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Pezeshkpoor B, Berkemeier AC, Herbst K, Albert T, Müller J, Oldenburg J. Comprehensive domain-specific analysis and immunoglobulin G profiling of anti-factor VIII antibodies using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1591-1604. [PMID: 38453023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies against factor (F)VIII are a major complication in the treatment of patients with severe hemophilia A. The Nijmegen-Bethesda assay (NBA) is the gold standard for detection of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors), whereas both inhibitors and nonneutralizing antibodies can be detected by immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiplex bead-based assays. OBJECTIVES Evaluation of an in-house Luminex bead-based assay (LumiTope) compared with a commercially available ELISA and NBA. METHODS The LumiTope method comprised full-length and B-domain-deleted FVIII as well as 9 purified FVIII single or multidomains. The respective proteins were coupled to magnetic beads to detect domain-specific immunoglobulin (IgG; IgG1-4) anti-FVIII antibodies in a large cohort of patients with hemophilia A with and without inhibitors. RESULTS Overall, LumiTope assay had a high sensitivity (94.9%) and specificity (91.2%), particularly in patients with low-titer inhibitors compared with ELISA (sensitivity of 72.2% vs 27.7%). IgG4 was the most abundant IgG subclass in NBA-positive patients. NBA-positive and -negative patients showed different domain profiles. Patients with genetic variants in the heavy chain predominantly exhibited antibodies specific to this chain, while those with a light-chain variant showed a more diverse distribution of antibody specificities. Patients with an intron 22 inversion resembled those with a light-chain defect, with a majority of antibodies targeting the light chain. CONCLUSION LumiTope assay provides a sensitive and specific method for not only detection but also domain specification of anti-FVIII-antibodies. Implementation of bead-based assays could improve antibody detection, profiling, and comparability of results and complement NBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Pezeshkpoor
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ann-Cristin Berkemeier
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Herbst
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thilo Albert
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases Bonn (ZSEB), University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Meijer P, Peyvandi F, Young G, Pruthi R, de Lima Montalvão S, Kitchen S. International Council for Standardization in Haematology recommendations for laboratory measurement of factor VIII and FIX type I inhibitors. Int J Lab Hematol 2023; 45:413-424. [PMID: 37287431 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This guidance document has been prepared on behalf of the International Council for Standardisation in Hematology. The aim of the document is to provide guidance and recommendations on the measurement of factor VIII (FVIII) and factor IX (FIX) inhibitors. After an introduction on the clinical background and relevance of factor VIII and factor IX inhibitor testing, the following aspects of laboratory testing are included: screening for inhibitors, assay principle, sample requirements, testing requirements and interpretation, quality assurance, interferences and recent developments. This guidance document focusses on recommendations for a standardised procedure for the laboratory measurement of FVIII and FIX type I inhibitors. The recommendations are based on published data in peer-reviewed literature and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Meijer
- ECAT Foundation, Voorschoten, The Netherlands
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guy Young
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajiv Pruthi
- Division of Hematology and Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Silmara de Lima Montalvão
- Laboratory Hemostasis, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steve Kitchen
- Sheffield Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Sheffield, UK
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Ketteler C, Hoffmann I, Davidson S, Chen D, Tiede A, Richter N. Impact of different factor VIII inhibitor kinetic profiles on the inhibitor titer quantification using the modified Nijmegen–Bethesda assay. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12799. [PMID: 36518189 PMCID: PMC9743337 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor titer quantification is vital for optimizing care in people with hemophilia A. Objectives This study analyzed the impact of the different kinetic profiles of four FVIII monoclonal antibodies on inhibitor titer quantification using the modified Nijmegen–Bethesda assay. Methods Concentration‐related and time‐related profiles of FVIII antibodies (4A4, BO2C11, 2‐54, ESH‐8) were evaluated in vitro. FVIII residual activity was measured using a one‐stage clotting assay and chromogenic substrate assay. Profiles of the FVIII antibodies were compared with the theoretical kinetic model: the ideal log (residual activity)‐linear (inhibitor concentration) relationship. Different theoretical kinetic model–dependent and –independent criteria to calculate FVIII inhibitor titer were compared. Results Factor VIII monoclonal antibodies had different concentration‐related and time‐related profiles, ideal for comparative analysis using the modified Nijmegen–Bethesda assay. The kinetic profile of 4A4 was similar to the theoretical kinetic model, while BO2C11 showed a steeper curve, and 2‐54 and ESH‐8 a flatter curve, than the model. In the modified Nijmegen–Bethesda assay, conversion of measured FVIII residual activities for different inhibitor dilutions into FVIII inhibitor titer is based on the theoretical kinetic model. Therefore, titer calculations for FVIII inhibitors that deviate from the model are prone to underestimation or overestimation. Calculating a theoretical dilution at 50% FVIII residual activity by sigmoidal regression reflecting different kinetic inhibition profiles can provide a more accurate titer result. Conclusion Kinetic profiles of FVIII antibodies can deviate from the theoretical kinetic model in the modified Nijmegen–Bethesda assay, leading to differences in FVIII inhibitor titer quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Chen
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andreas Tiede
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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Measurement of coagulation factor antibody levels is useful for diagnosis and determining therapeutic efficacy in hemorrhagic patients with autoantibodies to coagulation factor VIII and factor V: results from a single center in Japan. Int J Hematol 2021; 115:11-20. [PMID: 34476734 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation factor inhibitors (CFIs) sometimes cause fatal bleeding conditions. Determination of an inhibitor titer (INH-titer) using the Bethesda method is essential for diagnosing diseases associated with CFIs and examining the effects of immunosuppressive therapy. We reviewed 17 cases with CFIs (acquired hemophilia A, n = 11; FV inhibitor, n = 6) to examine the usefulness of determining quantities of an autoantibody to a coagulation factor (CF-IgG) by ELISA for diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy, as compared with INH-titer. One patient with an INH-titer and no evidence of CF-IgG was lupus anticoagulant (LA)-positive, and thus the positive INH-titer may have been a false positive caused by LA. Although INH-titer alone was insufficient to correctly identify patients with CFI, determination of CF-IgG appeared to be useful. In addition, even after INH-titer disappearance, hemorrhagic conditions recurred when CF-IgG was detected. These findings suggest that the presence of a clearance antibody against the coagulation factor might reduce the activity of that coagulation factor even after disappearance of the corresponding neutralizing antibody. Although the diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy can also be determined by INH-titer disappearance and improvement of corresponding coagulation factor activity, determination of CF-IgG by ELISA can improve the accuracy of these assessments.
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Rathaur VK, Vigneshwar NKV, Imran A, Pathania M, Agrawal S, Chacham S, Verma PK, Bhat NK. Rare but not Abdicated: Status of Haemophilia in foothills of Himalaya, Uttarakhand: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1437-1442. [PMID: 34041191 PMCID: PMC8140229 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1613_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilia is one of the bleeding disorders, which is inherited, in an xlinked recessive pattern. The diagnosis is by estimation of factor levels of 8 and 9. Timebound treatment for people living with Haemophilia (PWH) is factor replacement during bleeding manifestation. The prevalence of Haemophilia was mostly underestimated, and it is more so in hilly terrains like the state of Uttarakhand. Materials and Method This is a crosssectional study by compiling the data of PWH visiting the tertiary care centre for Haemophilia in Uttarakhand. We collected data from the patients with bleeding disorder reporting to the Haemophilia centre from July 2017 to December 2018. In this manuscript, we try to describe the pattern of Haemophilia and the degree of severity and incidence of inhibitors among the sample population of PWH who represent the population of Uttarakhand. The magnitude of problems faced by PWH from this hilly terrain to assess basic treatment in case of emergency is also being depicted. Result We reported Haemophilia A contributing about 80% of the PWH in our centre. Average distance a PWH has to travel to obtain treatment was about 131.5 km (SD ± 83.7 km). Incidence of inhibitors was about 5%. Conclusion We infer from our study that Hemophilia A is more common than Hemophilia B. Through this manuscript we hope to spread awareness of the Haemophilia care that is ongoing, the role of prophylaxis therapy and the future role of primary care physicians that may change the care of PWH in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyas K Rathaur
- Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pediatrics, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Govt. Institute of Medical Science & Research, N. K. V. Vigneshwar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - N K V Vigneshwar
- Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ayesha Imran
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Monika Pathania
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sonam Agrawal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Swathi Chacham
- Additional Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prashant K Verma
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nowneet K Bhat
- Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Falcinelli E, Baccolo A, Mezzasoma AM, Gresele P. Comparative evaluation of the fully automated HemosIL ® AcuStar ADAMTS13 activity assay vs. ELISA: possible interference by autoantibodies different from anti ADAMTS-13. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:e193-e196. [PMID: 33325841 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Falcinelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Baccolo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Mezzasoma
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Gandhi T, Lawler P, Foxton E, Chowdary P, Riddell A. Clinical utility of sample preheat treatment in a modified Nijmegen-Bethesda assay (mNBA) for inhibitor monitoring in congenital and acquired haemophilia A: A single-centre four-year experience. Haemophilia 2020; 26:e300-e307. [PMID: 32892451 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laboratory monitoring for factor VIII inhibitors ideally requires samples with the lowest possible factor VIII (FVIII) level, potentially challenging in patients with congenital haemophilia A (CHA) receiving regular prophylaxis and acquired haemophilia A (AHA) patients with endogenous FVIII. Inactivation of FVIII by preheating (preheat treatment, PHT) of patient plasma has been suggested to facilitate monitoring. AIM To evaluate the clinical utility of PHT prior to inhibitor analysis by modified Nijmegen-Bethesda assay (mNBA) in patients with CHA and AHA. METHODS Inhibitor screening by mNBA under standard conditions and with PHT at 56°C for 30, 60 and 90 minutes was evaluated. FVIII inhibitor results between 2007 and 2010 without PHT (720 results from 222 CHA and AHA patients), and between 2011 and 2014 post-PHT (1102 results from 302 patients) were available for analysis. RESULTS Of total 1822 results available, 61% were from severe HA patients, 22% from mild and moderate HA and 16% from AHA. Pre-PHT, 74% of samples were analysed by the mNBA, and the remaining 26% were not tested as FVIII levels were >20 IU/dL as per local protocol. Postintroduction of PHT (90 and 60 minutes), 96% of samples received were analysed for an inhibitor. Post-PHT in patients with AHA (n = 26), 69% of samples tested with factor VIII levels >20 IU/dL were found to have detectable inhibitor. CONCLUSION FVIII inhibitor testing using PHT at 56°C for 60 minutes facilitates inhibitor surveillance of CHA on prophylaxis. Potentially, 30 minutes at 56°C might be equally efficacious. In AHA receiving immunosuppression, monitoring of inhibitor titre after initial factor VIII response might enable personalized immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Gandhi
- Haemophilia & Thrombosis Laboratory (Health Services Laboratories), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pura Lawler
- Haemophilia & Thrombosis Laboratory (Health Services Laboratories), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Foxton
- Haemophilia & Thrombosis Laboratory (Health Services Laboratories), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pratima Chowdary
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia & Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anne Riddell
- Haemophilia & Thrombosis Laboratory (Health Services Laboratories), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Trossaert M, Graveleau J, Thiercelin-Legrand MF, Sigaud M, Guerrero F, Neel A, Fouassier M, Sailler L, Chauveau D, Ternisien C, Huart A, Gillet B, Hamidou M, Bene MC, Voisin S. The factor VIII:C/VWF:Ag ratio as a useful tool to predict relapse in patients with acquired haemophilia A: A retrospective cohort study. Haemophilia 2019; 25:527-534. [PMID: 31050100 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder caused by the presence of autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). The mortality rate remains high. International recommendations define complete remission as undetectable inhibitor (<0.6 Bethesda Units [BU]) and normal FVIII activity (FVIII:C) that persists after immunosuppressive therapy stopped. For patients achieving remission, the risk of relapse reaches 20%. The risk factors for this relapse are not well known. AIM In this study, we examined the accuracy of the FVIII/W ratio (FVIII:C/von Willebrand Factor Antigen (VWF:Ag) ratio) to predict relapse in 64 consecutive patients with AHA. RESULTS In this cohort, all patients had a very low FVIII/W ratio at the time of diagnosis, and this value progressively increased in the first weeks of immunosuppressive treatment. In our study, 9/55 (14%) did not achieve complete remission. Twenty-seven patients were followed long enough (more than a year) to show that in the 22 patients who did not relapse, the FVIII/W ratio remained durably normalized. By contrast, in the five patients who relapsed during follow-up, we noted either no normalization of the FVIII/W ratio, or a secondary decrease to an abnormal value of <0.7 after initial normalization. In all patients who relapsed, the ratio was the first abnormal biological result to be observed, always preceding changes in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), FVIII:C and anti-FVIII reappearance. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the FVIII/W ratio could be considered a sensitive biological marker to predict recovery and/or relapse in AHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Trossaert
- Laboratoire d'hémostase, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Marianne Sigaud
- Laboratoire d'hémostase, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, France
| | | | - Antoine Neel
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Marc Fouassier
- Laboratoire d'hémostase, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, France
| | | | - Dominique Chauveau
- Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'Organes, CHU Rangueil et Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Ternisien
- Laboratoire d'hémostase, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Huart
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Gillet
- Laboratoire d'hémostase, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, France
| | | | - Marie C Bene
- Laboratoire d'hémostase, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, France
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Compartment syndrome of the forearm with life-threatening bleeding after fasciotomy as the presenting sign of postpartum acquired hemophilia A: a case report. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2019; 30:120-126. [PMID: 30864964 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
: Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by the development of autoantibodies against clotting factor VIII. Although the cause of this disorder remains obscure, it is often linked to malignancies, drug administration, autoimmune diseases and pregnancy. In pregnancy-associated AHA, hemorrhagic symptoms usually present 1-4 months peripartum, however they may occur up to 1-year postpartum. Compartment syndrome of the forearm is also very uncommon complication of AHA but can have devastating consequences. We report a rare case of a compartment syndrome of the forearm in a 30-year-old woman 2.5 months postpartum as the presentation of pregnancy-associated AHA.
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Rampersad AG, Boylan B, Miller CH, Shapiro A. Distinguishing lupus anticoagulants from factor VIII inhibitors in haemophilic and non-haemophilic patients. Haemophilia 2018; 24:807-814. [PMID: 30004159 PMCID: PMC6345165 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate diagnosis of an inhibitor, a neutralizing antibody to infused factor VIII (FVIII), is essential for appropriate management of haemophilia A (HA). Low-titre inhibitors may be difficult to diagnose due to high rates of false-positive inhibitor results in that range. Transient low-titre inhibitors and false-positive inhibitors may be due to the presence of a lupus anticoagulant (LA) or other non-specific antibodies. Fluorescence immunoassay (FLI) to detect antibodies to FVIII is a sensitive method to identify inhibitors in HA. Evaluations of antibody profiles by various groups have demonstrated that haemophilic inhibitors detected by Nijmegen-Bethesda (NBA) and chromogenic Bethesda (CBA) assays correlate with positivity for anti-FVIII immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and G4. AIM This study sought to determine whether FLI could distinguish false-positive FVIII inhibitor results related to LAs from clinically relevant FVIII inhibitors in HA patients. METHODS Samples from haemophilic and non-haemophilic subjects were tested for LA, specific FVIII inhibitors by NBA and CBA, and anti-FVIII immunoglobulin profiles by FLI. RESULTS No samples from LA-positive non-haemophilic subjects were positive by FLI for anti-FVIII IgG4. Conversely, 91% of NBA-positive samples from haemophilia subjects were positive for anti-FVIII IgG4. Two of 11 haemophilia subjects had samples negative for anti-FVIII IgG4 and CBA, which likely represented LA rather than FVIII inhibitor presence. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of anti-FVIII profiles along with the CBA may be useful to distinguish a clinically relevant low-titre FVIII inhibitor from a transient LA in HA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Rampersad
- Indiana Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - B Boylan
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C H Miller
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Naderi N, Ebrahimzadeh F, Jazebi M, Namvar A, Hashemi M, Bolhassani A. Polymorphisms in the TGF-β1 (rs1982037) and IL-2 (rs2069762, rs4833248) genes are not associated with inhibitor development in Iranian patients with hemophilia A. Hematology 2018; 23:839-843. [PMID: 29993342 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2018.1498168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Development of neutralizing antibodies against factor VIII is the major complication in hemophilia care which makes replacement therapies ineffective. The reports showed that inflammatory cytokines play an important role in inhibitor production. In the present study, the relationship between inhibitor development and the polymorphisms of two cytokine genes was studied in severe hemophiliac patients from Iran. Methods In this case-control study, three polymorphisms of immune regulatory genes [TGF-β (rs1982037) and IL-2 (rs2069762, rs4833248)] were analyzed in 100 Iranian hemophilia A patients divided into 55 inhibitor positive and 45 inhibitor negative patients using Tetra primer ARMS PCR, and DNA sequencing. Results The analysis of polymorphisms in the TGF-β and IL-2 genes showed no association between the genotypes and the production of inhibitors (p > 0.05). Also, comparison of allele frequencies for TGF-β and IL-2 genes between two groups indicated no significant differences associated with the development of FVIII inhibitors (p > 0.05). Discussion In contrast with some reports involving the correlation between polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 and IL-2 genes and inhibitor development in the world, no statistically significant differences in analysis of the alleles and genotypes for TGF-β and IL-2 genes were found between the inhibitor and non-inhibitor Iranian patients. Thus, other genetic markers influencing the immune response to replacement therapy in patients with hemophilia should be identified. Conclusions Regarding our results in molecular predisposition for inhibitor development, further studies of effective genetic markers are required as a prerequisite for the development of novel immunogenic therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Naderi
- a Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fariba Ebrahimzadeh
- b Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Jazebi
- a Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- a Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- b Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- c Department of Hepatitis and AIDS , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
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Miller CH. Laboratory testing for factor VIII and IX inhibitors in haemophilia: A review. Haemophilia 2018; 24:186-197. [PMID: 29446525 PMCID: PMC6033270 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors are antibodies directed against haemophilia treatment products which interfere with their function. Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors in haemophilia A and factor IX (FIX) inhibitors in haemophilia B are significant clinically when they require a change in a patient's treatment regimen. Their persistence may increase morbidity and mortality. Multiple laboratory tests are now available for detecting and understanding inhibitors in haemophilia. Inhibitors are traditionally measured by their interference in clotting or chromogenic factor assays. They may also be detected using immunologic assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or fluorescence immunoassay. Anti-FVIII or anti-FIX antibodies of IgG4 subclass best correlate with the presence of functional inhibitors. Improvements in inhibitor measurement have been recently introduced. Preanalytical heat treatment of patient specimens allows testing of patients without delaying treatment. Use of chromogenic and immunologic assays may aid in identification of false-positive results, which are frequent among low-titre inhibitors. Validated reagent substitutions can be used to reduce assay cost. New methods for defining assay positivity and reporting low-titre inhibitors have been suggested. Challenges remain in the areas of quality control, assay standardization, monitoring of patients undergoing immune tolerance induction therapy and testing in the presence of modified and novel treatment products.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Miller
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chambost H, Biron-Andreani C, Morange PE, Combescure C, Marques-Verdier A, Berger C, Schved JF, Granier C, Lebreton A, Lapalud P, Lavigne-Lissalde G. Prevalence and epitope specificity of non-neutralising antibodies in a large cohort of haemophilia A patients without inhibitors. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105:954-61. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-10-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAntibodies (inhibitors and non-neutralising antibodies [NNA]) directed against factor VIII (FVIII) remain the main iatrogenic complication in haemophilia A (HA) patients. Inhibitors reduce FVIII procoagulant properties, whereas NNA are directed against non-functional epitopes. NNA are poorly studied and their prevalence, epitope specificity and physiopathology inadequately defined. The aim of this study was first to evaluate NNA prevalence in a French retrospective multicentric series of 210 patients without inhibitors, then to determine their epitope specificity (against the heavy chain [HC] or the light chain [LC] of FVIII) and particularly to assess the prevalence of anti-B domain NNA using specifically designed x-MAP assays. NNA occurred in 18.1% of patients (38/210) and their prevalence was not influenced by the severity of the disease. Among the 38 patients with NNA, 73.7% had anti-FVIII Abs against the HC, 13.2% against the LC and 13.2% had anti-FVIII Abs against both chains. There is thus a clear immuno-dominance of the HC of FVIII in the epitope profile of NNA, whatever the severity of HA. The proportion of NNA that recognised the B domain was 18.4% (n=7/38). A multivariate analysis did not highlight differences in NNA occurrence between patients treated with recombinant FVIII or with plasma-derived FVIII (19.6% vs. 14.9%, p=0.53).
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Abrantes JA, Nielsen EI, Korth-Bradley J, Harnisch L, Jönsson S. Elucidation of Factor VIII Activity Pharmacokinetics: A Pooled Population Analysis in Patients With Hemophilia A Treated With Moroctocog Alfa. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:977-988. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JA Abrantes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - EI Nielsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - L Harnisch
- Global Clinical Pharmacology; Pfizer Sandwich UK
| | - S Jönsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Millner AH, Tiefenbacher S, Robinson M, Boesen HT. A variation of the Nijmegen-Bethesda assay using heat or a novel heat/cold pretreatment for the detection of FIX inhibitors in the presence of residual FIX activity. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:639-647. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Millner
- Immunogenicity Assessment; Novo Nordisk A/S; Måløv Denmark
| | - S. Tiefenbacher
- Colorado Coagulation; Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings; Englewood CO USA
| | - M. Robinson
- Colorado Coagulation; Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings; Englewood CO USA
| | - H. T. Boesen
- Immunogenicity Assessment; Novo Nordisk A/S; Måløv Denmark
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Tabriznia-Tabrizi S, Gholampour M, Mansouritorghabeh H. A close insight to factor VIII inhibitor in the congenital hemophilia A. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:903-13. [PMID: 27367203 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1208554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemophilia A (HA) has an X-linked pattern of inheritance and is the most common of the hemorrhagic disorders. HA is caused by a decreased or deficiency of the functional clotting factor VIII (FVIII) and effects 1 in 5000-10,000 male births. The common treatment for hemophilia is replacement therapy by plasma-derived or recombinant FVIII. Approximately 20-30% of people with a severe type of HA develop an inhibitor and this phenomenon is the main challenge in the management of these patients. Genetic factors and environmental determinants contribute to inhibitor development. Here, the roles of various genetic and environmental factors such as the type of FVIII concentrate used, the number of exposure days, and peak treatment time will be discussed in detail. It seems this information is helpful for hematologists. AREAS COVERED A literature review was done in January 2016 on PubMed and Scopus using the following keywords:' h(a)emophilia A & factor VIII inhibitor', 'h(a)emophilia A & factor VIII alloantibody', 'h(a)emophilia A & inhibitor'. There was no time limitation; however, there was an English language limitation placed on the articles selected. Expert commentary: Influential genetic and environmental factors in developing inhibitors have been discussed. Most of the risk factors are related to previously untreated patients with hemophili.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzie Gholampour
- a Haematology , Mashhad University of Medical sciences (MUMS) , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Hassan Mansouritorghabeh
- b Allergy Research Center, Ghaem hospital, School of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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17
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Werwitzke S, Geisen U, Nowak-Göttl U, Eichler H, Stephan B, Scholz U, Holstein K, Klamroth R, Knöbl P, Huth-Kühne A, Bomke B, Tiede A. Diagnostic and prognostic value of factor VIII binding antibodies in acquired hemophilia A: data from the GTH-AH 01/2010 study. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:940-7. [PMID: 26988717 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Factor VIII (FVIII) binding IgG detected by ELISA could be an alternative to the Bethesda assay. We studied the performance of anti-FVIII IgG ELISA in patients with acquired hemophilia and controls. Anti-FVIII IgG > 99th percentile of controls was highly sensitive and specific. Patients with high anti-FVIII IgG have a lower chance of achieving remission. SUMMARY Background Acquired hemophilia A is a severe bleeding disorder that requires fast and accurate diagnosis as it occurs often unexpectedly in previously healthy men and women of every age. The Nijmegen-modified Bethesda assay is the diagnostic reference standard for detecting neutralizing autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII), but is not widely available, not ideal for quantifying the complex type 2 inhibitors seen in acquired hemophilia, and suffers from high inter-laboratory variability. Objectives To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of FVIII-binding antibodies as detected by ELISA compared with the Nijmegen Bethesda assay. Methods Samples from the time of first diagnosis and clinical data were available from 102 patients with acquired hemophilia enrolled in the prospective GTH-AH 01/2010 study. Controls (n = 102) were matched for gender and age. Diagnostic cut-offs were determined by receiver-operator curve analysis. The prognostic value was assessed in 92 of the 102 patients by Cox regression analysis of time to partial remission. Results Anti-FVIII IgG above the 99th percentile (> 15 arbitrary units per mL) revealed high sensitivity and specificity (both 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.0) for diagnosing acquired hemophilia. The likelihood of achieving partial remission was related to anti-FVIII IgG concentration (< 300 arbitrary units, 1.0; 300-1050, 0.65; > 1050, 0.39). The Bethesda titer was only associated with the likelihood of partial remission when analyzed in the central laboratory, but not when data from local GTH study sites were used. Conclusion Although the Nijmegen-modified Bethesda assay is the reference standard for demonstrating neutralizing antibodies, the detection of FVIII-binding antibodies by ELISA is similarly sensitive and specific for diagnosing acquired hemophilia. In addition, anti-FVIII IgG may provide prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Werwitzke
- Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - U Geisen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Nowak-Göttl
- Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Eichler
- Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - B Stephan
- Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - U Scholz
- Center of Coagulation Disorders, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Holstein
- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Klamroth
- Internal Medicine, Vivantes Clinic Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Knöbl
- Hematology and Hemostasis, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Huth-Kühne
- Hemophilia Care Center, SRH Kurpfalzkrankenhaus Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Bomke
- Hemostasis, Hemotherapy, and Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Center Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Tiede
- Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Improving the performance of factor VIII inhibitor tests in hemophilia A. Thromb Res 2015; 136:1047-8. [PMID: 26432649 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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How I use bypassing therapy for prophylaxis in patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors. Blood 2015; 126:153-9. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-551952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Inhibitor development poses a significant challenge in the management of hemophilia because once an inhibitor is present, bleeding episodes can no longer be treated with standard clotting factor replacement therapy. Consequently, patients with inhibitors are at increased risk for difficult-to-control bleeding and complications, particularly arthropathy and physical disability. Three clinical trials in patients with inhibitors have demonstrated that prophylaxis with a bypassing agent reduces joint and other types of bleeding and improves health-related quality of life compared with on-demand bypassing therapy. In hemophilia patients without inhibitors, the initiation of prophylaxis with factor (F) VIII or FIX prior to the onset of recurrent hemarthroses can prevent the development of joint disease. Whether this is also true for bypassing agent prophylaxis remains to be determined.
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20
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Zhou J, Ding Q, Chen Z, Yang H, Lin L, Wang H, Wang X, Wu R. Risk factors associated with inhibitor development in Chinese patients with haemophilia B. Haemophilia 2015; 21:e286-93. [PMID: 25929987 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibitor development is a severe complication of factor IX substitution treatment for haemophilia B (HB). Current research examined the association between inhibitor development and F9 genotypes and polymorphisms in immune response genes in Chinese HB patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 11 inhibitor-positive HB patients and 41 inhibitor-negative HB patients were enrolled. Direct sequencing, copy number variation (CNV) detection and fragment length analysis were applied to identify F9 genotypes and 15 polymorphisms in immune response genes. RESULTS 7 patients developed high titer inhibitors, with 5 of them having histories of consecutive exposure to FIX products on demand for at least 5 days. Allergic reactions/anaphylaxis to prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) occurred in 3 patients before inhibitors were detected. Five nonsense mutations (E54X, R75X, Q185X, R298X and R379X), two large deletions (E1~6del and E1~8del) and one missense mutation (S411G) were identified in patients with inhibitors. Missense mutations had a low odds ratio for FIX inhibitors development (IOR) of 0.078 (P = 0.02), while nonsense mutation presented a high IOR of 8.500 (P = 0.0044). The frequency of allele T in CD44(95102) (A/T) was significantly higher in inhibitor-negative patients, with OR of 0.324 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Nonsense mutations conferred a higher risk for while allele T in CD44(95102) (A/T) might play a protective role against inhibitor development in Chinese HB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Hemotology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - L Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - R Wu
- Hematology-Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Meijer K, Rauchensteiner S, Santagostino E, Platokouki H, Schutgens REG, Brunn M, Tueckmantel C, Valeri F, Schinco PC. Continuous infusion of recombinant factor VIII formulated with sucrose in surgery: Non-interventional, observational study in patients with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2014; 21:e19-25. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Meijer
- University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - E. Santagostino
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Maggiore Hospital Policlinico; Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre; Milan Italy
| | | | - R. E. G. Schutgens
- Van Creveldkliniek; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - M. Brunn
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; Berlin Germany
| | | | - F. Valeri
- SSCVD Mal. Trombotiche/Emorragiche; Molinette University Hospital; Turin Italy
| | - P. C. Schinco
- SSCVD Mal. Trombotiche/Emorragiche; Molinette University Hospital; Turin Italy
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22
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Ehrenschwender M, Koessler J, Brunner K, Steigerwald U. A 77-year-old man with a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Clin Chem 2012; 58:1402-5. [PMID: 23024127 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.168393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institut für Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie mit Zentrallabor, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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Lapalud P, Ali T, Cayzac C, Mathieu-Dupas E, Levesque H, Pfeiffer C, Balicchi J, Gruel Y, Borg JY, Schved JF, Granier C, Lavigne-Lissalde G. The IgG autoimmune response in postpartum acquired hemophilia A targets mainly the A1a1 domain of FVIII. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1814-22. [PMID: 22784315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a severe life-threatening autoimmune disease due to the development of autoantibodies that neutralize the procoagulant activity of factor VIII (FVIII). In rare cases, AHA occurs in the postpartum period as a serious complication of an otherwise normal pregnancy and delivery. Due to its rarity, little is known about the features of the antibody response to FVIII in AHA. OBJECTIVES Our study wanted to (i) determine the epitope specificity and the immunoglobulin (Ig) subclasses of anti-FVIII autoantibodies in plasma samples from a large cohort of AHA patients, and (ii) compare the epitope specificity of anti-FVIII autoantibodies in plasma samples from postpartum AHA and other AHA patients. PATIENTS/METHODS Seventy-three plasma samples from patients with postpartum AHA (n = 10) or associated with malignancies (n = 16) or autoimmune diseases (n = 11) or without underlying disease (n = 36) were analyzed with three multiplexed assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a stronger response against the A1a1-A2a2-B fragments of FVIII and more specifically against the A1a1 domain in patients with postpartum AHA than in the other AHA groups (P < 0.01). Moreover, although IgG4 was the predominant IgG subclass in all groups, anti-A1a1-A2a2-B and anti-A1a1 domain autoantibodies of the IgG(1) and IgG3 subclasses were more frequently detected in postpartum AHA than in the other AHA groups. These findings support the involvement of the Th1-driven response in the generation of autoantibodies in women with postpartum AHA compared with the other groups of AHA patients in whom production of Th2-driven IgG4 was predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lapalud
- SysDiag, UMR3145 CNRS/BioRad, Montpellier, France.
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SAHUD M, ZHUKOV O, MO K, POPOV J, DLOTT J. False-positive results in ELISA-based anti FVIII antibody assay may occur with lupus anticoagulant and phospholipid antibodies. Haemophilia 2012; 18:777-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Development of a new modified Bethesda method for coagulation inhibitors: the Osaka modified Bethesda method. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2011; 22:185-9. [PMID: 21245748 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32834356d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Nijmegen assay for the factor VIII (F-VIII) inhibitor is recommended by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis/Scientific and Standardization Committee. However, due to cumbersome and complicated preprocessing, it is presently difficult to introduce this assay into hospital laboratories. We used buffered plasma that was made by addition of 1 volume of 1 mol/l HEPES buffer at pH 7.35 to 9 volumes of plasma to form the test samples. The inhibitor titer was calculated by the remaining rate of F-VIII coagulation activity (F-VIII:C), using the ratio of actual value to the theoretical value. Five hundred microliters of the buffered test plasma and the control (30 mmol/l HEPES buffered saline at pH 7.35) were each mixed with equal volumes (500 μl) of normal pooled plasma in a test tube (11 mm internal diameter and 6.5 ml volume capacity), and incubated at 37°C for 2 h. In our modified Bethesda method, there were no significant changes in pH and F-VIII:C of control and test mixtures after incubation tests for stability. With the modified method, the inhibitor titers (mean, SD) from examining three hemophilia A plasma samples (F-VIII:C, <1-3%) and 40 normal samples (F-VIII:C, 34.5-168.3%) were 0.032, 0.057 and -0.009, 0.057, respectively. By our method, the F-VIII inhibitor titer of type I inhibitor-positive samples was higher than the Nijmegen method, and for type II inhibitor-positive samples, the titer was similar. We believe that our method can be applied to not only the type I inhibitor, but also to assays of type II inhibitor, without cumbersome and complicated preprocessing.
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Phadke S. Hemophilia care in India: a review and experience from a tertiary care centre in uttar pradesh. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2011; 27:121-6. [PMID: 22942560 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-011-0084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 14,000 people with hemophilia are registered at the Hemophilia Federation of India; however, hemophilia remains under-diagnosed and many cases are not registered. In June 2009, the Government of Uttar Pradesh made anti-hemophilic factors available at a few centers, including the Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. Consequently, the level of hemophilia care has improved considerably in recent times. Amongst the many challenges facing people with hemophilia, the development of inhibitors, which neutralize clotting factors provided by replacement therapy, is the most feared one. Healthcare professionals who treat people with hemophilia should not only be knowledgeable about the condition and committed to bettering the management of hemophilia, but also take responsibility for the judicious allocation of resources for various aspects of managing hemophilia. This manuscript aims to raise awareness regarding the detection and management of inhibitors in hemophilia based on the experience of a tertiary care hemophilia treatment centre in Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
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Gringeri A, Muça-Perja M, Mangiafico L, von Mackensen S. Pharmacotherapy of haemophilia A. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1039-53. [PMID: 21682657 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.570006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemophilia A is due to factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. The main treatment is replacement therapy with FVIII concentrates. However, these concentrates carried a high risk of blood-borne viral infections and still have a high risk of inducing anti-FVIII inhibitors. AREAS COVERED An overview of products available and therapeutic options for haemophilia A management in order to help in decision making. A literature search using Medline with the keywords: 'haemophilia', 'factor VIII', 'therapy', 'inhibitor', 'concentrate', 'bleeding', 'prophylaxis', 'on demand', 'plasma-derived', 'recombinant', 'coagulation factors', 'immunotolerance' was performed. The years 1960 - 2010 are included. EXPERT OPINION Progress in management of patients with haemophilia A has allowed increased life expectancy and quality of life. There is evidence that prophylaxis prevents or, at least, slows down arthropathy development when started early in childhood. FVIII concentrates have achieved high levels of blood-borne pathogen safety. However, treatment is frequently complicated by development of FVIII-neutralizing inhibitors, which prevent control of bleeding and predispose to a high morbidity and mortality risk. Bypassing agents are effective in bleeding treatment in a high percentage of cases. Prophylaxis with bypassing agents and their use in combination are offering opportunities in management of inhibitor patients. More evidence is necessary to understand how to prevent and manage this complication.
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FAVALORO EJ, BONAR R, KERSHAW G, MOHAMMED S, DUNCAN E, MARSDEN K. Laboratory identification of factor VIII inhibitors in the real world: the experience from Australasia. Haemophilia 2010; 16:662-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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