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Ito K, Fujii T, Yokoyama T, Kadono-Okuda K. Decrease in the expression level of the gene encoding the putative Bombyx mori bidensovirus receptor during virus infection. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3327-3338. [PMID: 30220036 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV) is a pathogen that replicates only in the midgut columnar cells of silkworms, causing fatal disease. Resistance to BmBDV, which does not depend on the viral dose, is determined by a single gene, nsd-2 (resistance gene). Previously, we identified nsd-2 by positional cloning using B. mori genome information and found that this gene encodes a putative amino acid transporter that may function as a receptor for BmBDV. In this study, to understand the relationship between BmBDV and the putative virus receptor, we performed expression analysis of +nsd-2 (allele of nsd-2; susceptibility gene) after virus infection. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis using total RNA isolated from the midgut of an uninfected and a virus-infected silkworm revealed no change in the expression levels of +nsd-2 in the uninfected silkworm, whereas the expression levels of +nsd-2 drastically decreased in the virus-infected silkworm. Moreover, comparison of the expression pattern between the BmBDV-derived transcript and +nsd-2 revealed that the expression level of +nsd-2 decreased with an increase in the virus-derived transcript. In addition, expression analysis of 26 genes encoding other transporters in the midgut demonstrated that the expression levels of three other genes also decreased similarly to the decrease of the expression levels of +nsd-2 after virus infection. Thus, our results suggest that some transporters, including +nsd-2, are affected by BmBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ito
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiko Kadono-Okuda
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
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Rizk F, Laverdure S, d’Alençon E, Bossin H, Dupressoir T. Linear Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1 sequences drive random integration of a reporter gene in transfected Spodoptera frugiperda cells. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4860. [PMID: 29868273 PMCID: PMC5978394 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1 isolated from Junonia coenia (hereafter JcDV) is an invertebrate parvovirus considered as a viral transduction vector as well as a potential tool for the biological control of insect pests. Previous works showed that JcDV-based circular plasmids experimentally integrate into insect cells genomic DNA. METHODS In order to approach the natural conditions of infection and possible integration, we generated linear JcDV-gfp based molecules which were transfected into non permissive Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cultured cells. Cells were monitored for the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and DNA was analyzed for integration of transduced viral sequences. Non-structural protein modulation of the VP-gene cassette promoter activity was additionally assayed. RESULTS We show that linear JcDV-derived molecules are capable of long term genomic integration and sustained transgene expression in Sf9 cells. As expected, only the deletion of both inverted terminal repeats (ITR) or the polyadenylation signals of NS and VP genes dramatically impairs the global transduction/expression efficiency. However, all the integrated viral sequences we characterized appear "scrambled" whatever the viral content of the transfected vector. Despite a strong GFP expression, we were unable to recover any full sequence of the original constructs and found rearranged viral and non-viral sequences as well. Cellular flanking sequences were identified as non-coding ones. On the other hand, the kinetics of GFP expression over time led us to investigate the apparent down-regulation by non-structural proteins of the VP-gene cassette promoter. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results show that JcDV-derived sequences included in linear DNA molecules are able to drive efficiently the integration and expression of a foreign gene into the genome of insect cells, whatever their composition, provided that at least one ITR is present. However, the transfected sequences were extensively rearranged with cellular DNA during or after random integration in the host cell genome. Lastly, the non-structural proteins seem to participate in the regulation of p9 promoter activity rather than to the integration of viral sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Rizk
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR 1333 DGIMI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR 1333 DGIMI INRA/UM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Branch II, Innovative Therapeutic Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sylvain Laverdure
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR 1333 DGIMI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR 1333 DGIMI INRA/UM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics (LHRI), Leidos Biomedical Research Clinical Services Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Hervé Bossin
- UMR 1333 DGIMI INRA/UM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Dupressoir
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR 1333 DGIMI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR 1333 DGIMI INRA/UM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Cabrera AR, Shirk PD, Teal PEA. A feeding protocol for delivery of agents to assess development in Varroa mites. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176097. [PMID: 28448606 PMCID: PMC5407785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel feeding protocol for delivery of bio-active agents to Varroa mites was developed by providing mites with honey bee larva hemolymph supplemented with cultured insect cells and selected materials delivered on a fibrous cotton substrate. Mites were starved, fed on treated hemolymph to deliver selected agents and then returned to bee larvae. Transcript levels of two reference genes, actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), as well as for nine selected genes involved in reproductive processes showed that the starvation and feeding protocol periods did not pose a high level of stress to the mites as transcript levels remained comparable between phoretic mites and those completing the protocol. The feeding protocol was used to deliver molecules such as hormone analogs or plasmids. Mites fed with Tebufenozide, an ecdysone analog, had higher transcript levels of shade than untreated or solvent treated mites. In order to extend this feeding protocol, cultured insect cells were incorporated to a final ratio of 1 part cells and 2 parts hemolymph. Although supplementation with Bombyx mori Bm5 cells increased the amount of hemolymph consumed per mite, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of mites that fed and survived. On the other hand, Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells reduced significantly the percentage of mites that fed and survived as well as the amount of hemolymph consumed. The feeding protocol provides a dynamic platform with which to challenge the Varroa mite to establish efficacy of control agents for this devastating honey bee pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Cabrera
- University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Shirk
- USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter E. A. Teal
- USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Kapelinskaya TV, Martynova EU, Schal C, Mukha DV. Expression strategy of densonucleosis virus from the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. J Virol 2011; 85:11855-70. [PMID: 21900160 PMCID: PMC3209303 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05523-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blattella germanica densovirus (BgDNV) is an autonomous parvovirus that infects the German cockroach. BgDNV possesses three mRNAs for NS proteins, two of which are splice variants of the unspliced transcript. The unspliced variant encodes open reading frame 5 (ORF5) (NS3), while NSspl1 encodes ORF3 (NS1) and ORF4 (NS2) and NSspl2 encodes the C-proximal half of NS1. BgDNV possesses three VP transcripts, one of which (VP) is unspliced, while the other two (VPspl1 and VPspl2) are generated by alternative splicing. The unspliced VP transcript contains both ORF1 and ORF2, while in VPspl1, ORF1 and ORF2 are joined in frame. The transcription of NS genes begins at an earlier stage of the virus life cycle than the transcription of VP genes. NS and VP transcripts overlap by 48 nucleotides (nt). BgDNV is characterized by two additional NS transcripts overlapping by more than 1,650 nt with VP-coding transcripts. Four different bands (97, 85, 80, and 57 kDa) corresponding to three BgDNV capsid proteins were detected on SDS-PAGE. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the amino acid composition of the 85-kDa and 80-kDa proteins is the same. Moreover, both of these proteins are ubiquitinated. The BgDNV PLA(2) domain, which is critical for cellular uptake of the virus, is located in ORF2 and is present only in VP1. In contrast to all of the parvoviruses studied in this respect, VP2 has a unique N terminus that is not contained within VP1 and VP3. In situ recognition with NS1- and VP-specific antibodies revealed an uneven pattern of NS1 expression resembling a halo within the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Kapelinskaya
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena U. Martynova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7613
| | - Dmitry V. Mukha
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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