1
|
Singh A, Gupta S, Sachan M. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Potential of Candidate Hypermethylated Genes in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in North Indian Population. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:719056. [PMID: 34778370 PMCID: PMC8581490 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.719056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most ovarian cancers, despite improvement in management of cancer, are still diagnosed at an advanced stage. Early detection plays an essential role in reducing ovarian cancer mortality and, therefore, is critically needed. Liquid biopsies-based approaches hold significant promise for cancer detection. The present study investigates a panel of epigenetic biomarkers for the detection of epithelial ovarian cancer. A qPCR assay has been developed based on the assessment of DNA methylation markers in circulating cell-free DNA as a minimally invasive tool. Herein, the promoter methylation of seven ovarian cancer-specific genes (RASSF1A, DAPK1, SOX1, HOXA9, HIC1, SPARC, and SFRP1) was analyzed quantitatively in 120 tissue samples by MethyLight assay. The best-performing genes were further evaluated for their methylation status in 70 matched serum cell-free DNA of cancerous and non-cancerous samples. Additionally, DNA methylation patterns of these best-performing genes were validated by clonal bisulfite sequencing. The ROC (Receiver-operator characteristic) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of both individual and combined gene panels. The seven candidate genes displayed a methylation frequency of 61.0-88.0% in tissue samples. The promoter methylation frequencies for all the seven candidate genes were significantly higher in cancer samples than in normal matched controls. In tissue samples, the multiplex MethyLight assay for HOXA9, HIC1, and SOX1 were the best performing gene panels in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The three best-performing genes exhibited individual frequencies of 53.0-71.0% in serum CFDNA, and the multiplex assay for these genes were identified to discriminate serum from cancer patients and healthy individuals (area under the curve: HOXA9+HIC1 = 0.95, HIC1+SOX1 = 0.93 and HOXA9+SOX1 = 0.85). The results of MethyLight showed high concordance with clonal bisulfite sequencing results. Individual genes and combined panel exhibited better discriminatory efficiencies to identify ovarian cancer at various stages of disease when analyzed in tissue and serum cell-free DNA. We report a qPCR-based non-invasive epigenetic biomarker assay with high sensitivity and specificity for OC screening. Our findings also reveal the potential utility of methylation-based detection of circulating cell-free tumor DNA in the clinical management of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baranova I, Kovarikova H, Laco J, Sedlakova I, Vrbacky F, Kovarik D, Hejna P, Palicka V, Chmelarova M. Identification of a four-gene methylation biomarker panel in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:1332-1340. [PMID: 32145055 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The lack of effective biomarkers for the screening and early detection of ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most pressing problems in oncogynecology. Because epigenetic alterations occur early in the cancer development, they provide great potential to serve as such biomarkers. In our study, we investigated a potential of a four-gene methylation panel (including CDH13, HNF1B, PCDH17 and GATA4 genes) for the early detection of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Methods For methylation detection we used methylation sensitive high-resolution melting analysis and real-time methylation specific analysis. We also investigated the relation between gene hypermethylation and gene relative expression using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Results The sensitivity of the examined panel reached 88.5%. We were able to detect methylation in 85.7% (12/14) of early stage tumors and in 89.4% (42/47) of late stage tumors. The total efficiency of the panel was 94.4% and negative predictive value reached 90.0%. The specificity and positive predictive value achieved 100% rates. Our results showed lower gene expression in the tumor samples in comparison to control samples. The more pronounced downregulation was measured in the group of samples with detected methylation. Conclusions In our study we designed the four-gene panel for HGSOC detection in ovarian tissue with 100% specificity and sensitivity of 88.5%. The next challenge is translation of the findings to the less invasive source for biomarker examination, such as plasma. Our results indicate that combination of examined genes deserve consideration for further testing in clinical molecular diagnosis of HGSOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Baranova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kovarikova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sedlakova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Vrbacky
- The 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kovarik
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hejna
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Chmelarova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalachand RD, Stordal B, Madden S, Chandler B, Cunningham J, Goode EL, Ruscito I, Braicu EI, Sehouli J, Ignatov A, Yu H, Katsaros D, Mills GB, Lu KH, Carey MS, Timms KM, Kupryjanczyk J, Rzepecka IK, Podgorska A, McAlpine JN, Swisher EM, Bernards SS, O'Riain C, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ, Bowtell DD, Thomas DM, Prieske K, Joosse SA, Woelber L, Chaudhry P, Häfner N, Runnebaum IB, Hennessy BT. BRCA1 Promoter Methylation and Clinical Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 112:1190-1203. [PMID: 32413141 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 methylation has been associated with homologous recombination deficiency, a biomarker of platinum sensitivity. Studies evaluating BRCA1-methylated tubal and ovarian cancer (OC) do not consistently support improved survival following platinum chemotherapy. We examine the characteristics of BRCA1-methylated OC in a meta-analysis of individual participant data. METHODS Data of 2636 participants across 15 studies were analyzed. BRCA1-methylated tumors were defined according to their original study. Associations between BRCA1 methylation and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. The effects of methylation on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were examined using mixed-effects models. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS 430 (16.3%) tumors were BRCA1-methylated. BRCA1 methylation was associated with younger age and advanced-stage, high-grade serous OC. There were no survival differences between BRCA1-methylated and non-BRCA1-methylated OC (median PFS = 20.0 vs 18.5 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.16; P = .98; median OS = 46.6 vs 48.0 months, HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.18; P = .96). Where BRCA1/2 mutations were evaluated (n = 1248), BRCA1 methylation displayed no survival advantage over BRCA1/2-intact (BRCA1/2 wild-type non-BRCA1-methylated) OC. Studies used different methods to define BRCA1 methylation. Where BRCA1 methylation was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis (n = 834), it was associated with improved survival (PFS: HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.97; P = .02; OS: HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.00; P = .05) on mixed-effects modeling. CONCLUSION BRCA1-methylated OC displays similar clinicopathological features to BRCA1-mutated OC but is not associated with survival. Heterogeneity within BRCA1 methylation assays influences associations. Refining these assays may better identify cases with silenced BRCA1 function and improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshni D Kalachand
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Britta Stordal
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Stephen Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Chandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Cunningham
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ilary Ruscito
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Cell Therapy Unit and Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena I Braicu
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Centre, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- AOU Citta della Salute and Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecologic Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark S Carey
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Podgorska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Ciaran O'Riain
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Emer Casey Research Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Emer Casey Research Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - David M Thomas
- Genomic Cancer Medicine, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Katharina Prieske
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linn Woelber
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Parvesh Chaudhry
- Department of Radiotherapy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department for Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department for Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jacot W, Lopez-Crapez E, Mollevi C, Boissière-Michot F, Simony-Lafontaine J, Ho-Pun-Cheung A, Chartron E, Theillet C, Lemoine A, Saffroy R, Lamy PJ, Guiu S. BRCA1 Promoter Hypermethylation is Associated with Good Prognosis and Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040828. [PMID: 32235500 PMCID: PMC7225997 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant hypermethylation of BRCA1 promoter CpG islands induces the decreased expression of BRCA1 (Breast Cancer 1) protein. It can be detected in sporadic breast cancer without BRCA1 pathogenic variants, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We investigated BRCA1 hypermethylation status (by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and MassARRAY® assays), and BRCA1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their clinicopathological significance in 248 chemotherapy-naïve TNBC samples. Fifty-five tumors (22%) exhibited BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation, with a high concordance rate between MS-PCR and MassARRAY® results. Promoter hypermethylation was associated with reduced IHC BRCA1 protein expression (p = 0.005), and expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) by tumor and immune cells (p = 0.03 and 0.011, respectively). A trend was found between promoter hypermethylation and basal marker staining (p = 0.058), and between BRCA1 expression and a basal-like phenotype. In multivariate analysis, relapse-free survival was significantly associated with N stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, and histological subtype. Overall survival was significantly associated with T and N stage, histology, and adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, patients with tumors harboring BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation derived the most benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation is associated with TNBC sensitivity to adjuvant chemotherapy, basal-like features and PD-L1 expression. BRCA1 IHC expression is not a good surrogate marker for promoter hypermethylation and is not independently associated with prognosis. Association between promoter hypermethylation and sensitivity to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitors needs to be evaluated in a specific series of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-67-61-31-00; Fax: +33-4-67-63-28-73
| | - Evelyne Lopez-Crapez
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Caroline Mollevi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
- Biometrics Unit, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Joelle Simony-Lafontaine
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Alexandre Ho-Pun-Cheung
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Elodie Chartron
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Charles Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Antoinette Lemoine
- Department of Oncogenetics, APHP, GH Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Raphael Saffroy
- Department of Oncogenetics, APHP, GH Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Institut d’Analyse Génomique, Imagenome-Inovie, Clinique BeauSoleil, 34070 Montpellier, France;
- Biological Resources Center, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh A, Gupta S, Sachan M. Epigenetic Biomarkers in the Management of Ovarian Cancer: Current Prospectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:182. [PMID: 31608277 PMCID: PMC6761254 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) causes significant morbidity and mortality as neither detection nor screening of OC is currently feasible at an early stage. Difficulty to promptly diagnose OC in its early stage remains challenging due to non-specific symptoms in the early-stage of the disease, their presentation at an advanced stage and poor survival. Therefore, improved detection methods are urgently needed. In this article, we summarize the potential clinical utility of epigenetic signatures like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA dysregulation, which play important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and discuss its application in development of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Molecular characterization of epigenetic modification (methylation) in circulating cell free tumor DNA in body fluids offers novel, non-invasive approach for identification of potential promising cancer biomarkers, which can be performed at multiple time points and probably better reflects the prevailing molecular profile of cancer. Current status of epigenetic research in diagnosis of early OC and its management are discussed here with main focus on potential diagnostic biomarkers in tissue and body fluids. Rapid and point of care diagnostic applications of DNA methylation in liquid biopsy has been precluded as a result of cumbersome sample preparation with complicated conventional methods of isolation. New technologies which allow rapid identification of methylation signatures directly from blood will facilitate sample-to answer solutions thereby enabling next-generation point of care molecular diagnostics. To date, not a single epigenetic biomarker which could accurately detect ovarian cancer at an early stage in either tissue or body fluid has been reported. Taken together, the methodological drawbacks, heterogeneity associated with ovarian cancer and non-validation of the clinical utility of reported potential biomarkers in larger ovarian cancer populations has impeded the transition of epigenetic biomarkers from lab to clinical settings. Until addressed, clinical implementation as a diagnostic measure is a far way to go.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between BRCA1 gene methylation, PD-L1 protein expression, and the clinicopathologic features of sporadic ovarian cancer (OC). Methods Bisulfite pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry were used to detect BRCA1 gene methylation and PD-L1 protein expression, respectively, in tumor tissues from 112 patients with sporadic OC. Their levels were analyzed against clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis using standard statistical methods. Results Twenty percent (22/112) of the OC cases exhibited BRCA1 gene hypermethylation. The frequency of BRCA1 hypermethylation was significantly higher in serous OC (25%) than in nonserous OC (8%; P < 0.05). No significant correlations were discovered between BRCA1 hypermethylation and age, menstrual status, tumor location, stage, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis (P > 0.05). Among the 112 OC cases, 59% (66/112) cases were positive for PD-L1 protein expression. No significant difference existed between PD-L1 expression and age, menstrual status, histological type, tumor location, stage, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis (P > 0.05). Moreover, no correlation existed between BRCA1 methylation and PD-L1 expression (P > 0.05, r = 0.002). Conclusions This is the first study linking BRCA1 hypermethylation variability to PD-L1 protein expression and the clinicopathologic features of OC. The data demonstrated that an epigenetic alteration of BRCA1 was closely associated with serous OC. The expression of PD-L1 was unrelated to the clinicopathologic features or BRCA1 hypermethylation in sporadic OC.
Collapse
|
7
|
Effect of hypermethylation in ovarian cancer: Computational approach. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
8
|
Importance of Cadherins Methylation in Ovarian Cancer: a Next Generation Sequencing Approach. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1457-1465. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
9
|
Conemans EB, Lodewijk L, Moelans CB, Offerhaus GJA, Pieterman CRC, Morsink FH, Dekkers OM, de Herder WW, Hermus AR, van der Horst-Schrivers AN, Drent ML, Bisschop PH, Havekes B, Brosens LAA, Dreijerink KMA, Borel Rinkes IHM, Timmers HTM, Valk GD, Vriens MR. DNA methylation profiling in MEN1-related pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors reveals a potential epigenetic target for treatment. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:153-160. [PMID: 29903750 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic changes contribute to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) development. Hypermethylation of promoter DNA as a cause of tumor suppressor gene silencing is a well-established oncogenic mechanism that is potentially reversible and therefore an interesting therapeutic target. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is the most frequent cause of inherited PanNETs. The aim of this study was to determine promoter methylation profiles in MEN1-related PanNETs. DESIGN AND METHODS Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used to assess promoter methylation of 56 tumor suppressor genes in MEN1-related (n = 61) and sporadic (n = 34) PanNETs. Differences in cumulative methylation index (CMI), individual methylation percentages and frequency of promoter hypermethylation between subgroups were analyzed. RESULTS We found promoter methylation of a large number of potential tumor suppressor genes. CMI (median CMI: 912 vs 876, P = 0.207) was the same in MEN1-related and sporadic PanNETs. We found higher methylation percentages of CASP8 in MEN1-related PanNETs (median: 59% vs 16.5%, P = 0.002). In MEN1-related non-functioning PanNETs, the CMI was higher in larger PanNETs (>2 cm) (median: 969.5 vs 838.5; P = 0.021) and in PanNETs with liver metastases (median: 1036 vs 869; P = 0.013). Hypermethylation of MGMT2 was more frequent in non-functioning PanNETs compared to insulinomas (median: 44.7% vs 8.3%; P = 0.022). Hypermethylation of the Von Hippel-Lindau gene promoter was observed in one MEN1-related PanNET and was associated with loss of protein expression. CONCLUSION Promoter hypermethylation is a frequent event in MEN1-related and sporadic PanNETs. Targeting DNA methylation could be of therapeutic value in MEN1 patients with advanced PanNETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Conemans
- Departments of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Departments of Section Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Lodewijk
- Departments of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G J A Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C R C Pieterman
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F H Morsink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - O M Dekkers
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W W de Herder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A R Hermus
- Department of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M L Drent
- Departments of Section Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Havekes
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L A A Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K M A Dreijerink
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Departments of Section Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I H M Borel Rinkes
- Departments of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H Th M Timmers
- Regenerative Medicine Center and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G D Valk
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M R Vriens
- Departments of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vos S, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. A systematic review on the frequency of BRCA promoter methylation in breast and ovarian carcinomas of BRCA germline mutation carriers: Mutually exclusive, or not? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 127:29-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
11
|
Lee HK, Lee EW, Seo J, Jeong M, Lee SH, Kim SY, Jho EH, Choi CH, Chung JY, Song J. Ubiquitylation and degradation of adenomatous polyposis coli by MKRN1 enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncogene 2018; 37:4273-4286. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Kuo LT, Lu HY, Lee CC, Tsai JC, Lai HS, Tseng HM, Kuo MF, Tu YK. Multiplexed methylation profiles of tumor suppressor genes and clinical outcome in oligodendroglial tumors. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1830-9. [PMID: 27367901 PMCID: PMC4971911 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation has been associated with transcriptional inactivation of tumor‐related genes in a wide spectrum of human neoplasms. The influence of DNA methylation in oligodendroglial tumors is not fully understood. Genomic DNA was isolated from 61 oligodendroglial tumors for analysis of methylation using methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assay (MS‐MLPA). We correlated methylation status with clinicopathological findings and outcome. The genes found to be most frequently methylated in oligodendroglial tumors were RASSF1A (80.3%), CASP8 (70.5%), and CDKN2A (52.5%). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated longer duration of progression‐free survival in patients with 19q loss, aged less than 38 years, and with a proliferative index of less than 5%. Methylation of the ESR1 promoter is significantly associated with shorter duration of overall survival and progression‐free survival, and that methylation of IGSF4 and RASSF1A is significantly associated with shorter duration of progression‐free survival. However, none of the methylation status of ESR1, IGSF4, and RASSF1A was of prognostic value for survival in a multivariate Cox model. A number of novel and interesting epigenetic alterations were identified in this study. The findings highlight the importance of methylation profiles in oligodendroglial tumors and their possible involvement in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yi Lu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin county, 640, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin branch, Yun-Lin county, 640, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chang Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiee Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ham-Min Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fai Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Kwang Tu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bai H, Cao D, Yang J, Li M, Zhang Z, Shen K. Genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of epithelial ovarian cancer and the clinical implications for molecular targeted therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:581-93. [PMID: 26800494 PMCID: PMC5125785 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy, and tumoural heterogeneity (TH) has been blamed for treatment failure. The genomic and epigenomic atlas of EOC varies significantly with tumour histotype, grade, stage, sensitivity to chemotherapy and prognosis. Rapidly accumulating knowledge about the genetic and epigenetic events that control TH in EOC has facilitated the development of molecular-targeted therapy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, designed to target homologous recombination, are poised to change how breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)-related ovarian cancer is treated. Epigenetic treatment regimens being tested in clinical or preclinical studies could provide promising novel treatment approaches and hope for improving patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shakeri H, Gharesouran J, Fakhrjou A, Esfahani A, Mohaddes Ardebili SM. DNA methylation assessment as a prognostic factor in invasive breast cancer using methylation-specific multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:11-20. [PMID: 27065772 PMCID: PMC4822054 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation of promoter regions is a common molecular mechanism for inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that participates in carcinogenesis. Determining the methylation status of genes in cancer and their association with clinical features play an essential role in early diagnosis, prognosis and determine appropriate treatment for patients. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the methylation of tumor suppressor genes in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Furthermore, we evaluated the association between clinical parameters and DNA methylation as a biomarker in diagnostic IDC patients. The methylation-specific multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) assay was used to analyze the methylation profile of 24 genes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 75 patients with IDC. Each of the patients showed a distinctive methylation profile. We observed higher methylation in the RASSF1 (48 %), CDH13 (44 %) and GSTP1 (36 %) genes. Some of the methylated genes were associated with clinical features. Methylation of GSTP1 (P=0.028) and RASSF1 (P=0.012) were related with lymph node metastasis. Methylation of GSTP1 (P=0.005) was associated with high histological grade. Moreover, concurrent methylation of GSTP1 and CDH13 was observed in IDC patients (p<0.001). Hierarchical cluster analysis based on the methylation profile revealed two main clusters of patients, the highly methylated cluster being significantly associated with high histological grade and lymph node metastasis. The results of this study indicate that the methylation status of RASSF1 and CDH13 and GSTP1 can be a prognostic marker to better management of IDC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halaleh Shakeri
- Hematology & Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ashraf Fakhrjou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Esfahani
- Hematology & Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mohaddes Ardebili
- Hematology & Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ho CM, Shih DTB, Hsiao CC, Huang SH, Chang SF, Cheng WF. Gene methylation of human ovarian carcinoma stromal progenitor cells promotes tumorigenesis. J Transl Med 2015; 13:367. [PMID: 26597084 PMCID: PMC4655458 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate whether the DNA methylation of human
ovarian carcinoma stromal progenitor cells (OCSPCs) could promote the tumorigenesis of ovarian carcinoma. Methods OCSPCs were first isolated from fresh tumor tissues and ascites of ovarian cancer patients. In vivo and in vitro experiments on the effect of the OCSPCs on tumorigenesis and the effects of DNA demethylation on the OCSPCs were then performed. Results The OCSPCs possessed self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacity with elevated expressions of OCT4, NANOG, BMP2, BMP4, Rex-1, AC133 and TGF-β. The OCSPCs, when combined with tumor cells in vivo could promote tumor growth. The methylation profiles of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) were significantly higher in the OCSPCs than in ovarian cancer cells (p < 0.001). 5-aza-2-dC could alter the methylation levels of TSGs in OCSPCs and also inhibit the tumor promoting capabilities of the OCSPCs by decreasing the proliferation of tumors cells. The expression levels of TSGs were re-expressed by 5-aza-2-dC to inhibit the self-renewal and growth of OCSPCs. Conclusions OCSPCs with decreased TSG expressions in the ovarian tumor microenvironment were able to promote tumorigenesis which could be reversed by DNA demethylation. DNA demethylation reversing the expression of TSGs in OCSPCs may represent a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0722-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Cancer Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Daniel Tzu-Bi Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chiang Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hung Huang
- Department of Pathology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shwu-Fen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, #7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Toffoli S, Bar I, Abdel-Sater F, Delrée P, Hilbert P, Cavallin F, Moreau F, Van Criekinge W, Lacroix-Triki M, Campone M, Martin AL, Roché H, Machiels JP, Carrasco J, Canon JL. Identification by array comparative genomic hybridization of a new amplicon on chromosome 17q highly recurrent in BRCA1 mutated triple negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:466. [PMID: 25416589 PMCID: PMC4303204 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) represent about 12% to 20% of all breast cancers (BC) and have a worse outcome compared to other BC subtypes. TNBC often show a deficiency in DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms. This is generally related to the inactivation of a repair enzymatic complex involving BRCA1 caused either by genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications or by post-transcriptional regulations. The identification of new molecular biomarkers that would allow the rapid identification of BC presenting a BRCA1 deficiency could be useful to select patients who could benefit from PARP inhibitors, alkylating agents or platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS Genomic DNA from 131 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors (luminal A and B, HER2+ and triple negative BC) with known BRCA1 mutation status or unscreened for BRCA1 mutation were analysed by array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array CGH). One highly significant and recurrent gain in the 17q25.3 genomic region was analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Expression of the genes of the 17q25.3 amplicon was studied using customized Taqman low density arrays and single Taqman assays (Applied Biosystems). RESULTS We identified by array CGH and confirmed by FISH a gain in the 17q25.3 genomic region in 90% of the BRCA1 mutated tumors. This chromosomal gain was present in only 28.6% of the BRCA1 non-mutated TNBC, 26.7% of the unscreened TNBC, 13.6% of the luminal B, 19.0% of the HER2+ and 0% of the luminal A breast cancers. The 17q25.3 gain was also detected in 50% of the TNBC with BRCA1 promoter methylation. Interestingly, BRCA1 promoter methylation was never detected in BRCA1 mutated BC. Gene expression analyses of the 17q25.3 sub-region showed a significant over-expression of 17 genes in BRCA1 mutated TNBC (n = 15) as compared to the BRCA1 non mutated TNBC (n = 13). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we have identified by array CGH and confirmed by FISH a recurrent gain in 17q25.3 significantly associated to BRCA1 mutated TNBC. Up-regulated genes in the 17q25.3 amplicon might represent potential therapeutic targets and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Comparative Genomic Hybridization
- Female
- Genes, BRCA1
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Toffoli
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Pathology and Genetics/ Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Avenue Georges Lemaître 25, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Bar
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Pathology and Genetics/ Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Avenue Georges Lemaître 25, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium.
| | - Fadi Abdel-Sater
- Tumor Bank, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Avenue Georges Lemaître 25, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium.
| | - Paul Delrée
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Avenue Georges Lemaître 25, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium.
| | - Pascale Hilbert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Avenue Georges Lemaître 25, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric Cavallin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Avenue Georges Lemaître 25, Gosselies, 6041, Belgium.
| | - Fabrice Moreau
- MdxHealth Inc 15279 Alton Parkway, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
| | - Wim Van Criekinge
- MdxHealth Inc 15279 Alton Parkway, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
| | - Magali Lacroix-Triki
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20-24, Rue Pont St Pierre, Toulouse, 31052, France.
| | - Mario Campone
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest-René Gauducheau, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, Nantes, 44805, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Martin
- R&D UNICANCER, UNICANCER, Rue de Tolbiac 101, Paris, Cedex 13 75654, France.
| | - Henri Roché
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20-24, Rue Pont St Pierre, Toulouse, 31300, France.
| | - Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Department of Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
| | - Javier Carrasco
- Service of Oncology-Hematology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Grand'Rue, 3, Charleroi, 6000, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Luc Canon
- Service of Oncology-Hematology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Grand'Rue, 3, Charleroi, 6000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koukoura O, Spandidos DA, Daponte A, Sifakis S. DNA methylation profiles in ovarian cancer: implication in diagnosis and therapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3-9. [PMID: 24821107 PMCID: PMC4068729 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations alone cannot account for the complexity of ovarian cancer. The potential reversibility of epigenetic mechanisms makes them attractive candidates for the prevention and/or treatment of ovarian carcinoma. Detection of the epigenetic signature of each cancer cell may be useful in the identification of candidate biomarkers for disease detection, classification and monitoring and may also facilitate personalized cancer treatment. In ovarian cancer, in addition to other non-gynaecological cancers, two opposite epigenetic phenomena occur. The first involves an overall global decrease in DNA methylation of heterochromatin leading to demethylation of several oncogenes, while the second involves specific CpG island hypermethylation associated with the promoters of tumor suppressor genes. Early studies focused on the methylation patterns of single genes associated with tumorigenesis. However, newer genome-wide methods have identified a group of genes whose regulation is altered by DNA methylation during ovarian cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Koukoura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cunningham JM, Cicek MS, Larson NB, Davila J, Wang C, Larson MC, Song H, Dicks EM, Harrington P, Wick M, Winterhoff BJ, Hamidi H, Konecny GE, Chien J, Bibikova M, Fan JB, Kalli KR, Lindor NM, Fridley BL, Pharoah PPD, Goode EL. Clinical characteristics of ovarian cancer classified by BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51C status. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4026. [PMID: 24504028 PMCID: PMC4168524 DOI: 10.1038/srep04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated homologous recombination deficient (HRD) phenotypes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) considering BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51C in a large well-annotated patient set. We evaluated EOC patients for germline deleterious mutations (n = 899), somatic mutations (n = 279) and epigenetic alterations (n = 482) in these genes using NGS and genome-wide methylation arrays. Deleterious germline mutations were identified in 32 (3.6%) patients for BRCA1, in 28 (3.1%) for BRCA2 and in 26 (2.9%) for RAD51C. Ten somatically sequenced patients had deleterious alterations, six (2.1%) in BRCA1 and four (1.4%) in BRCA2. Fifty two patients (10.8%) had methylated BRCA1 or RAD51C. HRD patients with germline or somatic alterations in any gene were more likely to be high grade serous, have an earlier diagnosis age and have ovarian and/or breast cancer family history. The HRD phenotype was most common in high grade serous EOC. Identification of EOC patients with an HRD phenotype may help tailor specific therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M. S. Cicek
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - N. B. Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J. Davila
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - C. Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M. C. Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - H. Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E. M. Dicks
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P. Harrington
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - B. J. Winterhoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - H. Hamidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - G. E. Konecny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J. Chien
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - J.-B. Fan
- Illumina Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - K. R. Kalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - N. M. Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - B. L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - P. P. D. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E. L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hou X, Peng JX, Hao XY, Cai JP, Liang LJ, Zhai JM, Zhang KS, Lai JM, Yin XY. DNA methylation profiling identifies EYA4 gene as a prognostic molecular marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:3891-9. [PMID: 24306662 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA hypermethylation plays important roles in carcinogenesis by silencing key genes. This study aims to identify pivotal genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by DNA methylation microarray and to assess their prognostic values. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA methylation microarray was performed in 45 pairs of HCC and adjacent nontumorous tissues and six normal liver tissues to identify hypermethylated genes in HCC. Potential prognosis-related genes were selected among hypermethylated genes by analyzing influences of methylation levels on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in 45 patients. Their prognostic values were validated in 154 patients with HCC (including the initial 45 patients) to determine the independent prognostic gene. RESULTS Altogether, 54 CpG islands in 44 genes were hypermethylated in HCC compared with liver tissues. Among them, methylation levels of ERG and HOXA11 were inversely associated with DFS (both P < 0.050), and methylation levels of EYA4 were inversely related to DFS and OS (both P < 0.050). EYA4 expression was inversely related to tumor size (P < 0.050). Lower EYA4 expression and larger tumor size were independent predictors of both shorter DFS and OS, and higher Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging was an independent predictor of shorter OS (all P < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS EYA4 functions as a prognostic molecular marker in HCC. Its aberrant hypermethylation and subsequent down-regulation may promote tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Hou
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cicek MS, Koestler DC, Fridley BL, Kalli KR, Armasu SM, Larson MC, Wang C, Winham SJ, Vierkant RA, Rider DN, Block MS, Klotzle B, Konecny G, Winterhoff BJ, Hamidi H, Shridhar V, Fan JB, Visscher DW, Olson JE, Hartmann LC, Bibikova M, Chien J, Cunningham JM, Goode EL. Epigenome-wide ovarian cancer analysis identifies a methylation profile differentiating clear-cell histology with epigenetic silencing of the HERG K+ channel. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3038-47. [PMID: 23571109 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death in women with gynecologic malignancies, despite surgical advances and the development of more effective chemotherapeutics. As increasing evidence indicates that clear-cell ovarian cancer may have unique pathogenesis, further understanding of molecular features may enable us to begin to understand the underlying biology and histology-specific information for improved outcomes. To study epigenetics in clear-cell ovarian cancer, fresh frozen tumor DNA (n = 485) was assayed on Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. We identified a clear-cell ovarian cancer tumor methylation profile (n = 163) which we validated in two independent replication sets (set 1, n = 163; set 2, n = 159), highlighting 22 CpG loci associated with nine genes (VWA1, FOXP1, FGFRL1, LINC00340, KCNH2, ANK1, ATXN2, NDRG21 and SLC16A11). Nearly all of the differentially methylated CpGs showed a propensity toward hypermethylation among clear-cell cases. Several loci methylation inversely correlated with tumor gene expression, most notably KCNH2 (HERG, a potassium channel) (P = 9.5 × 10(-7)), indicating epigenetic silencing. In addition, a predicted methylation class mainly represented by the clear-cell cases (20 clear cell out of 23 cases) had improved survival time. Although these analyses included only 30 clear-cell carcinomas, results suggest that loss of expression of KCNH2 (HERG) by methylation could be a good prognostic marker, given that overexpression of the potassium (K(+)) channel Eag family members promotes increased proliferation and results in poor prognosis. Validation in a bigger cohort of clear-cell tumors of the ovary is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mine S Cicek
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Verschuur-Maes AHJ, de Bruin PC, van Diest PJ. Epigenetic progression of columnar cell lesions of the breast to invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:705-15. [PMID: 23104224 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Promoter hypermethylation of several tumour suppressor genes often occurs during breast carcinogenesis, but little is known about epigenetic silencing in the possible precursor columnar cell lesion (CCL). Promoter hypermethylation of 50 different tumour suppressor genes was assessed in normal breast tissue (N = 10), CCL (N = 15), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) grade I originating in CCL (N = 5) and paired CCL (N = 15) with DCIS (N = 7) and/or invasive carcinoma (N = 14) by Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Increasing mean cumulative methylation levels were found from normal breast tissue to CCL to DCIS and invasive carcinoma (P < 0.001) with similar methylation levels in DCIS and invasive carcinoma. Methylation levels and frequencies (in the overall analysis and analysis of only the synchronous lesions) were the highest for RASSF1, CCND2, ID4, SCGB3A1 and CDH13. The methylation levels of ID4, CCND2, and CDH13 increased significantly from normal breast tissue to CCL and to DCIS/invasive carcinoma. RASSF1, SCGB3A1 and SFRP5 had significant higher methylation levels in CCL compared to normal breast tissue, but showed no significant differences between CCL, DCIS and invasive carcinoma. Also, no difference was found between CCLs with and without atypia, or CCLs with or without synchronous cancer. In conclusion, promoter hypermethylation for several established tumour suppressor genes is already present in CCLs, underlining that promoter hypermethylation is an early event in breast carcinogenesis. Atypia in CCL or the presence of synchronous more advanced lesions does not seem to be accompanied by higher methylation levels.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Cadherins/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Cyclin D2/genetics
- Cytokines/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/surgery
- Middle Aged
- Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/surgery
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Reference Values
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoek H J Verschuur-Maes
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luo W, Fang W, Li S, Yao K. Aberrant expression of nuclear vimentin and related epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1863-73. [PMID: 22307379 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression of vimentin and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin, β-catenin is essential for the progression of various human cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the aberrant localization E-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin, and their prognostic significance in 122 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that both membranous and cytoplasmic localization of E-cadherin staining were associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000 and 0.005, respectively) and clinical stage (p = 0.000 and 0.007, respectively). High cytoplasmic β-catenin correlated significantly with larger tumor size (p = 0.020), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.036). However, no significant difference was observed between membranous β-catenin and clinicopathologic features (p ≥ 0.05). High nuclear vimentin expression correlated significantly with positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that nuclear vimentin and cytoplasmic E-cadherin were independent prognostic factors (p = 0.016 and 0.001, respectively), as well as M classification (p = 0.001). More importantly, patients with high coexpression of nuclear vimentin and cytoplasmic E-cadherin had shorter survival time (p = 0.000). Furthermore, high coexpression of these two proteins was closely associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.000). Our studies provide convincing evidence that EMT may play an important role in the biological progression of NPC, and nuclear vimentin and cytoplasmic E-cadherin might have independent prognostic value in NPC patients and serve as novel targets for prognostic therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ho CM, Huang CJ, Huang CY, Wu YY, Chang SF, Cheng WF. Promoter methylation status of HIN-1 associated with outcomes of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:53. [PMID: 22871047 PMCID: PMC3520826 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is to analyze promoter methylation of various tumor suppressor genes in different types of ovarian carcinoma and to identify potential therapeutic targets of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (OCCA). Materials and methods The promoter methylation statuses of 40 genes in primary ovarian carcinomas including 47 clear- and 63 non-clear-cell type tissues, 6 OCCA cell lines, 29 benign ovarian endometriotic cysts, and 31 normal controls were analyzed by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). The MS-MLPA results were correlated with clinicopathological features and outcomes of 47 OCCA patients. Functions of the target genes were further explored by Western Blot Analysis, apoptosis assay, and caspase-3/7 activity analysis. Results Frequencies of methylated RASSF1A, CDH13, CACNA1A, HIN-1, and sFRP5 genes in OCCA tissues were significantly higher than those in non-OCCA cancerous tissues and benign endometriotic cysts. The expected OS for patients with methylated promoters of HIN-1 was significantly worse than those for patients without methylated HIN-1 (30% vs. 62%, p = 0.002). The HIN-1 gene was over-expressed in ES2 cells, a significant reduction in cell growth and induction of apoptosis, and increasing paclitaxel sensitivity by reducing phosphorylation of Akt were observed. Conclusions Methylation of HIN-1 promoter is a novel epigenetic biomarker associated with poor outcomes in OCCA patients. Ectopic expression of the HIN-1 gene increased paclitaxel sensitivity which is partly through Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Ho
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bijron JG, Bol GM, Verheijen RH, van Diest PJ. Epigenetic biomarkers in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:421-38. [PMID: 23480807 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2012.702105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current diagnostic methods for ovarian cancer have limited performance. Recent advances within the field of epigenetics have shifted the clinical implementation of epigenetic biomarkers as a diagnostic approach from a dream for the future to a present-day consideration. Patients could potentially benefit greatly from this novel diagnostic approach. AREAS COVERED Epigenetic mechanisms in cancer are discussed, with a focus on potential diagnostic epigenetic biomarkers in ovarian cancer in tissue and body fluids. A literature search was undertaken (on 22-09-2011) for these subjects using the search syntax ((((((((((((((("ovarian") OR "ovary") OR "ovarian cancer") OR "ovarian cancers") OR "cancer of the ovary") OR "tumour of the ovary") OR "ovarian tumor") OR "ovarian tumors") OR "ovarian tumour") OR "ovarian tumours") OR "ovarian neoplasm") OR "ovarian neoplasms" OR "ovarian carcinoma") OR "ovarian carcinomas") OR "carcinoma of the ovary")) AND ((((((((("epigenetics") OR "epigenetic") OR "epigenome") OR "methylation") OR "hypermethylation") OR "chromatin modification") OR "histone") OR "histones") OR "acetylation") EXPERT OPINION To date no single epigenetic biomarker is able to accurately detect early ovarian cancer in either tissue or body fluids. A panel of epigenetic biomarkers based on aberrant DNA methylation in body fluids, especially blood, has the best chance of being implemented in clinical practice, as it is semi-invasive. However, progression toward clinical use is hampered by the lack of detection techniques combining high throughput and accuracy with low cost, by difficulties in establishing reliable reference values and by the heterogeneous nature of ovarian cancer. Until addressed, implementation as a diagnostic measure complimenting current techniques in select cases seems a far way to go, and implementation as a primary screening tool is yet even farther away.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Bijron
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology , 3508 GA Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Foulkes WD. Epigenetic modification and cancer: mark or stamp? Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:C23-7. [PMID: 22291435 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypotheses are built upon data, but data require hypotheses before they can be understood. The development of the 'two-hit' hypothesis of carcinogenesis was a key event in cancer genetics because it provided a testable model of how tumours develop. In this commentary on 'Promoter hypermethylation patterns in Fallopian tube epithelium of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation carriers' by Bijron et al. published in the February 2012 issue of Endocrine-Related Cancer, the need for new grammar and some new hypotheses in epigenetics is discussed. Meanwhile, data suggesting an important role of epigenetic modification in the cause, progression and treatment of cancer continues to accumulate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D Foulkes
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bijron JG, van der Groep P, van Dorst EB, Seeber LMS, Sie-Go DMDS, Verheijen RHM, van Diest PJ. Promoter hypermethylation patterns in fallopian tube epithelium of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ line mutation carriers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:69-81. [PMID: 22143498 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1/2 germ line mutation carriers have a high risk of developing fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC), thought to occur through different early (p53 signatures) and later (dysplasia, intra-epithelial carcinoma) premalignant stages. Promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes is known to play a key role in (early) carcinogenesis. However, little is known about methylation in normal and (pre)malignant fallopian tube tissue. We identified 14 areas of p53 accumulation in the fallopian tubes of BRCA mutation carriers. Cells from these areas were harvested together with cells from adjacent benign appearing areas. An age-matched non-BRCA sporadic control group (n=13) and eight sporadic FTCs were included as negative and positive controls respectively. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used to assess promoter methylation of 70 tumour suppressor genes in all samples. We observed a gradual increase in methylation from sporadic control tissue (median cumulative methylation index (CMI) 568.19) through normal tissue and from areas of p53 accumulation in BRCA carriers (median CMI 687.54 and 676.72) to FTC (median CMI 780.97). Furthermore, the methylation percentage of many individual tumour suppressor genes differed significantly between these groups, gradually increasing as for CMI. Between areas with and without p53 accumulation in BRCA mutation carriers no significant differences were found. In this paper, we have shown that BRCA mutation carriers display increased methylation of tumour suppressor genes in their non-malignant fallopian tube epithelium, closer to methylation levels in FTC than to normal sporadic tissue. Methylation could, therefore, play an important role in the increased risk of gynaecological malignancies in BRCA mutation carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Bijron
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Due to few early symptoms and a lack of early detection strategies, most patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease. Most of these patients, although initially responsive, eventually develop drug resistance. In this chapter, epigenetic changes in ovarian cancer are described. Various epigenetic changes including CpG island methylation and histone modification have been identified in ovarian cancer. These aberrations are associated with distinct disease subtypes and present in circulating serum of ovarian cancer patients. Several epigenetic changes have shown promise for their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive capacity but still need further validation.In contrast to DNA mutations and deletions, epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible by epigenetic therapies. Promising preclinical studies show epigenetic drugs to enhance gene re-expression and drug sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines and animal models.
Collapse
|
29
|
Folate and choline metabolism gene variants in relation to ovarian cancer risk in the Polish population. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5553-60. [PMID: 22183302 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Data indicates that genetic factors alone do not account for ovarian tumorigenesis, suggesting that epigenetic status additionally affects this process. Therefore, we assessed the possible contribution of polymorphic variants of genes that may affect DNA methylation to the risk of ovarian cancer incidence in the Polish population. Using PCR-RFLP and HRM analyses, we studied the distribution of BHMT (rs3733890), MTHFD1 (rs2236225), MTHFR (rs1801133), MTR (rs1805087), MTRR (rs1801394) and TCN2 (rs1801198) genotypes and alleles in patients with ovarian cancer (n = 136) and controls (n = 160). Moreover, using DNA and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) we also determined the methylation of the Cadherin 13 (CDH13) promoter in cancerous tissue from these patients. We did not observe a significant association between all studied gene variants and the incidence of ovarian cancer. The lowest P (trend) = 0.1226 was observed for the MTHFR Ala222Val polymorphism. Moreover, the lowest P = 0.0772 was found in the comparison of MTHFR Ala/Ala versus Val/Val and Val/Ala genotypes in patients and control groups. The multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis also did not indicate a significant interactive genetic effect on ovarian cancer incidence for all analyzed SNPs. However, we observed frequent methylation of the CDH13 promoter in approximately 21% (29/136) patients with ovarian carcinomas. Our results might suggest that the selected polymorphic gene variants may not contribute to ovarian cancer incidence.
Collapse
|
30
|
Response to the Letter to the Editor by Bol and van Diest regarding the review article “BRCA1 methylation and BRCA1 mutations in ovarian cancer”. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Bol GM, van Diest PJ. BRCA1 methylation and BRCA1 mutations in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122:459; author reply 459-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Moelans CB, Verschuur-Maes AHJ, van Diest PJ. Frequent promoter hypermethylation of BRCA2, CDH13, MSH6, PAX5, PAX6 and WT1 in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer. J Pathol 2011; 225:222-31. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|