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A New Approach Determining a Phase Transition Boundary Strictly Following a Definition of Phase Equilibrium: An Example of the Post-Spinel Transition in Mg2SiO4 System. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Clapeyron slope is the slope of a phase boundary in P–T space and is essential for understanding mantle dynamics and evolution. The phase boundary is delineating instead of balancing a phase transition’s normal and reverse reactions. Many previous high pressure–temperature experiments determining the phase boundaries of major mantle minerals experienced severe problems due to instantaneous pressure increase by thermal pressure, pressure drop during heating, and sluggish transition kinetics. These complex pressure changes underestimate the transition pressure, while the sluggish kinetics require excess pressures to initiate or proceed with the transition, misinterpreting the phase stability and preventing tight bracketing of the phase boundary. Our recent study developed a novel approach to strictly determine phase stability based on the phase equilibrium definition. Here, we explain the details of this technique, using the post-spinel transition in Mg2SiO4 determined by our recent work as an example. An essential technique is to observe the change in X-ray diffraction intensity between ringwoodite and bridgmanite + periclase during the spontaneous pressure drop at a constant temperature and press load with the coexistence of both phases. This observation removes the complicated pressure change upon heating and kinetic problem, providing an accurate and precise phase boundary.
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Chanyshev A, Ishii T, Bondar D, Bhat S, Kim EJ, Farla R, Nishida K, Liu Z, Wang L, Nakajima A, Yan B, Tang H, Chen Z, Higo Y, Tange Y, Katsura T. Depressed 660-km discontinuity caused by akimotoite-bridgmanite transition. Nature 2022; 601:69-73. [PMID: 34987213 PMCID: PMC8732283 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 660-kilometre seismic discontinuity is the boundary between the Earth’s lower mantle and transition zone and is commonly interpreted as being due to the dissociation of ringwoodite to bridgmanite plus ferropericlase (post-spinel transition)1–3. A distinct feature of the 660-kilometre discontinuity is its depression to 750 kilometres beneath subduction zones4–10. However, in situ X-ray diffraction studies using multi-anvil techniques have demonstrated negative but gentle Clapeyron slopes (that is, the ratio between pressure and temperature changes) of the post-spinel transition that do not allow a significant depression11–13. On the other hand, conventional high-pressure experiments face difficulties in accurate phase identification due to inevitable pressure changes during heating and the persistent presence of metastable phases1,3. Here we determine the post-spinel and akimotoite–bridgmanite transition boundaries by multi-anvil experiments using in situ X-ray diffraction, with the boundaries strictly based on the definition of phase equilibrium. The post-spinel boundary has almost no temperature dependence, whereas the akimotoite–bridgmanite transition has a very steep negative boundary slope at temperatures lower than ambient mantle geotherms. The large depressions of the 660-kilometre discontinuity in cold subduction zones are thus interpreted as the akimotoite–bridgmanite transition. The steep negative boundary of the akimotoite–bridgmanite transition will cause slab stagnation (a stalling of the slab’s descent) due to significant upward buoyancy14,15. X-ray diffraction experiments indicate that the depression of the Earth’s 660-kilometre seismic discontinuity beneath cold subduction zones is caused by a phase transition from akimotoite to bridgmanite, leading to slab stagnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Chanyshev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. .,Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Takayuki Ishii
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. .,Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Dmitry Bondar
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shrikant Bhat
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Robert Farla
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Keisuke Nishida
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Zhaodong Liu
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ayano Nakajima
- Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bingmin Yan
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuji Higo
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tange
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Katsura
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, China
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Lo Bue R, Faccenda M, Yang J. The Role of Adria Plate Lithospheric Structures on the Recent Dynamics of the Central Mediterranean Region. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2021; 126:e2021JB022377. [PMID: 35845546 PMCID: PMC9285053 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb022377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Central Mediterranean has been relatively well constrained by abundant geological data. Yet, several uncertainties persist about the mechanisms that led to the present-day surface morphology and deep slab geometry. Here, we combine geodynamic and seismological numerical modeling techniques to reproduce the recent large-scale evolution of the Central Mediterranean and the associated strain-induced upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy. 3D thermo-mechanical subduction models were designed and calibrated according to paleogeographic-tectonic reconstructions and seismological observations available in the literature. It is found that, although the opening of back-arc extensional basins in response to the retreat of the Ionian slab is a common feature in all models, structural heterogeneities within the Adria plate and/or the geometry of its Tyrrhenian passive margin profoundly impact on the segmentation of the subducting slab and the amount of Ionian trench retreat. More, in general, this study highlights the importance of coupling geodynamic and seismological modeling to better constrain the tectonic evolution of complex convergent margins such as the Central Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Lo Bue
- Dipartimento di GeoscienzeUniversità di PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Jianfeng Yang
- Dipartimento di GeoscienzeUniversità di PadovaPadovaItaly
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4
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Vigorous convection as the explanation for Pluto's polygonal terrain. Nature 2016; 534:79-81. [PMID: 27251278 DOI: 10.1038/nature18016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pluto's surface is surprisingly young and geologically active. One of its youngest terrains is the near-equatorial region informally named Sputnik Planum, which is a topographic basin filled by nitrogen (N2) ice mixed with minor amounts of CH4 and CO ices. Nearly the entire surface of the region is divided into irregular polygons about 20-30 kilometres in diameter, whose centres rise tens of metres above their sides. The edges of this region exhibit bulk flow features without polygons. Both thermal contraction and convection have been proposed to explain this terrain, but polygons formed from thermal contraction (analogous to ice-wedges or mud-crack networks) of N2 are inconsistent with the observations on Pluto of non-brittle deformation within the N2-ice sheet. Here we report a parameterized convection model to compute the Rayleigh number of the N2 ice and show that it is vigorously convecting, making Rayleigh-Bénard convection the most likely explanation for these polygons. The diameter of Sputnik Planum's polygons and the dimensions of the 'floating mountains' (the hills of of water ice along the edges of the polygons) suggest that its N2 ice is about ten kilometres thick. The estimated convection velocity of 1.5 centimetres a year indicates a surface age of only around a million years.
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Effect of Phase Transformations on the Dynamics of the Descending Slab. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm067p0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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6
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Ocean-Bottom Seismograph Study of the Western Margin of the Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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7
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Gravity Field of the Northwest Pacific Ocean Basin and Its Margin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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8
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Thickening of the Oceanic Lithosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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Jackson ED. Linear Volcanic Chains on the Pacific Plate. THE GEOPHYSICS OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN BASIN AND ITS MARGIN 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Crustal Structure of the Peru-Chile Trench: 8°12° S Latitude. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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The Early Cretaceous-Late Jurassic Magnetic Reversal Time Scale, and the Phoenix Magnetic Lineations Revisited. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Gravity Measurements Near Japan and Study of the Upper Mantle Beneath the Oceanic Trench-Marginal Sea Transition Zones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Melson WG, Vallier TL, Wright TL, Byerly G, Nelen J. Chemical Diversity of Abyssal Volcanic Glass Erupted Along Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean Sea-Floor Spreading Centers. THE GEOPHYSICS OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN BASIN AND ITS MARGIN 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Elastic Properties of Selected Ophiolitic Rocks from Papua New Guinea: Nature and Composition of Oceanic Lower Crust and Upper Mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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An Age-Dependent, Two-Layer Model for Marine Magnetic Anomalies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Kilauea Lava Lakes: Natural Laboratories for Study of Cooling, Crystallization, and Differentiation of Basaltic Magma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Mesozoic Sea-Floor Spreading in the North Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Walcott RI. Lithospheric Flexure, Analysis of Gravity Anomalies, and the Propagation of Seamount Chains. THE GEOPHYSICS OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN BASIN AND ITS MARGIN 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Magnetic Anomalies in the Sea of Japan and the Shikoku Basin: Possible Tectonic Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Post-Eocene Plate Tectonics of the Eastern Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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21
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Magnetic Anomalies in the West Philippine Basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Anomalies in the Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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23
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Mineralogic Distribution of Iron in the Upper Half of the Transition Zone in the Earth'S Mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm019p0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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24
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Poli S, Schmidt MW. H2O transport and release in subduction zones: Experimental constraints on basaltic and andesitic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Nataf HC, Froidevaux C, Levrat JL, Rabinowicz M. Laboratory convection experiments: Effect of lateral cooling and generation of instabilities in the horizontal boundary layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb086ib07p06143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Grand SP. Tomographic Inversion for Shear Velocity Beneath the North American Plate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb092ib13p14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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28
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Garfunkel Z, Anderson CA, Schubert G. Mantle circulation and the lateral migration of subducted slabs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb091ib07p07205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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30
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Glennon MA, Chen WP. Systematics of deep-focus earthquakes along the Kuril-Kamchatka Arc and their implications on mantle dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Schubert G, Froidevaux C, Yuen DA. Oceanic lithosphere and asthenosphere: Thermal and mechanical structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb081i020p03525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Buffett BA, Gable CW, O'Connell RJ. Linear stability of a layered fluid with mobile surface plates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Spohn T, Schubert G. Modes of mantle convection and the removal of heat from the Earth's interior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb087ib06p04682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Yuen DA, Schubert G. Mantle plumes: A boundary layer approach for Newtonian and non-Newtonian temperature-dependent rheologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb081i014p02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Schubert G, Anderson C, Goldman P. Mantle plume interaction with an endothermic phase change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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37
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Glatzmaier GA, Schubert G. Three-dimensional spherical models of layered and whole mantle convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Yoshioka S, Wortel MJR. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of detachment of subducted lithosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Hofmann AW, Magaritz M. Diffusion of Ca, Sr, Ba, and Co in a basalt melt: Implications for the geochemistry of the mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb082i033p05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Davies GF. Geophysical and isotopic constraints on mantle convection: An interim synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb089ib07p06017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Shaw GH. Calculation of entropies of transition and reaction and slopes of transition and reaction lines using Debye theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb081i017p03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Revenaugh J, Jordan TH. Mantle layering fromScSreverberations: 2. The transition zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Creager KC, Jordan TH. Slab penetration into the lower mantle beneath the Mariana and other island arcs of the northwest Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb091ib03p03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Richter FM. Focal mechanisms and seismic energy release of deep and intermediate earthquakes in the Tonga-Kermadec Region and their bearing on the depth extent of mantle flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb084ib12p06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Schubert G, Straus JM. Gravitational stability of water over steam in vapor-dominated geothermal systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb085ib11p06505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Tackley PJ. On the penetration of an endothermic phase transition by upwellings and downwellings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Houseman GA, McKenzie DP, Molnar P. Convective instability of a thickened boundary layer and its relevance for the thermal evolution of continental convergent belts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb086ib07p06115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 853] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Hager BH, O'Connell RJ. A simple global model of plate dynamics and mantle convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb086ib06p04843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Tovish A, Schubert G, Luyendyk BP. Mantle flow pressure and the angle of subduction: Non-Newtonian corner flows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb083ib12p05892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Dziewonski AM, Hager BH, O'Connell RJ. Large-scale heterogeneities in the lower mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb082i002p00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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