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He M, Liu M, Geng J, Liu L, Huang P, Yue M, Xia X, Zhang AM. Polymorphisms of the MxA and MxB genes are associated with biochemical indices and viral subtypes in Yunnan HCV patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119805. [PMID: 36743306 PMCID: PMC9892934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was the primary reason causing critical hepatic Q7 diseases. Although direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) were widely used in clinics, anti-drug mutation, the outcome of patients with different viral subtypes, and recurrence suggested that HCV pathogenic mechanism should be studied further. HCV infection, replication, and outcome were influenced by the IFNL4 and itsdownstream genes (MxA and MxB). However, whether genetic polymorphisms of these genes played necessary roles required verification in the Yunnan population. Methods and Results After analyzing the genotypes and allele frequencies of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), we found the association between the genotype and allele frequencies of rs11322783 in the IFNL4 gene and HCV infection in Yunnan population. Furthermore, the genetic polymorphisms of the MxA and MxB genescould influence liver function of HCV patients. The indirect bilirubin (IBIL) and albumin (ALB) levels showed significant differences among HCV patients, who carried various genotypes. The IBIL levels were associated with genotypes of rs17000900 (P= 0.025) and rs2071430 (P= 0.037) in the MxA gene, and ALB levels were associated with genotypes of rs2838029 (P= 0.010) in the MxB gene. Similarly, the genotypes of SNPs also showed significant difference in patients infected with subtype 3a (P=0.035) and 2a (P=0.034). However, no association was identified between expression level and SNPs of the MxA and MxB genes. Furthermore, HCV subtype 3b was found to be the predominantly epidemic strain in Yunnan Province. Conclusion In conclusion, the association between biochemical indices/HCV subtypes and SNPs in the MxA and MxB genes was identified in Yunnan HCV population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu He
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiawei Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: A-Mei Zhang, ; Xueshan Xia,
| | - A-Mei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: A-Mei Zhang, ; Xueshan Xia,
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Nutlin-3-induced redistribution of chromatin-bound IFI16 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro is associated with p53 activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:252-8. [PMID: 25544361 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Interferon-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), a DNA sensor for DNA double-strand break (DSB), is expressed in most human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines. In this study we investigated the re-localization of chromatin-bound IFI16 by Nutlin-3, a DNA damage agent, in HCC cells in vitro, and the potential mechanisms. METHODS Human HCC SMMC-7721 (wild-type TP53), Huh-7 (mutant TP53), Hep3B (null TP53) and normal fetal liver L02 cell lines were examined. DSB damage in HCC cells was detected via γH2AX expression and foci formation assay. The expression of IFI16 and IFNB mRNA was measured using RT-PCR, and subcellular localization and expression of the IFI16 protein were detected using chromatin fractionation, Western blot analysis, and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Treatment of SMMC-7721 cells with Nutlin-3 (10 μmol/L) or etoposide (40 μmol/L) induced significant DSB damage. In SMMC-7721 cells, Nutlin-3 significantly increased the expression levels of IFI16 and IFNB mRNA, and partially redistributed chromatin-bound IFI16 protein to the cytoplasm. These effects were blocked by pretreatment with pifithrin-α, a p53 inhibitor. Furthermore, Nutlin-3 did not induce ectopic expression of IFI16 protein in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells. Moreover, the association of IFI16 with chromatin and Nutlin-3-induced changes in localization were not detected in L02 cells. CONCLUSION Nutlin-3 regulates the subcellular localization of IFI16 in HCC cells in vitro in a p53-dependent manner.
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Vasuri F, Malvi D, Gruppioni E, Grigioni WF, D’Errico-Grigioni A. Histopathological evaluation of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2810-2824. [PMID: 24659874 PMCID: PMC3961976 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the morphological features of hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) have been well established in the last decades, the differential diagnosis still represents a challenge for the pathologist, especially early recurrent hepatitis C vs mild acute cellular rejection. The present review focuses on the role of the pathologist and the pathology laboratory in the management of recipients with recurrent hepatitis C, the usefulness of early and late post-OLT liver biopsies, and the potential role of ancillary techniques (immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR). The English literature on the topic is reviewed, focusing on the histopathology, the immunohistochemistry and the use of RT-PCR on HCV-positive post-OLT biopsies. The different histopathological illustrations of early and chronic recurrent hepatitis C are presented, with special focus on the main differential diagnoses and those features with prognostic relevance (cholestasis above all). The usefulness of ancillary techniques are discussed, especially HCV RNA quantitation by RT-PCR. Finally, the usefulness of long-term protocol biopsies is addressed: their usefulness for the study of allograft disease progression is clear, but their meaning in the long term is still debated. The significance of plasma cell infiltrate in HCV-positive allografts, the prognostic weight of graft steatosis, and the impact of donor age in recurrent hepatitis C also represent additional open issues.
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Shi X, Liu J, Liu Q, Li M. IFI16 mis-localization can be a contributing factor to hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:398-400. [PMID: 24491427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly deadly cancer, with usually drug resistance. However the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. Interferon-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), a multifunctional protein, has roles in anti-proliferation, autophagy, cell senescence, anti-inflammation, and DNA sensor to trigger innate immunity. IFI16 physiologically absents in adult healthy hepatocyte, but exists in liver cancer cells. Interestingly, increasing evidences suggest that dysregulation or/and loss of IFI16 function have a critical role in drug resistance and tumor progression. Furthermore, interaction with DNA or other protein depends on IFI16 localization. In our study, to our knowledge, we first showed that IFI16 is a chromatin-binding protein in four HCC cell lines with different TP53 genotype, but not in fetal liver cell line, L02 cells. However, the function of IFI16 subcellular localization has not been determined in HCC. Therefore, we present our study and theoretical basis and presume that chromatin-bounding localization of IFI16 is associated with HCC progression. If we are able to acetylate or/and delete NLS of IFI16 with activated-p53 restoration, we may offer an alternative for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Shi
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, China; Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingli Liu
- Department of Repairing and Servicing Technology of Medical Equipment, Bethune Medical Non-commissioned Officer Academy of PLA, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050081, China
| | - Qiujun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Cell-type specific interferon stimulated gene staining in liver underlies response to interferon therapy in chronic HBV infected patients. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2355-61. [PMID: 22585383 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-α is approved as one of the main therapeutic treatments for chronic hepatitis B virus infection, but only a small number of patients achieve sustained virological response. The molecular mechanisms underlying IFN-α resistance in those patients who do not respond remain elusive. Previous work in our laboratory identified the pre-activation of IFN signaling leading to increased expression of a subset of interferon stimulated genes in the pretreatment liver tissues of chronic HBV infected patients correlated with treatment non-response. AIMS We studied the cell-type specific gene expression of interferon stimulated genes in the liver of chronic HBV infected patients and the cellular basis of the phenotype through ISG15 and MxA protein expression. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression of ISG15 and MxA protein in the pretreatment liver tissues of chronic HBV infected patients and the expression patterns were correlated with treatment outcomes. RESULTS In the non-responders, ISG15 and MxA protein expression in the pretreatment liver tissues was more pronounced in hepatocytes while in the responders, ISG15 and MxA protein expression was more focused in macrophages. ISG15 and MxA proteins were occasionally expressed in hepatocytes in normal livers. CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the cell-type specific protein expression of ISG15 and MxA in the pretreatment liver tissues of chronic HBV infected patients between treatment responders and non-responders. An easy prediction method based on immunohistochemical stains of a subset of interferon stimulated genes may be developed to predict treatment outcomes of IFN therapy in chronic HBV infected patients.
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Burlone ME, Minisini R, Pirisi M. Interferon-stimulated gene pathways in the treatment of viral hepatitis. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis has been treated empirically for more than 30 years with interferon (IFN)-based therapies, although in the early days of the IFN era, very little was known regarding the mechanisms of action through which IFN acts and the strategies that viruses deploy to escape the antiviral state induced by the activation of the IFN system. Over the years, we have learned how key effector molecules in this system are expressed and interact. On the verge of novel, IFN-free regimens for viral hepatitis, we can take advantage of this huge bulk of research data in order to gain better understanding of how resistance to IFN develops in our patients, to use IFN more effectively in conjunction with other drugs and to devise new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela E Burlone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘Amedeo Avogadro’, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘Amedeo Avogadro’, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘Amedeo Avogadro’, Novara, Italy
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Minisini R, Giarda P, Grossi G, Bitetto D, Toniutto P, Falleti E, Avellini C, Occhino G, Fabris C, Pirisi M. Early activation of interferon-stimulated genes in human liver allografts: relationship with acute rejection and histological outcome. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:1307-15. [PMID: 21789480 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immunity mechanisms have been shown to play a paramount role in organ transplantation. Our aim was to investigate the hypothesis that activation of the interferon system may affect clinically relevant outcomes, such as acute rejection and/or early fibrosis progression, after liver transplantation. METHODS We studied 71 consecutive recipients (57 males; 25 with hepatitis C) who underwent two per protocol graft biopsies: the first, within 60 days after the transplant operation (median 24) and the second, after 1 year. The mRNA expression for five interferon-stimulated genes (Mx1, OAS2, PKR, IRF7A, IFI16) was measured on the first biopsy specimens. The main outcome measures were acute rejection during the first post-transplant year and fibrosis progression at the second biopsy. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of gene expression were hepatitis C (Mx1, OAS2, PKR and IFI16), donor age (IFI16) and recipient gender (IRF7A) (P < .05 for all). During the first post-transplant year, 19/71 patients (27%) had acute cellular rejection. At multivariate analysis, acute cellular rejection was independently predicted by high IRF7A mRNA expression. At the end of follow-up, 25 patients had some degree of fibrosis (F2 or higher in seven cases). On multivariate analysis, hepatitis C etiology, recipient age, and OAS2 overexpression were independent predictors of early fibrosis progression. CONCLUSIONS In the early postoperative period of liver transplantation, interferon-stimulated gene activation is dependent on hepatitis C recurrence (the main factor responsible for early fibrosis progression) and donor age, and is related to the risk of acute cellular rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via G. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Gehrau R, Maluf D, Archer K, Stravitz R, Suh J, Le N, Mas V. Molecular pathways differentiate hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence from acute cellular rejection in HCV liver recipients. Mol Med 2011; 17:824-33. [PMID: 21519635 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence (HCVrec) are common complications after liver transplantation (LT) in HCV patients, who share common clinical and histological features, making a differential diagnosis difficult. Fifty-three liver allograft samples from unique HCV LT recipients were studied using microarrays, including a training set (n = 32) and a validation set (n = 19). Two no-HCV-ACR samples from LT recipients were also included. Probe set intensity values were obtained using the robust multiarray average method (RMA) method. Analysis of variance identified statistically differentially expressed genes (P ≤ 0.005). The limma package was used to fit the mixed-effects models using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure. The last absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was fit with HCVrec versus ACR as the dependent variable predicted. N-fold cross-validation was performed to provide an unbiased estimate of generalization error. A total of 179 probe sets were differentially expressed among groups, with 71 exclusive genes between HCVrec and HCV-ACR. No differences were found within ACR group (HCV-ACR vs. no-HCV-ACR). Supervised clustering analysis displayed two clearly independent groups, and no-HCV-ACR clustered within HCV-ACR. HCVrec-related genes were associated with a cytotoxic T-cell profile, and HCV-ACR-related genes were associated with the inflammatory response. The best-fitting LASSO model classifier accuracy, including 15 genes, has an accuracy of 100% in the training set. N-fold cross-validation accuracy was 78.1%, and sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 50.0%, 90.9%, 71.4% and 80.0%, respectively. Arginase type II (ARG2), ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 (ETHE1), transmembrane protein 176A (TMEM176A) and TMEM176B genes were significantly confirmed in the validation set. A molecular signature capable of distinguishing HCVrec and ACR in HCV LT recipients was identified and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gehrau
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Gariglio M, Mondini M, De Andrea M, Landolfo S. The multifaceted interferon-inducible p200 family proteins: from cell biology to human pathology. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:159-72. [PMID: 21198352 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-inducible p200 family proteins consist of a group of homologous human and mouse proteins that have an N-terminal Pyrin domain and 1 or 2 partially conserved 200 amino acid long C-terminal domains (designated the HIN domain or p200 X domain). These proteins display multifaceted activity due to their ability to bind to various target proteins (eg, transcription factors, signaling proteins, and tumor suppressor proteins) and modulate different cell functions. In addition to a role in interferon biology, increasing evidence supports a role for these proteins as regulators of various cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, inflammasome assembly, and control of organ transplants. As a consequence, alterations in their expression and function may be of relevance in the pathogenesis of human diseases, such as systemic autoimmune syndromes, tumors, and degenerative diseases. This review summarizes the literature describing these data, highlights some of the important findings derived from recent studies, and speculates about future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Gariglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, Novara, Italy
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Aytaman A, Kaufman M, Terrault NA. Management of posttransplant hepatitis C infection. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010; 15:301-9. [PMID: 20445452 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e3283398237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of liver transplantation. Outcome of HCV-associated liver transplantation has been worse than transplantation from other causes. This is mostly related to universal recurrence of HCV in the allograft leading to graft and patient loss or retransplantation. Current antiviral therapies (AVTs) are inadequate and ineffective in the vast majority of the patients with intolerable side effects in most. However, a sustained virologic response (SVR) is associated with improved graft and patient survival. New specifically targeted AVTs for HCV (STAT-C) agents in development will significantly improve the success of AVT. This review focuses on recent data in peritransplant management of HCV with special emphasis on predictors of outcome, diagnosis, prevention and control of reinfection with newer treatments on the horizon. RECENT FINDINGS In the immediate pretransplant setting, AVT should be considered in select patients to eradicate the virus. Careful donor selection, immunosuppression (IMS) modulation with steroid and calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) minimization, avoidance of T-cell-depleting treatments and acute rejection episodes, and control of metabolic syndrome can improve allograft outcomes and improve the response to AVT. AVT prior to significant damage to the allograft is strongly recommended. SUMMARY With modified novel IMS protocols, careful donor selection, and AVT prior to significant damage to the allograft we can improve the outcome of posttransplant hepatitis C infection. Albeit there are no available data on new antiviral agents, STAT-Cs will have a significant impact in this setting in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Aytaman
- VA New York Harbor HCS Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York 11209, USA.
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Chen L, Borozan I, Sun J, Guindi M, Fischer S, Feld J, Anand N, Heathcote J, Edwards AM, McGilvray ID. Cell-type specific gene expression signature in liver underlies response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1123-33.e1-3. [PMID: 19900446 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) infection is treated with interferon/ribavirin, but only a subset of patients respond. Treatment nonresponders have marked pretreatment up-regulation of a subset of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in their livers, including ISG15. We here study how the nonresponder gene expression phenotype is influenced by clinical factors and uncover the cellular basis of the phenotype through ISG15 protein expression. METHODS Seventy-eight CHC patients undergoing treatment were classified by clinical (gender, viral genotype, viral load, treatment outcome) and histologic (inflammation, fibrosis) factors and subjected to gene expression profiling on their pretreatment liver biopsies. An analysis of variance model was used to study the influence of individual factors on gene expression. ISG15 immunohistochemistry was performed on a subset of 31 liver biopsy specimens. RESULTS One hundred twenty-three genes were differentially expressed in the 78 CHC livers when compared with 20 normal livers (P < .001; fold change, > or =1.5-fold). Of genes influenced by a single factor, genotype (1 vs 2/3) influenced more genes (17) than any other variable; when treatment outcome was included in the analysis, this became the predominant influence (24 genes), and the effect of genotype was diminished. Treatment response was linked to cell-specific activation patterns: ISG15 protein up-regulation was more pronounced in hepatocytes in treatment nonresponders but in Kuppfer cells in responders. CONCLUSIONS Genotype is a surrogate marker for the nonresponder phenotype. This phenotype manifests as differential gene expression and is driven by activation of different cell types: hepatocytes in treatment nonresponders and macrophages in treatment responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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