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Bhukkar R, Sachdeva RK, Suri D, Shandilya J, Rawat A, Saikia B, Singh S. Reduced Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Perinatally Acquired Long-Term Non-Progressor Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:437-443. [PMID: 30632379 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte subsets of long-term non-progressor (LPNT) HIV-infected children is a less studied aspect of HIV infection. Evaluation of different lymphocyte subsets was done in HIV-infected children ≥8 years of age. Subjects were divided in two groups-group 1 (LTNP), treatment-naive with CD4 ≥ 500 cells/μL (n = 20); group 2, non-long-term non-progressor (nLTNPs) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4 count ≤500 on at least one occasion (n = 21). Group 3 comprised age-, sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 20). Lymphocyte subsets were acquired with a flow cytometer (Navios; Beckman Coulter), and data were analyzed using Kaluza flow analysis software. The mean ages were 12.1 (±2.4 SD) and 12.5 (±2.7) years with mean duration of follow-up of 6.8 (±3.4) and 5.6 (±1.95) years in LTNP and nLTNP subjects, respectively. The mean duration of ART was 5.17 years for group 2. Absolute count and percentage of CD4+ T cells was lower in nLTNPs than in LTNPs. Cytotoxic T cells were high in both HIV-infected groups compared with HCs. Natural killer (NK) cells were found to be significantly lower in LTNP and nLTNP groups compared with HCs (p ≤ .000003 and p ≤ .00003, respectively). Naïve B cells were more in HIV-infected individuals than in HCs. NK cells were significantly lower in LTNP and nLTNP groups. Immune reconstitution was comparable in children initiated with ART early versus long-term HIV-infected children receiving no ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Bhukkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Advance Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Kaur Sachdeva
- Department of Pediatrics, Advance Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepti Suri
- Department of Pediatrics, Advance Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitendra Shandilya
- Department of Pediatrics, Advance Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Department of Pediatrics, Advance Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Advance Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Li H, Omange RW, Czarnecki C, Correia-Pinto JF, Crecente-Campo J, Richmond M, Li L, Schultz-Darken N, Alonso MJ, Whitney JB, Plummer FA, Luo M. Mauritian cynomolgus macaques with M3M4 MHC genotype control SIVmac251 infection. J Med Primatol 2018; 46:137-143. [PMID: 28748659 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding natural HIV control may lead to new preventative or therapeutic strategies. Several protective major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes were found in humans and rhesus macaques. Here, we report a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) controller MHC genotype in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs). METHODS Twelve MHC-genotyped MCMs were infected with SIVmac251 and monitored for viral loads and CD4+ T-cell counts. RESULTS Two macaques with M3M4 genotype exhibited the lowest peak viral loads (log plasma SIV RNA copies/mL), nearly 3 logs lower than those in most macaques with other MHC haplotype combinations, and set point viral loads below the level of detection limit by RT-qPCR (<2 log RNA copies/mL). They maintained healthy CD4+ T-cell counts of >500 cells/μL blood, while CD4 counts in the vast majority of other macaques were below this level. CONCLUSIONS The M3M4 MHC genotype may confer enhanced control of SIV replication in MCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Robert W Omange
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Chris Czarnecki
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jorge F Correia-Pinto
- CIMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Crecente-Campo
- CIMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Meika Richmond
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Maria J Alonso
- CIMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - James B Whitney
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
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MicroRNAs differentially present in the plasma of HIV elite controllers reduce HIV infection in vitro. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5915. [PMID: 25081906 PMCID: PMC4118195 DOI: 10.1038/srep05915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elite controllers maintain HIV-1 viral loads below the limit of detection. The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression and some of them modulate HIV infection, we have studied the miRNA profile in plasma from HIV elite controllers and chronically infected individuals and compared against healthy donors. Several miRNAs correlate with CD4+ T cell count or with the known time of infection. No significant differences were observed between elite controllers and healthy donors; however, 16 miRNAs were different in the plasma of chronic infected versus healthy donors. In addition, levels of hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-33a-5p and hsa-miR-146a-5p were higher in plasma from elite controllers than chronic infected and hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-33a-5p overexpression significantly reduced the viral production in MT2 and primary T CD4+ cells. Therefore, levels of circulating miRNAs might be of diagnostic and/or prognostic value for HIV infection, and hsa-miR-29b-3p and miR-33a-5p may contribute to the design of new anti-HIV drugs.
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Elite controllers with low to absent effector CD8+ T cell responses maintain highly functional, broadly directed central memory responses. J Virol 2012; 86:6959-69. [PMID: 22514340 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00531-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of the breadth and specificity of virus-specific CD8(+) T cell responses associated with control of HIV have largely relied on measurement of cytokine secretion by effector T cells. These have resulted in the identification of HIV elite controllers with low or absent responses in which non-T-cell mechanisms of control have been suggested. However, successful control of HIV infection may be associated with central memory T cells, which have not been consistently examined in these individuals. Gag-specific T cells were characterized using a peptide-based cultured enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV elite controllers (n = 10), progressors (n = 12), and antiretroviral-treated individuals (n = 9) were cultured with overlapping peptides for 12 days. Specificity was assessed by tetramer staining, functional features of expanded cells were assessed by cytokine secretion, and virus inhibition and phenotypic characteristics were assessed by cell sorting and coculture assays. After peptide stimulation, elite controllers showed a greater number of previously undetectable (new) responses compared to progressors (P = 0.0008). These responses were highly polyfunctional, with 64.5% of responses having 3 to 5 functions. Expandable epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells from elite controllers had strong virus inhibitory capacity and predominantly displayed a central memory phenotype. These data indicate that elite controllers with minimal T cell responses harbor a highly functional, broadly directed central memory T cell population that is capable of suppressing HIV in vitro. Comprehensive examination of this cell population could provide insight into the immune responses associated with successful containment of viremia.
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