022607 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.28127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway regulates a number of cellular events, including the control of cell fates in preimplantation mouse embryos. The inner and outer cells of the embryo show high and low levels of Hippo signaling, respectively. This position-dependent Hippo signaling promotes the specification of distinct cell fates. In a recent paper, we identified the molecular mechanism that controls Hippo signaling in preimplantation embryos. The junction-associated scaffold protein Angiomotin (Amot) plays a key role in this mechanism. At the adherens junctions of the inner cells, Amot activates the Hippo pathway by recruiting and activating the protein kinase large tumor suppressor (Lats). In contrast, Amot at the apical membrane of the outer cells suppresses Hippo signaling by interacting with F-actin. The phosphorylation of Amot inhibits its interaction with F-actin and activates Hippo signaling. We propose that Amot acts as a molecular switch for the Hippo pathway and links F-actin with Lats activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hirate
- Department of Cell Fate Control; Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Cell Fate Control; Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto, Japan
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42
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The Angiomotins--from discovery to function. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2693-703. [PMID: 24548561 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiomotins were originally identified as angiostatin binding proteins and implicated in the regulation of endothelial cell migration. Recent studies have shed light on the role of Angiomotins and other members of the Motin protein family in epithelial cells and in pathways directly linked to the pathogenesis of cancer. In particular, Motins have been shown to play a role in signaling pathways regulated by small G-proteins and the Hippo-YAP pathway. In this review the role of the Motin protein family in these signaling pathways will be described and open questions will be discussed.
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43
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Serum deprivation inhibits the transcriptional co-activator YAP and cell growth via phosphorylation of the 130-kDa isoform of Angiomotin by the LATS1/2 protein kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17368-73. [PMID: 24101513 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1308236110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large tumor suppressor (LATS)1/2 protein kinases transmit Hippo signaling in response to intercellular contacts and serum levels to limit cell growth via the inhibition of Yes-associated protein (YAP). Here low serum and high LATS1 activity are found to enhance the levels of the 130-kDa isoform of angiomotin (Amot130) through phosphorylation by LATS1/2 at serine 175, which then forms a binding site for 14-3-3. Such phosphorylation, in turn, enables the ubiquitin ligase atrophin-1 interacting protein (AIP)4 to bind, ubiquitinate, and stabilize Amot130. Consistently, the Amot130 (S175A) mutant, which lacks LATS phosphorylation, bound AIP4 poorly under all conditions and showed reduced stability. Amot130 and AIP4 also promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of YAP in response to serum starvation, unlike Amot130 (S175A). Moreover, silencing Amot130 expression blocked LATS1 from inhibiting the expression of connective tissue growth factor, a YAP-regulated gene. Concordant with phosphorylated Amot130 specifically mediating these effects, wild-type Amot130 selectively induced YAP phosphorylation and reduced transcription of connective tissue growth factor in an AIP4-dependent manner versus Amot130 (S175A). Further, Amot130 but not Amot130 (S175A) strongly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. The dominant-negative effects of Amot130 (S175A) on YAP signaling also support that phosphorylated Amot130 transduces Hippo signaling. Likewise, Amot130 expression provoked premature growth arrest during mammary cell acini formation, whereas Amot130 (S175A)-expressing cells formed enlarged and poorly differentiated acini. Taken together, the phosphorylation of Amot130 by LATS is found to be a key feature that enables it to inhibit YAP-dependent signaling and cell growth.
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Nakajima Y, Nakamura Y, Shigeeda W, Tomoyasu M, Deguchi H, Tanita T, Yamauchi K. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in regulating angiomotin-like protein 1 expression in lung microvascular endothelial cells. Allergol Int 2013; 62:309-22. [PMID: 23793505 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.12-oa-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis in the alveolar septa is thought be a critical factor in pulmonary emphysema. Angiomotin-like protein 1 (AmotL1) is involved in angiogenesis via regulating endothelial cell function. However, the role of AmotL1 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema has not been elucidated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression of AmotL1 in lung tissues from a murine model with emphysema, as well as from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, we analyzed the regulation of AmotL1 expression by TNF-α and IFN-γ in endothelial cells in vitro. METHODS Nrf2 knockout mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 weeks, and the down-regulated genes affecting vascularity in the whole lung were identified by microarray analysis. This analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of AmotL1 decreased in response to CS when compared with air exposure. To confirm the protein levels that were indicated in the microarray data, we determined the expression of AmotL1 in lung tissues obtained from patients with COPD and also determined the expression of AmotL1, NFκB and IκBα in cultured normal human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) that were stimulated by TNF-α and IFN-γ. RESULTS We found that the number of AmotL1-positive vessels decreased in the emphysema lungs compared with the normal and bronchial asthmatic lungs. IFN-γ pretreatment diminished the TNF-α-induced AmotL1 in the cultured HLMVECs by blocking the degradation of IκBα. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that IFN-γ exhibits anti-angiogenesis effects by regulating the expression of TNF-α-induced AmotL1 via NFκB in emphysema lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakajima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
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Hirate Y, Hirahara S, Inoue KI, Suzuki A, Alarcon VB, Akimoto K, Hirai T, Hara T, Adachi M, Chida K, Ohno S, Marikawa Y, Nakao K, Shimono A, Sasaki H. Polarity-dependent distribution of angiomotin localizes Hippo signaling in preimplantation embryos. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1181-94. [PMID: 23791731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preimplantation mouse embryos, the first cell fate specification to the trophectoderm or inner cell mass occurs by the early blastocyst stage. The cell fate is controlled by cell position-dependent Hippo signaling, although the mechanisms underlying position-dependent Hippo signaling are unknown. RESULTS We show that a combination of cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion establishes position-dependent Hippo signaling, where the outer and inner cells are polar and nonpolar, respectively. The junction-associated proteins angiomotin (Amot) and angiomotin-like 2 (Amotl2) are essential for Hippo pathway activation and appropriate cell fate specification. In the nonpolar inner cells, Amot localizes to adherens junctions (AJs), and cell-cell adhesion activates the Hippo pathway. In the outer cells, the cell polarity sequesters Amot from basolateral AJs to apical domains, thereby suppressing Hippo signaling. The N-terminal domain of Amot is required for actin binding, Nf2/Merlin-mediated association with the E-cadherin complex, and interaction with Lats protein kinase. In AJs, S176 in the N-terminal domain of Amot is phosphorylated by Lats, which inhibits the actin-binding activity, thereby stabilizing the Amot-Lats interaction to activate the Hippo pathway. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the phosphorylation of S176 in Amot is a critical step for activation of the Hippo pathway in AJs and that cell polarity disconnects the Hippo pathway from cell-cell adhesion by sequestering Amot from AJs. This mechanism converts positional information into differential Hippo signaling, thereby leading to differential cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hirate
- Department of Cell Fate Control, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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Belotti E, Polanowska J, Daulat AM, Audebert S, Thomé V, Lissitzky JC, Lembo F, Blibek K, Omi S, Lenfant N, Gangar A, Montcouquiol M, Santoni MJ, Sebbagh M, Aurrand-Lions M, Angers S, Kodjabachian L, Reboul J, Borg JP. The human PDZome: a gateway to PSD95-Disc large-zonula occludens (PDZ)-mediated functions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2587-603. [PMID: 23722234 PMCID: PMC3769332 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o112.021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions organize the localization, clustering, signal transduction, and degradation of cellular proteins and are therefore implicated in numerous biological functions. These interactions are mediated by specialized domains able to bind to modified or unmodified peptides present in binding partners. Among the most broadly distributed protein interaction domains, PSD95-disc large-zonula occludens (PDZ) domains are usually able to bind carboxy-terminal sequences of their partners. In an effort to accelerate the discovery of PDZ domain interactions, we have constructed an array displaying 96% of the human PDZ domains that is amenable to rapid two-hybrid screens in yeast. We have demonstrated that this array can efficiently identify interactions using carboxy-terminal sequences of PDZ domain binders such as the E6 oncoviral protein and protein kinases (PDGFRβ, BRSK2, PCTK1, ACVR2B, and HER4); this has been validated via mass spectrometry analysis. Taking advantage of this array, we show that PDZ domains of Scrib and SNX27 bind to the carboxy-terminal region of the planar cell polarity receptor Vangl2. We also have demonstrated the requirement of Scrib for the promigratory function of Vangl2 and described the morphogenetic function of SNX27 in the early Xenopus embryo. The resource presented here is thus adapted for the screen of PDZ interactors and, furthermore, should facilitate the understanding of PDZ-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Belotti
- CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, F-13009, France
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Nakajima H, Tanoue T. The circumferential actomyosin belt in epithelial cells is regulated by the Lulu2-p114RhoGEF system. Small GTPases 2013; 3:91-6. [PMID: 22790195 PMCID: PMC3408982 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.19112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cells, myosin-II-dependent forces regulate many aspects of animal morphogenesis, such as apical constriction, cell intercalation, cell sorting, and the formation and maintenance of the adherens junction. These forces are mainly generated by the circumferential actomyosin belt, which is composed of F-actin–myosin II bundles located along apical cell–cell junctions. Although several of the molecular pathways regulating the belt have been identified, the precise mechanisms underlying its function are largely unknown. Our recent studies identified Lulu proteins (Lulu1 and Lulu2), FERM-domain-containing molecules, as the regulators of the belt. Lulus activate the circumferential actomyosin belt and thereby induce apical constriction in epithelial cells; conversely, RNAi-mediated Lulu-knockdown results in the severe disorganization of the circumferential actomyosin belt. We also showed that p114RhoGEF is a downstream molecule of Lulu2 in its regulation of the belt; Lulu2 enhances the catalytic activity of p114RhoGEF through a direct interaction and thereby activates the circumferential actomyosin belt. We further identified aPKC and Patj as regulators of Lulu2-p114RhoGEF. In this commentary, we discuss current knowledge of the circumferential actomyosin belt's regulation, focusing on the Lulu2-p114RhoGEF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Global COE Program for Integrative Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe Japan
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Abstract
Tight junctions are intercellular junctions adjacent to the apical ends of paracellular spaces. They have two classical functions, the barrier function and the fence function. The former regulates the passage of ions, water and various molecules through paracellular spaces, and is thus related to edema, jaundice, diarrhea and blood‐borne metastasis. The latter function maintains cell polarity by forming a fence to prevent intermixing of molecules in the apical membrane with those in the lateral membrane. This function is deeply involved in cancer cell properties in terms of loss of cell polarity. Recently, two novel aspects of tight junctions have been reported. One is their involvement in signal transduction. The other is that fact that tight junctions are considered to be a crucial component of innate immunity. In addition, since some proteins comprising tight junctions work as receptors for viruses and extracellular stimuli, pathogenic bacteria and viruses target and affect the tight junction functions, leading to diseases. In this review, the relationship between tight junctions and human diseases will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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49
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Pénalva C, Mirouse V. Tissue-specific function of Patj in regulating the Crumbs complex and epithelial polarity. Development 2012; 139:4549-54. [PMID: 23136386 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patj is described as a core component of the Crumbs complex. Along with the other components, Crumbs and Stardust, Patj has been proposed as essential for epithelial polarity. However, no proper in vivo genetic analysis of Patj function has been performed in any organism. We have generated the first null mutants for Drosophila Patj. These mutants are lethal. However, Patj is not required in all epithelia where the Crumbs complex is essential. Patj is dispensable for ectoderm polarity and embryonic development, whereas more severe defects are observed in the adult follicular epithelium, including mislocalisation of the Crumbs complex from the apical domain, as well as morphogenetic defects. These defects are similar to those observed with crumbs and stardust mutants, although weaker and less frequent. Also, gain-of-function of Crumbs and Patj mutation genetically suppress each other in follicular cells. We also show that the first PDZ domain of Patj associated with the Stardust-binding domain are sufficient to fully rescue both Drosophila viability and Crumbs localisation. We propose that the only crucial function of Patj hinges on the ability of its first two domains to positively regulate the Crumbs complex, defining a new developmental level of regulation of its dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Pénalva
- GReD Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, UMR CNRS 6293, Clermont Université, INSERM U1103, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Skouloudaki K, Walz G. YAP1 recruits c-Abl to protect angiomotin-like 1 from Nedd4-mediated degradation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35735. [PMID: 22558212 PMCID: PMC3338797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue development and organ growth require constant remodeling of cell-cell contacts formed between epithelial cells. The Hippo signaling cascade curtails organ growth by excluding the transcriptional co-activator Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) from the nucleus. Angiomotin family members recruit YAP1 to tight junctions [1], but whether YAP1 plays a specific role outside of the nucleus is currently unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings The present study demonstrates that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4.2 targets Angiomotin-like 1 (AMOTL1), a family member that promotes the formation of epithelial tight junctions, for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Unexpectedly, YAP1 antagonizes the function of Nedd4.2, and protects AMOTL1 against Nedd4.2-mediated degradation. YAP1 recruits c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase that binds and phosphorylates Nedd4.2 on tyrosine residues, thereby modifying its ubiquitin-ligase activity. Conclusions/Significance Our results uncover a novel function for cytoplasmic YAP1. YAP1 recruits c-Abl to protect AMOTL1 against Nedd4.2-mediated degradation. Thus, YAP1, excluded from the nucleus, contributes to the maintenance of tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Signaling Studies (bioss), Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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