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Stolfo JB, Motta ACDA. Density of high endothelial venules and PDL-1 expression: relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary cutaneous melanomas. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230441. [PMID: 38511744 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have highlighted melanoma immunogenicity, and the prognostic importance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and mechanisms of tumor immune evasion, such as hyperexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1). High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized blood vessels that can facilitate the lymphocytes migration to the tumor. Here we evaluate the association of HEV density and PDL-1 expression in primary cutaneous melanomas with the presence and degree of TILs and with other clinicopathological variables (age, sex, tumor location, melanoma histological type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, regression signs, mitotic index). HEV density and PDL-1 expression were assessed immunohistochemically in 78 melanoma cases, using a specific antibody, and were detected in 59% and 76% of these, respectively. Positive associations were identified between HEV density and PDL-1 expression with the presence and degree of lymphocytic infiltration, melanoma histological type and ulceration presence. No correlation was found between HEV density and PDL-1 expression. Our findings confirm the HEV role in the recruitment and facilitation of lymphocyte transport in cutaneous melanomas, where HEV density is strongly associated with the degree of TILs. Additionally, PDL-1 hyperexpression suggests a possible mechanism of tumor immune evasion, which may lead to inactivation and reduction of the tumor lymphocytes number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane B Stolfo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Campus I, BR 285, Km 171, São José, 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana C DA Motta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Campus I, BR 285, Km 171, São José, 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Abo-Shaban T, Sharna SS, Hosie S, Lee CYQ, Balasuriya GK, McKeown SJ, Franks AE, Hill-Yardin EL. Issues for patchy tissues: defining roles for gut-associated lymphoid tissue in neurodevelopment and disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:269-280. [PMID: 36309872 PMCID: PMC10033573 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD; autism) often experience tissue inflammation as well as gastrointestinal dysfunction, yet their underlying causes remain poorly characterised. Notably, the largest components of the body's immune system, including gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), lie within the gastrointestinal tract. A major constituent of GALT in humans comprises secretory lymphoid aggregates known as Peyer's patches that sense and combat constant exposure to pathogens and infectious agents. Essential to the functions of Peyer's patches is its communication with the enteric nervous system (ENS), an intrinsic neural network that regulates gastrointestinal function. Crosstalk between these tissues contribute to the microbiota-gut-brain axis that altogether influences mood and behaviour. Increasing evidence further points to a critical role for this signalling axis in neurodevelopmental homeostasis and disease. Notably, while the neuroimmunomodulatory functions for Peyer's patches are increasingly better understood, functions for tissues of analogous function, such as caecal patches, remain less well characterised. Here, we compare the structure, function and development of Peyer's patches, as well as caecal and appendix patches in humans and model organisms including mice to highlight the roles for these essential tissues in health and disease. We propose that perturbations to GALT function may underlie inflammatory disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abo-Shaban
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - S S Sharna
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Hosie
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - C Y Q Lee
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - G K Balasuriya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - S J McKeown
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - A E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - E L Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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Abstract
Molecular imaging enables visualization of specific molecules in vivo and without substantial perturbation to the target molecule's environment. Glycans are appealing targets for molecular imaging but are inaccessible with conventional approaches. Classic methods for monitoring glycans rely on molecular recognition with probe-bearing lectins or antibodies, but these techniques are not well suited to in vivo imaging. In an emerging strategy, glycans are imaged by metabolic labeling with chemical reporters and subsequent ligation to fluorescent probes. This technique has enabled visualization of glycans in living cells and in live organisms such as zebrafish. Molecular imaging with chemical reporters offers a new avenue for probing changes in the glycome that accompany development and disease.
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Godornes C, Leader BT, Molini BJ, Centurion-Lara A, Lukehart SA. Quantitation of rabbit cytokine mRNA by real-time RT-PCR. Cytokine 2007; 38:1-7. [PMID: 17521914 PMCID: PMC2041851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of rabbit immunology and the use of the rabbit as a disease model have long been hindered by the lack of immunological assays specific to this species. In the present study, we sought to develop a method to quantitate cytokine expression in rabbit cells and tissues. We report the development of a quantitative real-time RT-PCR method for measuring the relative levels of rabbit IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA. Quantitation was accomplished by comparison to a standard curve generated using plasmid DNA containing partial sequences of the relevant cytokines. Experimental studies demonstrate applicability of this assay to quantitate cytokine mRNA levels from rabbit spleen cells following mitogen stimulation. We have further utilized this assay to also examine cytokine expression in rabbit tissues during experimental syphilis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmie Godornes
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
| | | | | | - Arturo Centurion-Lara
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
| | - Sheila A. Lukehart
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
- *Corresponding author: Mailing address: Sheila A. Lukehart, PhD, Department of Medicine, Box 359779, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Ave. Seattle, WA 98104, Phone 206 341 5361, Fax 206 341 5363,
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