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Shukla A, Cloutier M, Appiya Santharam M, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. The MHC Class-I Transactivator NLRC5: Implications to Cancer Immunology and Potential Applications to Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041964. [PMID: 33671123 PMCID: PMC7922096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system constantly monitors the emergence of cancerous cells and eliminates them. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which kill tumor cells and provide antitumor immunity, select their targets by recognizing tumor antigenic peptides presented by MHC class-I (MHC-I) molecules. Cancer cells circumvent immune surveillance using diverse strategies. A key mechanism of cancer immune evasion is downregulation of MHC-I and key proteins of the antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM). Even though impaired MHC-I expression in cancers is well-known, reversing the MHC-I defects remains the least advanced area of tumor immunology. The discoveries that NLRC5 is the key transcriptional activator of MHC-I and APM genes, and genetic lesions and epigenetic modifications of NLRC5 are the most common cause of MHC-I defects in cancers, have raised the hopes for restoring MHC-I expression. Here, we provide an overview of cancer immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells and the functions of NLRC5 in MHC-I antigen presentation pathways. We describe the impressive advances made in understanding the regulation of NLRC5 expression, the data supporting the antitumor functions of NLRC5 and a few reports that argue for a pro-tumorigenic role. Finally, we explore the possible avenues of exploiting NLRC5 for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Shukla
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Madanraj Appiya Santharam
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
- CRCHUS, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
- CRCHUS, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-346-1110 (ext. 14834)
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Limited density of an antigen presented by RMA-S cells requires B7-1/CD28 signaling to enhance T-cell immunity at the effector phase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108192. [PMID: 25383875 PMCID: PMC4226464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of B7-1/CD28 between antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T-cells provides a second signal to proliferate and activate T-cell immunity at the induction phase. Many reports indicate that tumor cells transfected with B7-1 induced augmented antitumor immunity at the induction phase by mimicking APC function; however, the function of B7-1 on antitumor immunity at the effector phase is unknown. Here, we report direct evidence of enhanced T-cell antitumor immunity at the effector phase by the B7-1 molecule. Our experiments in vivo and in vitro indicated that reactivity of antigen-specific monoclonal and polyclonal T-cell effectors against a Lass5 epitope presented by RMA-S cells is increased when the cells expressed B7-1. Use of either anti-B7-1 or anti-CD28 antibodies to block the B7-1/CD28 association reduced reactivity of the T effectors against B7-1 positive RMA-S cells. Transfection of Lass5 cDNA into or pulse of Lass5 peptide onto B7-1 positive RMA-S cells overcomes the requirement of the B7-1/CD28 signal for T effector response. To our knowledge, the data offers, for the first time, strong evidence that supports the requirement of B7-1/CD28 secondary signal at the effector phase of antitumor T-cell immunity being dependent on the density of an antigenic peptide.
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Ren YX, Yang J, Zhang LJ, Sun RM, Zhao LF, Zhang M, Chen Y, Ma J, Qiao K, Sun QM, Long HT, Huang YC, Li XJ. Downregulation of expression of transporters associated with antigen processing 1 and 2 and human leukocyte antigen I and its effect on immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 2:51-58. [PMID: 24649307 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I and antigen-processing machinery (APM) are crucial in the anti-cancer immune response. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of the APM components [transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP)-1 and -2 and HLA-I] in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 58 NPC specimens and 20 healthy specimens used as control were evaluated by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for three APM components (TAP-1, TAP-2 and HLA-I). The expression of the APM components in NPC was downregulated. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry and IL-10 was measured by ELISA. The number of CD8+ T cells and the expression of IL-10 were higher and the number of CD4+ T cells was lower in NPC, compared to the controls. The number of CD8+ T cells and the expression of IL-10 were negatively correlated with TAP-1, TAP-2 and HLA-I expression. The clinical phase, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, pathological type, TAP-1 expression, TAP-2 expression and HLA-I expression were identified as prognostic factors by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. A multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model indicated that distant metastasis and the downregulation of HLA-I expression were independent unfavorable prognostic factors. In conclusion, the lower expression of HLA-I induced immunosuppression in NPC patients and was associated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xin Ren
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
| | - Jie Yang
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
| | - Rui-Mei Sun
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
| | - Liu-Fang Zhao
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
| | - Ming Zhang
- Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
| | - Yun Chen
- Departments of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650034
| | - Kun Qiao
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
| | - Qiang-Ming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ting Long
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118
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Williams BJ, Bhatia S, Adams LK, Boling S, Carroll JL, Li XL, Rogers DL, Korokhov N, Kovesdi I, Pereboev AV, Curiel DT, Mathis JM. Dendritic cell based PSMA immunotherapy for prostate cancer using a CD40-targeted adenovirus vector. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46981. [PMID: 23056548 PMCID: PMC3466199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prostate tumor vaccine and gene therapy trials using ex vivo methods to prime dendritic cells (DCs) with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been somewhat successful, but to date the lengthy ex vivo manipulation of DCs has limited the widespread clinical utility of this approach. Our goal was to improve upon cancer vaccination with tumor antigens by delivering PSMA via a CD40-targeted adenovirus vector directly to DCs as an efficient means for activation and antigen presentation to T-cells. To test this approach, we developed a mouse model of prostate cancer by generating clonal derivatives of the mouse RM-1 prostate cancer cell line expressing human PSMA (RM-1-PSMA cells). To maximize antigen presentation in target cells, both MHC class I and TAP protein expression was induced in RM-1 cells by transduction with an Ad vector expressing interferon-gamma (Ad5-IFNγ). Administering DCs infected ex vivo with CD40-targeted Ad5-huPSMA, as well as direct intraperitoneal injection of the vector, resulted in high levels of tumor-specific CTL responses against RM-1-PSMA cells pretreated with Ad5-IFNγ as target cells. CD40 targeting significantly improved the therapeutic antitumor efficacy of Ad5-huPSMA encoding PSMA when combined with Ad5-IFNγ in the RM-1-PSMA model. These results suggest that a CD-targeted adenovirus delivering PSMA may be effective clinically for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II/genetics
- Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II/metabolism
- HLA-A Antigens/genetics
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Vaccination/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Jill Williams
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lisa K. Adams
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Susan Boling
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Carroll
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Donna L. Rogers
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nikolay Korokhov
- VectorLogics, Inc., Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Imre Kovesdi
- VectorLogics, Inc., Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Alexander V. Pereboev
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Mathis
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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A novel category of antigens enabling CTL immunity to tumor escape variants: Cinderella antigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 61:119-25. [PMID: 22116347 PMCID: PMC3249164 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies in MHC class I antigen presentation are a common feature of tumors and allows escape from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing. It is crucial to take this capacity of tumors into account for the development of T-cell-based immunotherapy, as it may strongly impair their effectiveness. A variety of escape mechanisms has been described thus far, but progress in counteracting them is poor. Here we review a novel strategy to target malignancies with defects in the antigenic processing machinery (APM). The concept is based on a unique category of CD8+ T-cell epitopes that is associated with impaired peptide processing, which we named TEIPP. We characterized this alternative peptide repertoire emerging in MHC-I on tumors lacking classical antigen processing due to defects in the peptide transporter TAP (transporter associated with peptide processing). These TEIPPs exemplify interesting parallels with the folktale figure Cinderella: they are oppressed and neglected by a stepmother (like functional TAP prevents TEIPP presentation), until the suppression is released and Cinderella/TEIPP achieves unexpected recognition. TEIPP-specific CTLs and their cognate peptide-epitopes provide a new strategy to counteract immune evasion by APM defects and bear potential to targeting escape variants observed in a wide range of cancers.
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Lampen MH, van Hall T. Strategies to counteract MHC-I defects in tumors. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 23:293-8. [PMID: 21295956 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Defects in MHC-I antigen presentation represent a common feature of cancer and allow evasion from T cell recognition. Recent findings from immunotherapy in melanoma suggested that irreversible MHC-I defects enable escape from immune pressure. Although loss of antigen presentation is known for many years, strategies to counteract these defects are scarce and largely unexamined. Now that the first forms of T-cell-based immunotherapy show clinical efficacy and reach FDA approval, this issue deserves urgent awareness. Here we describe possible roads leading to corrections of MHC-I defects in tumors and describe a salvage pathway for CTL by targeting novel tumor antigens that we recently uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit H Lampen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
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Zhong H, Han B. [Paclitaxel blocks immunologic escape through up-regulating TAP-1, TAP-2 and eliminatiing Treg cells in 3LL-bearing mice]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2010; 13:937-41. [PMID: 20959065 PMCID: PMC6000582 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 化疗是否可以逆转肿瘤的免疫逃逸尚未得到肯定的回答。本研究旨在探讨紫杉醇类抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇参与逆转肺部肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸的机制。 方法 体外实验应用流式单抗TAP-1、TAP-2检测分析3LL细胞株(Lewis肺腺癌细胞)和经紫杉醇5×10-8 mol/L处理的3LL细胞株抗原肽转运体(transporters associated with antigen processing, TAP)的表达;体内实验中,3LL细胞经尾静脉注射成瘤,8 d后化疗组小鼠腹腔内注射紫杉醇:0.012 5 mg/只;对照组小鼠腹腔内注射生理盐水;设立空白对照组;21 d后取各组小鼠的肺部组织,制备单细胞悬液,流式三染法检测调节性T细胞(Regulatory T cells, Treg)。 结果 经紫杉醇处理的3LL细胞高表达TAP-1(5.68%±0.65%)和TAP-2(89.54%±4.8%),明显高于3LL细胞组TAP-1(1.93%±0.25%)和TAP-2(67.78%±5.08%)的表达(P分别为0.006和0.036);体内实验中:荷瘤小鼠肺部肿瘤中Treg细胞的表达(25.46%±2.23%)明显高于正常对照组的小鼠(12.46%±1.21%),差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.001);紫杉醇化疗组明显抑制小鼠肺部肿瘤组织中Treg细胞的表达(17.53%±1.24%),与荷瘤小鼠肺部组织的Treg细胞相比,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.004)。 结论 化疗药物紫杉醇通过上调肿瘤细胞表面抗原转运肽的表达以及消除肿瘤局部调节性T细胞的产生,可能部分参与了逆转肺癌免疫逃逸的功能。
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
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