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Sun Z, Yun Z, Lin J, Sun X, Wang Q, Duan J, Li C, Zhang X, Xu S, Wang Z, Xiong X, Yao K. Comprehensive mendelian randomization analysis of plasma proteomics to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2024; 22:404. [PMID: 38689297 PMCID: PMC11061979 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and thus calls for development of more effective therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets for coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI) by investigating the causal relationship between plasma proteins and these conditions. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to evaluate more than 1600 plasma proteins for their causal associations with CHD and MI. The MR findings were further confirmed through Bayesian colocalization, Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR), and Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies (TWAS) analyses. Further analyses, including enrichment analysis, single-cell analysis, MR analysis of cardiovascular risk factors, phenome-wide Mendelian Randomization (Phe-MR), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were conducted to verify the roles of selected causal proteins. RESULTS Thirteen proteins were causally associated with CHD, seven of which were also causal for MI. Among them, FES and PCSK9 were causal proteins for both diseases as determined by several analytical methods. PCSK9 was a risk factor of CHD (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13-1.38, P = 7.47E-06) and MI (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.21-1.54, P = 2.30E-07), whereas FES was protective against CHD (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.59-0.79, P = 6.40E-07) and MI (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54-0.77, P = 5.38E-07). Further validation through enrichment and single-cell analysis confirmed the causal effects of these proteins. Moreover, MR analysis of cardiovascular risk factors, Phe-MR, and PPI network provided insights into the potential drug development based on the proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the causal pathways associated with CHD and MI, highlighting the protective and risk roles of FES and PCSK9, respectively. FES. Specifically, the results showed that these proteins are promising therapeutic targets for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Zhangjun Yun
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Jinlong Duan
- Department of Andrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10040, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Zeqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China.
| | - Kuiwu Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China.
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10040, China.
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2
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Karamanavi E, McVey DG, van der Laan SW, Stanczyk PJ, Morris GE, Wang Y, Yang W, Chan K, Poston RN, Luo J, Zhou X, Gong P, Jones PD, Cao J, Kostogrys RB, Webb TR, Pasterkamp G, Yu H, Xiao Q, Greer PA, Stringer EJ, Samani NJ, Ye S. The FES Gene at the 15q26 Coronary-Artery-Disease Locus Inhibits Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2022; 131:1004-1017. [PMID: 36321446 PMCID: PMC9770135 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have discovered a link between genetic variants on human chromosome 15q26.1 and increased coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility; however, the underlying pathobiological mechanism is unclear. This genetic locus contains the FES (FES proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase) gene encoding a cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase involved in the regulation of cell behavior. We investigated the effect of the 15q26.1 variants on FES expression and whether FES plays a role in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Analyses of isogenic monocytic cell lines generated by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-mediated genome editing showed that monocytes with an engineered 15q26.1 CAD risk genotype had reduced FES expression. Small-interfering-RNA-mediated knockdown of FES promoted migration of monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. A phosphoproteomics analysis showed that FES knockdown altered phosphorylation of a number of proteins known to regulate cell migration. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that in human atherosclerotic plaques, cells that expressed FES were predominately monocytes/macrophages, although several other cell types including smooth muscle cells also expressed FES. There was an association between the 15q26.1 CAD risk genotype and greater numbers of monocytes/macrophage in human atherosclerotic plaques. An animal model study demonstrated that Fes knockout increased atherosclerotic plaque size and within-plaque content of monocytes/macrophages and smooth muscle cells, in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high fat diet. CONCLUSIONS We provide substantial evidence that the CAD risk variants at the 15q26.1 locus reduce FES expression in monocytes and that FES depletion results in larger atherosclerotic plaques with more monocytes/macrophages and smooth muscle cells. This study is the first demonstration that FES plays a protective role against atherosclerosis and suggests that enhancing FES activity could be a potentially novel therapeutic approach for CAD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Karamanavi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - David G. McVey
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.W.v.d.L., G.P.)
| | - Paulina J. Stanczyk
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - Gavin E. Morris
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - Yifan Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (Y.W., H.Y., S.Y.)
| | - Wei Yang
- Shantou University Medical College, China (W.Y., J.C., S.Y.)
| | - Kenneth Chan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (K.C., R.N.P., J.L., X.Z., Q.X.)
| | - Robin N. Poston
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (K.C., R.N.P., J.L., X.Z., Q.X.)
| | - Jun Luo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (K.C., R.N.P., J.L., X.Z., Q.X.)
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (K.C., R.N.P., J.L., X.Z., Q.X.)
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - Peter D. Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - Junjun Cao
- Shantou University Medical College, China (W.Y., J.C., S.Y.)
| | - Renata B. Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland (R.B.K.)
| | - Tom R. Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.W.v.d.L., G.P.)
| | - Haojie Yu
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (Y.W., H.Y., S.Y.)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (K.C., R.N.P., J.L., X.Z., Q.X.)
| | - Peter A. Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada (P.A.G.)
| | - Emma J. Stringer
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (E.K., D.G.M., P.J.S., G.E.M., P.G., P.D.J., T.R.W., E.J.S., N.J.S., S.Y.)
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (Y.W., H.Y., S.Y.)
- Shantou University Medical College, China (W.Y., J.C., S.Y.)
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Chemical genetics strategy to profile kinase target engagement reveals role of FES in neutrophil phagocytosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3216. [PMID: 32587248 PMCID: PMC7316778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical tools to monitor drug-target engagement of endogenously expressed protein kinases are highly desirable for preclinical target validation in drug discovery. Here, we describe a chemical genetics strategy to selectively study target engagement of endogenous kinases. By substituting a serine residue into cysteine at the DFG-1 position in the ATP-binding pocket, we sensitize the non-receptor tyrosine kinase FES towards covalent labeling by a complementary fluorescent chemical probe. This mutation is introduced in the endogenous FES gene of HL-60 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Leveraging the temporal and acute control offered by our strategy, we show that FES activity is dispensable for differentiation of HL-60 cells towards macrophages. Instead, FES plays a key role in neutrophil phagocytosis via SYK kinase activation. This chemical genetics strategy holds promise as a target validation method for kinases.
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4
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Agarwal P, Cole LK, Chandrakumar A, Hauff KD, Ravandi A, Dolinsky VW, Hatch GM. Phosphokinome Analysis of Barth Syndrome Lymphoblasts Identify Novel Targets in the Pathophysiology of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072026. [PMID: 30002286 PMCID: PMC6073761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease in which the specific biochemical deficit is a reduction in the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) as a result of a mutation in the CL transacylase tafazzin. We compared the phosphokinome profile in Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphoblasts prepared from a BTHS patient with that of an age-matched control individual. As expected, mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant (>90%) reduction in CL in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to controls. In addition, increased oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels were observed in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to control. Given the broad shifts in metabolism associated with BTHS, we hypothesized that marked differences in posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation would be present in the lymphoblast cells of a BTHS patient. Phosphokinome analysis revealed striking differences in the phosphorylation levels of phosphoproteins in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to control cells. Some phosphorylated proteins, for example, adenosine monophosphate kinase, have been previously validated as bonafide modified phosphorylation targets observed in tafazzin deficiency or under conditions of reduced cellular CL. Thus, we report multiple novel phosphokinome targets in BTHS lymphoblasts and hypothesize that alteration in the phosphokinome profile may provide insight into the pathophysiology of BTHS and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Abin Chandrakumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kristin D Hauff
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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5
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Průcha M, Zazula R, Russwurm S. Sepsis Diagnostics in the Era of "Omics" Technologies. Prague Med Rep 2018; 119:9-29. [PMID: 29665344 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a multifactorial clinical syndrome with an extremely dynamic clinical course and with high diverse clinical phenotype. Early diagnosis is crucial for the final clinical outcome. Previous studies have not identified a biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis which would have sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Identification of the infectious agents or the use of molecular biology, next gene sequencing, has not brought significant benefit for the patient in terms of early diagnosis. Therefore, we are currently searching for biomarkers, through "omics" technologies with sufficient diagnostic specificity and sensitivity, able to predict the clinical course of the disease and the patient response to therapy. Current progress in the use of systems biology technologies brings us hope that by using big data from clinical trials such biomarkers will be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Průcha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Haematology and Immunology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Zazula
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Russwurm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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Dolgachev V, Panicker S, Balijepalli S, McCandless LK, Yin Y, Swamy S, Suresh MV, Delano MJ, Hemmila MR, Raghavendran K, Machado-Aranda D. Electroporation-mediated delivery of FER gene enhances innate immune response and improves survival in a murine model of pneumonia. Gene Ther 2018; 25:359-375. [PMID: 29907877 PMCID: PMC6195832 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that electroporation-mediated (EP) delivery of the FER gene improved survival in a combined trauma-pneumonia model. The mechanism of this protective effect is unknown. In this paper, we performed a pneumonia model in C57/BL6 mice with 500 CFU of Klebsiella pneumoniae. After inoculation, a plasmid encoding human FER was delivered by EP into the lung (PNA/pFER-EP). Survival of FER-treated vs. controls (PNA; PNA/EP-pcDNA) was recorded. In parallel cohorts, bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) and lung were harvested at 24 and 72 h with markers of infection measured. FER-EP-treated animals reduced bacterial counts and had better 5-day survival compared to controls (80 vs. 20 vs. 25%; p < 0.05). Pre-treatment resulted in 100% survival. With FER, inflammatory monocytes were quickly recruited into BAL. These cells had increased surface expression for Toll-receptor 2 and 4, and increased phagocytic and myeloperoxidase activity at 24 h. Samples from FER electroporated animals had increased phosphorylation of STAT transcription factors, varied gene expression of IL1β, TNFα, Nrf2, Nlrp3, Cxcl2, HSP90 and increased cytokine production of TNF-α, CCL-2, KC, IFN-γ, and IL-1RA. In a follow-up experiment, using Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) similar bacterial reduction effects were obtained with FER gene delivery. We conclude that FER overexpression improves survival through STAT activation enhancing innate immunity and accelerating bacterial clearance in the lung. This constitutes a novel mechanism of inflammatory regulation with therapeutic potential in the setting of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Dolgachev
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Sreehari Panicker
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Sanjay Balijepalli
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Lane Kelly McCandless
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Yue Yin
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Samantha Swamy
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - M V Suresh
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Matthew J Delano
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Mark R Hemmila
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavendran
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - David Machado-Aranda
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA.
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7
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Asai A, Miyata Y, Takehara K, Kanda S, Watanabe SI, Greer PA, Sakai H. Pathological significance and prognostic significance of FES expression in bladder cancer vary according to tumor grade. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:21-31. [PMID: 28952025 PMCID: PMC5756570 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The feline sarcoma oncogene protein (FES) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in both oncogenesis and tumor suppression. Here, cancer cell lines and human tissues were employed to clarify the pathological and prognostic significance of FES in bladder cancer. Methods The relationship between FES expression and cancer aggressiveness was investigated using 3 cell lines (T24: corresponding to grade 3, 5637: corresponding to grade 2, and RT4: corresponding to grade 1) and 203 tissues derived from human bladder malignancies. Proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells were assessed following the knockdown (KD) of FES expression by the siRNA method. Relationships between FES expression and pathological features, aggressiveness, and outcome were investigated. Results FES-KD inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of T24 cells but not of RT4 cells and 5637 cells. Considering all patients, FES expression demonstrated a negative relationship with grade but no association with muscle invasion or cancer cell proliferation. However, it was positively correlated with pT stage and cell proliferation in high-grade tumors (p = 0.002); no such association was found for low-grade tumors. In addition, elevated FES expression was a negative prognostic indicator of metastasis after radical surgery for patients with high-grade tumors (p = 0.021) but not for those with low-grade malignancies. Conclusions FES appeared to act as a suppressor of carcinogenesis, being associated with low tumor grade in the overall patient group. However, its expression correlated with cancer aggressiveness and poor outcome in high-grade bladder cancer. FES, therefore, represents a potential therapeutic target and useful prognostic factor for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Asai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Takehara
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kanda
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queens University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Khajah M, Andonegui G, Chan R, Craig AW, Greer PA, McCafferty DM. Fer kinase limits neutrophil chemotaxis toward end target chemoattractants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2208-16. [PMID: 23355730 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment and directional movement toward chemotactic stimuli are important processes in innate immune responses. This study examines the role of Fer kinase in neutrophil recruitment and chemotaxis to various chemoattractants in vitro and in vivo. Mice targeted with a kinase-inactivating mutation (Fer(DR/DR)) or wild type (WT) were studied using time-lapse intravital microscopy to examine leukocyte recruitment and chemotaxis in vivo. In response to keratinocyte-derived cytokine, no difference in leukocyte chemotaxis was observed between WT and Fer(DR/DR) mice. However, in response to the chemotactic peptide WKYMVm, a selective agonist of the formyl peptide receptor, a 2-fold increase in leukocyte emigration was noted in Fer(DR/DR) mice (p < 0.05). To determine whether these defects were due to Fer signaling in the endothelium or other nonhematopoietic cells, bone marrow chimeras were generated. WKYMVm-induced leukocyte recruitment in chimeric mice (WT bone marrow to Fer(DR/DR) recipients or vice versa) was similar to WT mice, suggesting that Fer kinase signaling in both leukocytes and endothelial cells serves to limit chemotaxis. Purified Fer(DR/DR) neutrophils demonstrated enhanced chemotaxis toward end target chemoattractants (WKYMVm and C5a) compared with WT using an under-agarose gel chemotaxis assay. These defects were not observed in response to intermediate chemoattractants (keratinocyte-derived cytokine, MIP-2, or LTB(4)). Increased WKYMVm-induced chemotaxis of Fer(DR/DR) neutrophils correlated with sustained PI3K activity and reduced reliance on the p38 MAPK pathway compared with WT neutrophils. Together, these data identify Fer as a novel inhibitory kinase for neutrophil chemotaxis toward end target chemoattractants through modulation of PI3K activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham Khajah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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Kwok E, Everingham S, Zhang S, Greer PA, Allingham JS, Craig AW. FES Kinase Promotes Mast Cell Recruitment to Mammary Tumors via the Stem Cell Factor/KIT Receptor Signaling Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:881-91. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Miyata Y, Watanabe SI, Matsuo T, Hayashi T, Sakai H, Xuan JW, Greer PA, Kanda S. Pathological significance and predictive value for biochemical recurrence of c-Fes expression in prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:201-8. [PMID: 21563194 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Fes is a proto-oncogene encoded non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK). However, genetic studies have indicated that it has anti-tumorigenic effects in certain cancers. The pathological and clinical significance of c-Fes in prostate cancer are unknown. METHODS Expression of c-Fes was evaluated in normal glands, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), cancer cells in tissues of knock-in mouse adenocarcinoma prostate (KIMAP) model, and prostate cancer patients free of metastasis. Expression of c-Fes was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and quantified by using the immunoreactivity score (IRS) (staining intensity × percentage of positive cells). Relationships between c-Fes expression and pT stage, Gleason's score (GS), and biochemical recurrence in patients who underwent radical surgery were also investigated. RESULTS In KIMAP, the percentage in normal glands, PIN and cancer cells positive for c-Fes expression were 0 (0/7), 25.0 (2/8), and 100% (7/7), respectively. In human tissues, c-Fes expression was also significantly higher in cancer cells than in normal cells and PIN, and it correlated with pT stage (P < 0.001) and GS (P = 0.047). Multivariate analysis showed that c-Fes expression was an independent predictor of poor outcome poor prognosis (hazard ratio = 3.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-9.37, P = 0.032). CONCLUSION The results suggested that c-Fes expression is a useful predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical surgery. The results also suggested that c-Fes is a potentially useful therapeutic target in prostate cancer and a predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Sampson HW, Chaput CD, Brannen J, Probe RA, Guleria RS, Pan J, Baker KM, VanBuren V. Alcohol induced epigenetic perturbations during the inflammatory stage of fracture healing. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1389-401. [PMID: 22087020 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized by orthopedic surgeons that fractures of alcoholics are more difficult to heal successfully and have a higher incidence of non-union, but the mechanism of alcohol's effect on fracture healing is unknown. In order to give direction for the study of the effects of alcohol on fracture healing, we propose to identify gene expression and microRNA changes during the early stages of fracture healing that might be attributable to alcohol consumption. As the inflammatory stage appears to be the most critical for successful fracture healing, this paper focuses on the events at day three following fracture or the stage of inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on an ethanol-containing or pair-fed Lieber and DeCarli diet for four weeks prior to surgical fracture. Following insertion of a medullary pin, a closed mid-diaphyseal fracture was induced using a Bonnarens and Einhorn fracture device. At three days' post-fracture, the region of the fracture calluses was harvested from the right hind-limb. RNA was extracted and microarray analysis was conducted against the entire rat genome. There were 35 genes that demonstrated significant increased expression due to alcohol consumption and 20 that decreased due to alcohol. In addition, the expression of 20 microRNAs was increased and six decreased. In summary, while it is recognized that mRNA levels may or may not represent protein levels successfully produced by the cell, these studies reveal changes in gene expression that support the hypothesis that alcohol consumption affects events involved with inflammation. MicroRNAs are known to modulate mRNA and these findings were consistent with much of what was seen with mRNA microarray analysis, especially the involvement of smad4 which was demonstrated by mRNA microarray, microRNA and polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wayne Sampson
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, USA.
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12
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Zhang S, Chitu V, Stanley ER, Elliott BE, Greer PA. Fes tyrosine kinase expression in the tumor niche correlates with enhanced tumor growth, angiogenesis, circulating tumor cells, metastasis, and infiltrating macrophages. Cancer Res 2010; 71:1465-73. [PMID: 21159660 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fes is a protein tyrosine kinase with cell autonomous oncogenic activities that are well established in cell culture and animal models, but its involvement in human cancer has been unclear. Abundant expression of Fes in vascular endothelial cells and myeloid cell lineages prompted us to explore roles for Fes in the tumor microenvironment. In an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer, we found that loss of Fes in the host correlated with reductions in engrafted tumor growth rates, metastasis, and circulating tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment in Fes-deficient mice also showed reduced vascularity and fewer macrophages. In co-culture with tumor cells, Fes-deficient macrophages also poorly promoted tumor cell invasive behavior. Taken together, our observations argue that Fes inhibition might provide therapeutic benefits in breast cancer, in part by attenuating tumor-associated angiogenesis and the metastasis-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Gundacker NC, Haudek VJ, Wimmer H, Slany A, Griss J, Bochkov V, Zielinski C, Wagner O, Stöckl J, Gerner C. Cytoplasmic proteome and secretome profiles of differently stimulated human dendritic cells. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2799-811. [PMID: 19351150 DOI: 10.1021/pr8011039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent and specialized antigen-presenting cells, play a key role in the regulation of the adaptive immunity. Immature DCs were generated by in vitro culturing of peripheral blood monocytes and functionally activated with the classical pathogen-associated molecular pattern lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Alternative activation resulting in Th-2 polarization was induced with lipid oxidation products derived from 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholin (OxPAPC). Tolerogenic cells were obtained by treating DCs with human rhinovirus (HRV). The aim of this study was the identification of proteome profiles related to the functionally different dendritic cell phenotypes. Cytoplasmic proteins were analyzed by shotgun proteomics resulting in the identification of 1690 proteins. While mature and alternatively activated DCs displayed highly distinct protein expression profiles, HRV-treated DCs showed minor proteome alterations. As DCs exert many specific functions via secretion, we investigated the secretomes by a combination of 2D-PAGE and shotgun proteomics. We successfully identified a broad variety of cytokines (e.g., GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta, 6, 12 beta, 28B and 29), chemokines (e.g., CCL3, 5, 8, 17, 18, 19, 24, CXCL1, 2, 9 and 10) and growth factors (growth/differentiation factor 8, C-type lectin domain family 11 member A). The relative composition of secretome profiles, although comprising much less proteins, was found to be much more affected by functional alteration of cells than the cytoplasmic protein composition. In conclusion, we demonstrate that functional distinct subsets of DCs display distinct proteome profiles which comprise biomarker candidates. These proteins may prove useful for the interpretation of complex clinical proteomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Gundacker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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14
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fps/fes knockout mice display a lactation defect and the fps/fes tyrosine kinase is a component of E-cadherin-based adherens junctions in breast epithelial cells during lactation. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:2929-40. [PMID: 19732771 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fps/fes proto-oncogene encodes a cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase implicated in vesicular trafficking and cytokine and growth factor signaling in hematopoietic, neuronal, vascular endothelial and epithelial lineages. Genetic evidence has suggested a tumor suppressor role for Fps/Fes in breast and colon. Here we used fps/fes knockout mice to investigate potential roles for this kinase in development and function of the mammary gland. Fps/Fes expression was induced during pregnancy and lactation, and its kinase activity was dramatically enhanced. Milk protein and fat composition from nursing fps/fes-null mothers was normal; however, pups reared by them gained weight more slowly than pups reared by wild-type mothers. Fps/Fes displayed a predominantly dispersed punctate intracellular distribution which was consistent with vesicles within the luminal epithelial cells of lactating breast, while a small fraction co-localized with beta-catenin and E-cadherin on their basolateral surfaces. Fps/Fes was found to be a component of the E-cadherin adherens junction (AJ) complex; however, the phosphotyrosine status of beta-catenin and core AJ components in fps/fes-null breast tissue was unaltered, and epithelial cell AJs and gland morphology were intact. We conclude that Fps/Fes is not essential for the maintenance of epithelial cell AJs in the lactating breast but may instead play important roles in vesicular trafficking and milk secretion.
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Filippakopoulos P, Kofler M, Hantschel O, Gish GD, Grebien F, Salah E, Neudecker P, Kay LE, Turk BE, Superti-Furga G, Pawson T, Knapp S. Structural coupling of SH2-kinase domains links Fes and Abl substrate recognition and kinase activation. Cell 2008; 134:793-803. [PMID: 18775312 PMCID: PMC2572732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The SH2 domain of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases can enhance catalytic activity and substrate recognition, but the molecular mechanisms by which this is achieved are poorly understood. We have solved the structure of the prototypic SH2-kinase unit of the human Fes tyrosine kinase, which appears specialized for positive signaling. In its active conformation, the SH2 domain tightly interacts with the kinase N-terminal lobe and positions the kinase αC helix in an active configuration through essential packing and electrostatic interactions. This interaction is stabilized by ligand binding to the SH2 domain. Our data indicate that Fes kinase activation is closely coupled to substrate recognition through cooperative SH2-kinase-substrate interactions. Similarly, we find that the SH2 domain of the active Abl kinase stimulates catalytic activity and substrate phosphorylation through a distinct SH2-kinase interface. Thus, the SH2 and catalytic domains of active Fes and Abl pro-oncogenic kinases form integrated structures essential for effective tyrosine kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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