1
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Intrathymic dendritic cell-biased precursors promote human T cell lineage specification through IRF8-driven transmembrane TNF. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:474-486. [PMID: 36703005 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cross-talk between thymocytes and thymic stromal cells is fundamental for T cell development. In humans, intrathymic development of dendritic cells (DCs) is evident but its physiological significance is unknown. Here we showed that DC-biased precursors depended on the expression of the transcription factor IRF8 to express the membrane-bound precursor form of the cytokine TNF (tmTNF) to promote differentiation of thymus seeding hematopoietic progenitors into T-lineage specified precursors through activation of the TNF receptor (TNFR)-2 instead of TNFR1. In vitro recapitulation of TNFR2 signaling by providing low-density tmTNF or a selective TNFR2 agonist enhanced the generation of human T cell precursors. Our study shows that, in addition to mediating thymocyte selection and maturation, DCs function as hematopoietic stromal support for the early stages of human T cell development and provide proof of concept that selective targeting of TNFR2 can enhance the in vitro generation of T cell precursors for clinical application.
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2
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Miah M, Goh I, Haniffa M. Prenatal Development and Function of Human Mononuclear Phagocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649937. [PMID: 33898444 PMCID: PMC8060508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mononuclear phagocyte (MP) system, which includes dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. During embryonic development, MPs derive sequentially in yolk sac progenitors, fetal liver, and bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells. MPs maintain tissue homeostasis and confer protective immunity in post-natal life. Recent evidence - primarily in animal models - highlight their critical role in coordinating the remodeling, maturation, and repair of target organs during embryonic and fetal development. However, the molecular regulation governing chemotaxis, homeostasis, and functional diversification of resident MP cells in their respective organ systems during development remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the development and functional contribution of tissue MPs during human organ development and morphogenesis and its relevance to regenerative medicine. We outline how single-cell multi-omic approaches and next-generation ex-vivo organ-on-chip models provide new experimental platforms to study the role of human MPs during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohi Miah
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Issac Goh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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3
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Pievani A, Savoldelli R, Poelchen J, Mattioli E, Anselmi G, Girardot A, Utikal J, Bourdely P, Serafini M, Guermonprez P. Harnessing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Engineering of Human Hematopoietic Niches. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631279. [PMID: 33790904 PMCID: PMC8006008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering opens multiple opportunities in regenerative medicine, drug testing, and modeling of the hematopoiesis in health and disease. Recapitulating the organization of physiological microenvironments supporting leukocyte development is essential to model faithfully the development of immune cells. Hematopoietic organs are shaped by spatially organized niches defined by multiple cellular contributions. A shared feature of immune niches is the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells endowed with unique roles in organizing niche development, maintenance, and function. Here, we review challenges and opportunities in harnessing stromal cells for the engineering of artificial immune niches and hematopoietic organoids recapitulating leukocyte ontogeny both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pievani
- Department of Pediatrics, M. Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Savoldelli
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Research UK King's Health Partner Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliane Poelchen
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elisa Mattioli
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Research UK King's Health Partner Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Anselmi
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Girardot
- Centre for Inflammation Research, CNRS ERL8252, INSERM1149, Hopital Bichat, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pierre Bourdely
- Centre for Inflammation Research, CNRS ERL8252, INSERM1149, Hopital Bichat, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pediatrics, M. Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Pierre Guermonprez
- Centre for Inflammation Research, CNRS ERL8252, INSERM1149, Hopital Bichat, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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4
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T Cell Genesis: In Vitro Veritas Est? Trends Immunol 2016; 37:889-901. [PMID: 27789110 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T cells, as orchestrators of the adaptive immune response, serve important physiological and potentially therapeutic roles, for example in cancer immunotherapy. T cells are readily isolated from patients; however, the yield of antigen-specific T cells is limited, thus making their clinical use challenging. Therefore, the generation of T lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro provides an attractive method for the large-scale production and genetic manipulation of T cells. In this review, we discuss recent strategies for the generation of T cells from human HSPCs and PSCs in vitro. Continued advancement in the generation of human T cells in vitro will expand their benefits and therapeutic potential in the clinic.
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5
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Gupta R, Gupta T, Kaur H, Sehgal S, Aggarwal A, Kapoor K, Sharma A, Sahni D, Singla S. Cytokeratin (CK5, CK8, CK14) expression and presence of progenitor stem cells in human fetal thymuses. Clin Anat 2016; 29:711-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gupta
- Department of Anatomy; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Tulika Gupta
- Department of Anatomy; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Harjeet Kaur
- Department of Anatomy; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | | | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Kanchan Kapoor
- Deptt of Anatomy; Govt. Medical College & Hospital (GMCH - 32); Chandigarh India
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Deptt of Anatomy; Govt. Medical College & Hospital (GMCH - 32); Chandigarh India
| | - Daisy Sahni
- Department of Anatomy; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
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6
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Hübner J, Hoseini SS, Suerth JD, Hoffmann D, Maluski M, Herbst J, Maul H, Ghosh A, Eiz-Vesper B, Yuan Q, Ott M, Heuser M, Schambach A, Sauer MG. Generation of Genetically Engineered Precursor T-Cells From Human Umbilical Cord Blood Using an Optimized Alpharetroviral Vector Platform. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1216-26. [PMID: 27138041 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroviral engineering of hematopoietic stem cell-derived precursor T-cells (preTs) opens the possibility of targeted T-cell transfer across human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-barriers. Alpharetroviral vectors exhibit a more neutral integration pattern thereby reducing the risk of insertional mutagenesis. Cord blood-derived CD34+ cells were transduced and differentiated into preTs in vitro. Two promoters, elongation-factor-1-short-form, and a myeloproliferative sarcoma virus variant in combination with two commonly used envelopes were comparatively assessed choosing enhanced green fluorescent protein or a third-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against CD123 as gene of interest. Furthermore, the inducible suicide gene iCaspase 9 has been validated. Combining the sarcoma virus-derived promoter with a modified feline endogenous retrovirus envelope glycoprotein yielded in superior transgene expression and transduction rates. Fresh and previously frozen CD34+ cells showed similar transduction and expansion rates. Transgene-positive cells did neither show proliferative impairment nor alteration in their lymphoid differentiation profile. The sarcoma virus-derived promoter only could express sufficient levels of iCaspase 9 to mediate dimerizer-induced apoptosis. Finally, the CD123 CAR was efficiently expressed in CD34+ cells and proved to be functional when expressed on differentiated T-cells. Therefore, the transduction of CD34+ cells with alpharetroviral vectors represents a feasible and potentially safer approach for stem cell-based immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwita Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shahabuddin S Hoseini
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia D Suerth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcel Maluski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Herbst
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Maul
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Marienkrankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin G Sauer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Khoo MLM, Carlin SM, Lutherborrow MA, Jayaswal V, Ma DDF, Moore JJ. Gene profiling reveals association between altered Wnt signaling and loss of T-cell potential with age in human hematopoietic stem cells. Aging Cell 2014; 13:744-54. [PMID: 24889652 PMCID: PMC4326953 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional decline of the hematopoietic system occurs during aging and contributes to clinical consequences, including reduced competence of adaptive immunity and increased incidence of myeloid diseases. This has been linked to aging of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment and has implications for clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation as prolonged periods of T-cell deficiency follow transplantation of adult mobilized peripheral blood (PB), the primary transplant source. Here, we examined the gene expression profiles of young and aged HSCs from human cord blood and adult mobilized PB, respectively, and found that Wnt signaling genes are differentially expressed between young and aged human HSCs, with less activation of Wnt signaling in aged HSCs. Utilizing the OP9-DL1 in vitro co-culture system to promote T-cell development under stable Notch signaling conditions, we found that Wnt signaling activity is important for T-lineage differentiation. Examination of Wnt signaling components and target gene activation in young and aged human HSCs during T-lineage differentiation revealed an association between reduced Wnt signal transduction, increasing age, and impaired or delayed T-cell differentiation. This defect in Wnt signal activation of aged HSCs appeared to occur in the early T-progenitor cell subset derived during in vitro T-lineage differentiation. Our results reveal that reduced Wnt signaling activity may play a role in the age-related intrinsic defects of aged HSCs and early hematopoietic progenitors and suggest that manipulation of this pathway could contribute to the end goal of improving T-cell generation and immune reconstitution following clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. M. Khoo
- Blood Stem Cells and Cancer Research; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, and The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Stephen M. Carlin
- Blood Stem Cells and Cancer Research; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, and The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Mark A. Lutherborrow
- Blood Stem Cells and Cancer Research; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, and The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Vivek Jayaswal
- Centre for Mathematical Biology; School of Mathematics and Statistics; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - David D. F. Ma
- Blood Stem Cells and Cancer Research; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, and The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2010 Australia
| | - John J. Moore
- Blood Stem Cells and Cancer Research; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, and The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2010 Australia
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8
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Lin Y, Wang J, Wang X, Wu W, Lai C. T Cells Development Is Different between Thymus from Normal and Intrauterine Growth Restricted Pig Fetus at Different Gestational Stage. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:343-8. [PMID: 25049796 PMCID: PMC4093474 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the development of T cells in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) piglets at different gestational stages, and tentatively explore the relationship between T cells development and the Notch signaling pathway. A total of 18 crossbred (Landrace×Large white) primiparous sows were mated at similar weights and estruses and euthanized at d 60, 90 and 110 of gestation with six replicates for each time point. One IUGR and one normal fetus were picked from each litter. The T-cell subsets, mRNA expression of Delta-like1, Delta-like4, Jagged1, and Notch2 genes in the thymus were investigated. Compared to normal piglets, CD3+CD4−CD8+ cells in IUGR fetuses at d 90 was 0.13% lower (p<0.05). At d 110 of gestation CD8+ T cells in IUGR fetuses was 0.19% lower (p<0.05). The percentage of CD8+ T cells was 3.14% lower (p<0.05) of the total T cells in IUGR pigs at d 60. The abundance of Notch2 and Delta-like4 mRNA at d 110 was 20.93% higher and 0.77% (p<0.05) lower, and Delta-like1 mRNA at d 90 was 0.19% (p<0.05) higher compared to normal pigs. These results suggested that normal fetuses had a greater proportion of T-cell subsets at earlier gestation periods, and the Notch signaling pathway was likely partially responsible for these differences to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weizong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changhua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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9
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Patel ES, Okada S, Hachey K, Yang LJ, Durum SK, Moreb JS, Chang LJ. Regulation of in vitro human T cell development through interleukin-7 deprivation and anti-CD3 stimulation. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:46. [PMID: 22897934 PMCID: PMC3496569 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of IL-7 and pre-TCR signaling during T cell development has been well characterized in murine but not in human system. We and others have reported that human BM hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) display poor proliferation, inefficient double negative (DN) to double positive (DP) transition and no functional maturation in the in vitro OP9-Delta-like 1 (DL1) culture system. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the importance of optimal IL-7 and pre-TCR signaling during adult human T cell development. Using a modified OP9-DL1 culture ectopically expressing IL-7 and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), we demonstrated enhanced T cell precursor expansion. IL-7 removal at various time points during T cell development promoted a slight increase of DP cells; however, these cells did not differentiate further and underwent cell death. As pre-TCR signaling rescues DN cells from programmed cell death, we treated the culture with anti-CD3 antibody. Upon pre-TCR stimulation, the IL-7 deprived T precursors differentiated into CD3+TCRαβ+DP cells and further matured into functional CD4 T cells, albeit displayed a skewed TCR Vβ repertoire. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes for the first time a critical control for differentiation and maturation of adult human T cells from HPCs by concomitant regulation of IL-7 and pre-TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta S Patel
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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10
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Melichar H, Li O, Ross J, Haber H, Cado D, Nolla H, Robey EA, Winoto A. Comparative study of hematopoietic differentiation between human embryonic stem cell lines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19854. [PMID: 21603627 PMCID: PMC3095633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into any desired cell type has been hailed as a therapeutic promise to cure many human diseases. However, substantial roadblocks still exist for in vitro differentiation of hESCs into distinct cell types, including T lymphocytes. Here we examined the hematopoietic differentiation potential of six different hESC lines. We compare their ability to develop into CD34+ or CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic precursor populations under several differentiation conditions. Comparison of lymphoid potential of hESC derived- and fetal tissue derived-hematopoietic precursors was also made. We found diverse hematopoietic potential between hESC lines depending on the culture or passage conditions. In contrast to fetal-derived hematopoietic precursors, none of the CD34+ precursors differentiated from hESCs were able to develop further into T cells. These data underscore the difficulties in the current strategy of hESC forward differentiation and highlight distinct differences between CD34+ hematopoietic precursors generated in vitro versus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Melichar
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ou Li
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jenny Ross
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hilary Haber
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Dragana Cado
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hector Nolla
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ellen A. Robey
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Astar Winoto
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Cytokines and culture medium have a major impact on human in vitro T-cell differentiation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2011; 47:72-8. [PMID: 21531153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An important proof of principle has been achieved with the development of an in vitro T-cell differentiation assay based on the coculture of hematopoietic progenitors with the OP9-Delta1 stromal cell line. The original murine T cell differentiation assay has since been adapted for human T-cell differentiation, however with lower efficiency. The choice of both medium and cytokines is crucial in this assay, therefore our work has been focused on these two factors. The use of freshly reconstituted medium, the optimization of interleukine-7 (IL-7) concentration, and the addition of stem cell factor (SCF) have allowed to improve the proliferation of progenitors and T-cell precursors as well as the yield of double positive CD4+CD8+ T cells, and mature γδ and αβ T cells. These optimizations make the OP9-Delta1 system sensitive enough to perform both quantitative and qualitative assays with various type of progenitors, including those transduced by a retroviral vector. The improved OP9-Delta1 assay therefore constitutes an extremely useful test for basic research purposes and for translational medicine.
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12
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Cellular models for disease exploring and drug screening. Protein Cell 2010; 1:355-362. [PMID: 21203947 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical industry has been greatly promoted by the application of drug and disease models, including both animal and cellular models. In particular, the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) makes it possible to create a large number of disease-specific cells in vitro. This review introduces the most widely applied models and their specialties.
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