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Gaspar JA, Doss MX, Hengstler JG, Cadenas C, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A. Unique metabolic features of stem cells, cardiomyocytes, and their progenitors. Circ Res 2014; 114:1346-60. [PMID: 24723659 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, growing attention has been directed toward stem cell metabolism, with the key observation that the plasticity of stem cells also reflects the plasticity of their energy substrate metabolism. There seems to be a clear link between the self-renewal state of stem cells, in which cells proliferate without differentiation, and the activity of specific metabolic pathways. Differentiation is accompanied by a shift from anaerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration. This metabolic switch of differentiating stem cells is required to cover the energy demands of the different organ-specific cell types. Among other metabolic signatures, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism is most prominent in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, whereas the fatty acid metabolic signature is unique in cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells. Identifying the specific metabolic pathways involved in pluripotency and differentiation is critical for further progress in the field of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. The recently generated knowledge on metabolic key processes may help to generate mature stem cell-derived somatic cells for therapeutic applications without the requirement of genetic manipulation. In the present review, the literature about metabolic features of stem cells and their cardiovascular cell derivatives as well as the specific metabolic gene signatures differentiating between stem and differentiated cells are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Antonydas Gaspar
- From the Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.A.G., M.X.D., J.H., A.S.); and Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany (J.G.H., C.C.)
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Aksoy I, Giudice V, Delahaye E, Wianny F, Aubry M, Mure M, Chen J, Jauch R, Bogu GK, Nolden T, Himmelbauer H, Xavier Doss M, Sachinidis A, Schulz H, Hummel O, Martinelli P, Hübner N, Stanton LW, Real FX, Bourillot PY, Savatier P. Klf4 and Klf5 differentially inhibit mesoderm and endoderm differentiation in embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3719. [PMID: 24770696 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (Klf) 4 and 5 are two closely related members of the Klf family, known to play key roles in cell cycle regulation, somatic cell reprogramming and pluripotency. Here we focus on the functional divergence between Klf4 and Klf5 in the inhibition of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation. Using microarrays and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to ultra-high-throughput DNA sequencing, we show that Klf4 negatively regulates the expression of endodermal markers in the undifferentiated ES cells, including transcription factors involved in the commitment of pluripotent stem cells to endoderm differentiation. Knockdown of Klf4 enhances differentiation towards visceral and definitive endoderm. In contrast, Klf5 negatively regulates the expression of mesodermal markers, some of which control commitment to the mesoderm lineage, and knockdown of Klf5 specifically enhances differentiation towards mesoderm. We conclude that Klf4 and Klf5 differentially inhibit mesoderm and endoderm differentiation in murine ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Aksoy
- 1] Inserm, U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Bron 69500, France [2] Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France [3] Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69003, France [4] Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis street, Singapore 138672, Singapore [5]
| | - Vincent Giudice
- 1] Inserm, U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Bron 69500, France [2] Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France [3] Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69003, France [4]
| | - Edwige Delahaye
- 1] Inserm, U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Bron 69500, France [2] Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France [3] Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Florence Wianny
- 1] Inserm, U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Bron 69500, France [2] Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France [3] Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Maxime Aubry
- 1] Inserm, U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Bron 69500, France [2] Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France [3] Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Magali Mure
- 1] Inserm, U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Bron 69500, France [2] Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France [3] Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Ralf Jauch
- 1] Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis street, Singapore 138672, Singapore [2] Genome Regulation Laboratory, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Gireesh K Bogu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Tobias Nolden
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Himmelbauer
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany [2] Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain [3] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Michael Xavier Doss
- 1] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain [2]
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Robert-Koch-Strasse. 39, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Oliver Hummel
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Francisco X Real
- 1] Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain [2] Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Pierre-Yves Bourillot
- 1] Inserm, U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Bron 69500, France [2] Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France [3] Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Pierre Savatier
- 1] Inserm, U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, Bron 69500, France [2] Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France [3] Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69003, France
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Gaspar JA, Doss MX, Winkler J, Wagh V, Hescheler J, Kolde R, Vilo J, Schulz H, Sachinidis A. Gene expression signatures defining fundamental biological processes in pluripotent, early, and late differentiated embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2471-84. [PMID: 22420508 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the molecular mechanisms controlling the in vivo developmental program postembryogenesis is challenging and time consuming. However, the developmental program can be partly recapitulated in vitro by the use of cultured embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Similar to the totipotent cells of the inner cell mass, gene expression and morphological changes in cultured ESCs occur hierarchically during their differentiation, with epiblast cells developing first, followed by germ layers and finally somatic cells. Combination of high throughput -omics technologies with murine ESCs offers an alternative approach for studying developmental processes toward organ-specific cell phenotypes. We have made an attempt to understand differentiation networks controlling embryogenesis in vivo using a time kinetic, by identifying molecules defining fundamental biological processes in the pluripotent state as well as in early and the late differentiation stages of ESCs. Our microarray data of the differentiation of the ESCs clearly demonstrate that the most critical early differentiation processes occur at days 2 and 3 of differentiation. Besides monitoring well-annotated markers pertinent to both self-renewal and potency (capacity to differentiate to different cell lineage), we have identified candidate molecules for relevant signaling pathways. These molecules can be further investigated in gain and loss-of-function studies to elucidate their role for pluripotency and differentiation. As an example, siRNA knockdown of MageB16, a gene highly expressed in the pluripotent state, has proven its influence in inducing differentiation when its function is repressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Antonydas Gaspar
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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