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Dongre H, Rana N, Fromreide S, Rajthala S, Bøe Engelsen I, Paradis J, Gutkind JS, Vintermyr OK, Johannessen AC, Bjørge L, Costea DE. Establishment of a novel cancer cell line derived from vulvar carcinoma associated with lichen sclerosus exhibiting a fibroblast-dependent tumorigenic potential. Exp Cell Res 2019; 386:111684. [PMID: 31654625 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma associated with lichen sclerosus (VLS-VSCC) are rare tumors but with higher recurrence and worse prognosis than other types of VSCC. Lack of experimental models has limited the search for better understanding of the biology and development of treatment modalities. In this study, we isolated and characterized primary cells from VSCC (n = 7) and normal vulvar tissue adjacent to tumor (n = 7). Detailed characterization of the novel spontaneously immortalized cell line, VCC1 revealed a characteristic epithelial morphology in vitro and a well-differentiated keratinizing SCC histology in vivo, closely resembling the tumor of origin. VCC1 expressed higher levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and higher clonogenic properties as compared to other established non VLS-VSCC cell lines. In vitro 3D organotypic assays and in vivo xenografts revealed a prominent role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in VCC1 invasion and tumor formation. In conclusion, VCC1 mirrored several major VLS-VSCC features and provided a robust experimental tool for further elucidation of VLS-related oncogenesis and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Dongre
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Neha Rana
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Siren Fromreide
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Saroj Rajthala
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Bøe Engelsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Justine Paradis
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olav Karsten Vintermyr
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Christine Johannessen
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Chan MP, Zimarowski MJ. Vulvar dermatoses: a histopathologic review and classification of 183 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 42:510-8. [PMID: 25996085 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvar dermatoses are often difficult to classify due to histopathologic overlap. We aimed to report our experience at a single institution. METHODS A total of 183 non-neoplastic, non-infectious vulvar biopsies were reviewed. Associations between histopathologic features and specific diagnoses were analyzed by Chi-squared tests. RESULTS Twenty-two biopsies (12.0%) showed two concurrent processes. A limited differential rather than a definitive diagnosis was rendered in 15 cases (8.2%). The final diagnoses included lichen sclerosus (LS) (38.8%), lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) (29.0%), eczematous dermatitis (23.0%), Zoon vulvitis (8.2%), non-specific/resolved dermatitis (5.5%), hidradenitis suppurativa (2.7%), Behçet disease (2.2%), lichen planus (1.6%), ruptured cyst (1.6%), ulcer not-otherwise-specified (1.6%), psoriasis (1.1%), radiation dermatitis (1.1%), sebopsoriasis (1.1%), seborrheic dermatitis (1.1%), epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (0.5%) and granular parakeratosis (0.5%). Early LS and Zoon vulvitis were commonly included as part of a differential diagnosis. LS was associated with wiry collagen with lymphocyte entrapment (p = 0.0188). LSC was associated with zones of pale epithelium (p = 0.0084), and often displayed prominent fibroblasts (p = 0.0555). Zoon vulvitis was frequently misdiagnosed, and was associated with basal keratinocytic crowding (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our study has determined the relative frequencies of a wide variety of vulvar dermatoses, and identified new diagnostic clues for early LS, LSC and Zoon vulvitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- May P Chan
- Department of Pathology and Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary Jane Zimarowski
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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