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Rodriguez-Merchan EC. Synovitis in hemophilia: preventing, detecting, and treating joint bleeds. Expert Rev Hematol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37119182 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2023.2209717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most bleeding events in individuals with hemophilia occur within the ankle, knee, and elbow joints. Should the bleeding persist, the synovial membrane starts to hypertrophy and a vicious cycle of chronic hemophilic synovitis (CHS) occurs, leading to joint destruction. AREAS COVERED This article covers the prompt diagnosis of CHS by point-of-care ultrasonography (POC-US) and its treatment by means of several types of synovectomy. EXPERT OPINION It is essential to prevent, detect and treat hemophilic synovitis, because it indicates that the joint has bled and is at risk of bleeding further. Prophylaxis with standard half life (SHL) factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate is the standard of care for individuals with severe hemophilia A and can also be considered for selected patients with moderate disease. Several years of real-world experience with extended half life (EHL) FVIII, emicizumab, and other drugs in development will be needed to ascertain their final effect on bleeding and its complications. We must look for synovitis in individuals declaring joint pain and in asymptomatic patients, and POC-US is the most reasonable imaging instrument with which to carry out periodic joint screening. Radiosynovectomy, chemical synovectomy, and arthroscopic synovectomy markedly reduce bleeding events.
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Radiosynovectomy for the Treatment of Chronic Hemophilic Synovitis: An Old Technique, but Still Very Effective. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247475. [PMID: 36556091 PMCID: PMC9788214 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A radiosynovectomy (RS) should be indicated when recurrent articular bleeds related to chronic hemophilia synovitis (CHS) exist, established by clinical examination, and confirmed by imaging techniques that cannot be constrained with hematological prophylaxis. RS can be performed at any point in life, mainly in adolescents (>13−14 years) and adults. Intraarticular injection (IAI) of a radioactive material in children might be arduous since we need child collaboration which might include general anesthesia. RS is our initial option for management of CHS. For the knee joint we prescribe Yttrium-90, while for the elbow and ankle we prescribe Rhenium-186 (1 to 3 IAIs every 6 months). The procedure is greatly cost efficient when compared to surgical synovectomy. Chemical synovectomy with rifampicin has been reported to be efficacious, inexpensive, simple, and especially practical in developing countries where radioactive materials are not easily available. Rifampicin seems to be more efficacious when it is utilized in small joints (elbows and ankles), than when utilized in bigger ones (knees). When RS and/or chemical synovectomy fail, arthroscopic synovectomy (or open synovectomy in some cases) should be indicated. For us, surgery must be performed after the failure of 3 RSs with 6-month interims. RS is an effective and minimally invasive intervention for treatment of repeated articular bleeds due to CHS. Although it has been published that the risk of cancer does not increase, and that the amount of radioactive material used in RS is insignificant, the issue of chromosomal and/or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) changes remains a concern and continued surveillance is critical. As child and adulthood prophylaxis becomes more global, RS might become obsolete in the long-term.
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Horneff S, Boddenberg-Pätzold B. The value of radiosynoviorthesis for treatment of chronic synovitis in hemophilic joint disease. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2022; 66:334-344. [PMID: 36106913 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.22.03474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic synovitis is contributing to the development of arthropathy in hemophilia A and B. In most patients with severe and moderate hemophilia, during lifetime, joint damage progresses despite early prophylaxis and intense treatment with coagulation factor concentrates. Recurrent hemorrhages into the joints and subclinical bleeding lead to chronic inflammation of the synovium, neoangiogenesis and remodeling, sustaining a vicious circle of bleeding-remodeling-bleeding and progression of osteochondral damage. Imaging techniques including ultrasound and MRI are able to early visualize synovitis and osteochondral changes. Early detection and sustained therapy of synovitis are important preconditions to prevent further deterioration of joint status. Chronic synovitis requires intensified substitution of coagulation factors and concomitant analgetic, antiphlogistic and physical therapy. The value of early radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) as effective method to control ongoing synovitis is discussed here. RSO is recommended as first choice therapy in case of persistant chronic synovitis, recorded in both national and international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Horneff
- Institute for Experimental Hematology and Transfusional Medicine, Clinical University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany -
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Kampen WU, Boddenberg-Pätzold B, Fischer M, Gabriel M, Klett R, Konijnenberg M, Kresnik E, Lellouche H, Paycha F, Terslev L, Turkmen C, van der Zant F, Antunovic L, Panagiotidis E, Gnanasegaran G, Kuwert T, Van den Wyngaert T. The EANM guideline for radiosynoviorthesis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:681-708. [PMID: 34671820 PMCID: PMC8803784 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) using the intraarticular application of beta-particle emitting radiocolloids has for decades been used for the local treatment of inflammatory joint diseases. The injected radiopharmaceuticals are phagocytized by the superficial macrophages of the synovial membrane, resulting in sclerosis and fibrosis of the formerly inflamed tissue, finally leading to reduced joint effusion and alleviation of joint pain. METHODS The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) has written and approved these guidelines in tight collaboration with an international team of clinical experts, including rheumatologists. Besides clinical and procedural aspects, different national legislative issues, dosimetric considerations, possible complications, and side effects are addressed. CONCLUSION These guidelines will assist nuclear medicine physicians in performing radiosynoviorthesis. Since there are differences regarding the radiopharmaceuticals approved for RSO and the official indications between several European countries, this guideline can only give a framework that must be adopted individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- W U Kampen
- Nuklearmedizin Spitalerhof, Radiologische Allianz, Spitalerstraße 8, 20095, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - M Fischer
- Praxis Für Radiologie Und Nuklearmedizin, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 50, 34117, Kassel, Germany
| | - M Gabriel
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, Kepler University Hospital Linz GmbH, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz and Krankenhausstrasse 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - R Klett
- ÜBAG Für Nuklearmedizin, Hanau-Frankfurt-Offenbach-Gießen, Standort Gießen, Paul-Zipp-Str. 171-173, 35398, Gießen, Germany
| | - M Konijnenberg
- Erasmus MC, Nucleaire geneeskunde, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E Kresnik
- Privatklinik Villach, Institut Für Nuklearmedizin, Dr.-Walter-Hochsteinerstrasse 4, 9504, Warmbad Villach, Austria
| | - H Lellouche
- Unité Rhumatologique de Affections de La Main, Centre Viggo Petersen, Hôpital Lariboisiere, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Institut de Rhumatologie Interventionnelle, 13 rue Thouin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - F Paycha
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - L Terslev
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - C Turkmen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34390, Turkey
| | - F van der Zant
- Nucleaire Geneeskunde, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Postbus 501, 1800 AM, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - L Antunovic
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - E Panagiotidis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Center 'Theageneio', Al Symeonidis 2 str, P.C 54007, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Gnanasegaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Kuwert
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - T Van den Wyngaert
- Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA - IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Badulescu OV, Sirbu PD, Ungureanu C, Pȋnzariu A, Cojocaru E, Filip N, Bararu-Bojan I, Vladeanu M, Ciocoiu M. Orthopedic surgery in hemophilic patients with musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:995. [PMID: 34345277 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia is a hereditary coagulopathy caused by factor VIII (hemophilia type A) or by coagulation factor IX (hemophilia type B) dysfunction, characterized by an increased bleeding predisposition, which is either spontaneous or secondary to minimal trauma. Currently, hemophilia may also be considered an 'orthopedic' condition, due to the fact that it affects the musculoskeletal system of most hemophilic patients. In recent years, constant prophylaxis using coagulation factors has led to a significant improvement in the hemophilic patient's quality of life, by reducing both life-threatening hemorrhagic phenomena, as well as the occurrence of chronic complications. Nevertheless, progressive joint bleeding remains unavoidable in this category of patients, and the onset of chronic arthropathy with secondary motor deficiency remains the main complication with an invalidating character. In such cases, orthopedic management is imperative; osteoarticular complications being managed most often with the help of conservative or surgical techniques. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of modern orthopedic practices which are useful in the management of hemophilic patients suffering from osteoarticular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Viola Badulescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morfo-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul Dan Sirbu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Surgical Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Ungureanu
- Department of Pathology, Morfo-Functional Sciences (I), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Pȋnzariu
- Department of Physiology, Morfo-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Pathology, Morfo-Functional Sciences (I), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nina Filip
- Department of Biochemistry, Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iris Bararu-Bojan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morfo-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Vladeanu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morfo-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morfo-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Rodriguez-Merchan EC. Radiosynovectomy in haemophilia. Blood Rev 2019; 35:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Suh HC, Kim DK, Kang SH, Seo KM, Kim HS, Lee JY, Lee SY, Yoo KY. Clinical and Radiological Evaluation After Chemical Synovectomy With Rifampicin in Hemophilic Arthropathy: Korean Experience With a 2-Week Interval Protocol. Ann Rehabil Med 2018; 42:449-456. [PMID: 29961743 PMCID: PMC6058588 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2018.42.3.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the clinical outcome of chemical synovectomy with rifampicin in hemophilic arthropathy by using the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) scoring system and plain radiograph. Methods We performed rifampicin synovectomy (RS) on 30 joints of 28 hemophilic patients diagnosed as hemophilic arthropathy stage I–III (based on Fernandez-Palazzi clinical classification). Clinical status (bleeding frequency, pain, joint physical status) and radiological staging were evaluated as parts of the WFH scoring system before and 1 year after RS. The patients were divided into two groups by the Arnold-Hilgartner scale of the initial X-ray as stage 3 or less for the low-stage group (n=17) and over 3 for the high-stage group (n=13). Results Total WFH joint physical scores were reduced after injection, and the number of bleeding episodes and pain showed especially significant improvement. For other subscores of the WFH joint physical score, only swelling, range of motion, and crepitus showed statistically significant improvement. According to the severity of the radiologic finding, the WFH joint physical score of both the low-stage and high-stage groups showed significant improvement. In the radiological aspect, the low-stage group, without joint space narrowing at the initial plain radiograph, showed no further aggravation after injection. However, in the high-stage group, radiology found aggravation regardless of the procedure. Conclusion It is suggested that chemical synovectomy with rifampicin may prevent hemarthrosis and improve clinical symptoms. Especially in the early stage of arthropathy without joint-space narrowing, it seems to have an additional benefit that delays radiological aggravation and preserves joint status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Chang Suh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Hyun Kang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Sang Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Elisa Mancuso M, Santagostino E, Kenet G, Elalfy M, Holzhauer S, Bidlingmaier C, Escuriola Ettingshausen C, Iorio A, Nowak-Göttl U, Marcucci M. Type and intensity of FVIII exposure on inhibitor development in PUPs with haemophilia A. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:958-67. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-07-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe impact of treatment-related factors on inhibitor development in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with haemophilia A is still debated. We present the results of a collaborative, individual patient data meta-analytic project. Eligible data sources were published cohorts of PUPs for which patient-level data were available. The exposures of interest were factor (F)VIII type (recombinant [rFVIII] vs plasma-derived [pdFVIII]) and treatment intensity (≥ vs < 150 IU/kg/week) at first treatment. Family history of inhibitors, F8 mutations, age, treatment regimen (on-demand vs prophylaxis), secular trend and surgery were analysed as putative confounders using different statistical approaches (multivariable Cox regression, propensity score analyses, CART). Analyses accounted for the multi-centre origin of the data. We included 761 consecutive, unselected PUPs with moderate to severe haemophilia A from 10 centres in Egypt, Germany, Israel and Italy. A total of 27 % of patients developed inhibitors; 40 % and 22 % of patients treated with rFVIII and pdFVIII (unadjusted HR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.6–2.9), respectively; 51 % and 24 % of patients receiving high-and low-intensity treatment (unadjusted HR 2.9, 95 % CI 2.0–4.2), respectively. In adjusted analyses, only treatment intensity remained an independent predictor; the effect of FVIII type was largely due to confounding, but with a significant interaction between FVIII type and treatment intensity. This patient-level meta-analysis confirms, across different statistical approaches, that high-intensity treatment is a strong risk factor for inhibitor development. The possible role of FVIII type in subgroups is suggested by the test for interactions but could not be proven because of the limited subgroups sample sizes.
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Bleasel JF. Hemophilia and von Willebrand disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Chronic synovitis often occurs in people with haemophilia. Untreated chronic haemophilic synovitis affects the metabolism of chondrocytes, thus leading to haemophilic arthropathy. A recently introduced therapeutic protocol includes radiation synovectomy (RS), a safe and cost-effective therapeutic method, which has given satisfactory results in 75% of haemophiliacs with chronic hypertrophic synovitis. Because of its efficacy, we will discuss additional recommendations on the use of RS as a method of choice. The focus of this review is haemophilic arthropathy treatment, including its aetiopathogenesis, reasons for RS indication and its mechanism of action, and use of radioisotopes and other agents for treatment.
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York JR, Bleasel JF. Hemophilia and vonWillebrand disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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THOMAS S, GABRIEL MB, ASSI PE, BARBOZA M, PERRI MLP, LAND MGP, DA COSTA ES. Radioactive synovectomy with Yttrium90 citrate in haemophilic synovitis: Brazilian experience. Haemophilia 2010; 17:e211-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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